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Line 1: − <div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">+ − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − <div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − {| − | style="background: red; color: white" | abc − | def − | bgolor="red" | <font color="white"> − <font size="7"> − $val = str_</font> − '''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; − </font> − |} − </div> − − − − <font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − <div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − {| − | style="background: red; color: white" | abc − | def − | bgolor="red" | <font color="white"> − <font size="7"> − $val = str_</font> − '''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; − </font> − |} − </div> − − − − <font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − <div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − {| − | style="background: red; color: white" | abc − | def − | bgolor="red" | <font color="white"> − <font size="7"> − $val = str_</font> − '''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; − </font> − |} − </div> − − − − <font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − <div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − {| − | style="background: red; color: white" | abc − | def − | bgolor="red" | <font color="white"> − <font size="7"> − $val = str_</font> − '''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; − </font> − |} − </div> − − − − <font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − <div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − {| − | style="background: red; color: white" | abc − | def − | bgolor="red" | <font color="white"> − <font size="7"> − $val = str_</font> − '''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; − </font> − |} − </div> − − − − <font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − <div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − {| − | style="background: red; color: white" | abc − | def − | bgolor="red" | <font color="white"> − <font size="7"> − $val = str_</font> − '''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; − </font> − |} − </div> − − − − <font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − <div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;"> − [[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]] − </div> − {| − | style="background: red; color: white" | abc − | def − | bgolor="red" | <font color="white"> − <font size="7"> − $val = str_</font> − '''<font color="blue">repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO</font>''' `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359); − $sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')"; − − $db = Zend_Db::factory( − 'Pdo_Mysql', − array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb') − ); − $db->getConnection(); − $db->query($sql); − Database schema to reproduce: − ================================= − − CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` ( − `test` TEXT NOT NULL − ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; − </font> − |} − </div> − − − − <font size="100" color="red"><div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">{| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin-left:5px" Line 474:
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→The Surrender: Spelling/Grammar Check & Cleanup, typos fixed: two hour → two-hour
{| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin-left:5px"
|align="center" colspan="2"|[[Image:AmRev Logo.PNG|300px]]
|align="center" colspan="2"|[[Image:AmRev Logo.PNG|300px]]
|-
|-
:''"Sir, I propose a cessation of hostilities for twenty-four hours, and that two officers may be appointed by each side, to meet at Mr. Moore's house, to settle terms for the surrender of the posts of York and Gloucester."''
:''"Sir, I propose a cessation of hostilities for twenty-four hours, and that two officers may be appointed by each side, to meet at Mr. Moore's house, to settle terms for the surrender of the posts of York and Gloucester."''
Washington agreed to only a two hour cease fire for Cornwallis to submit general terms of surrender. Messages continued to pass over the battlefield between the two commanders. Finally, on the afternoon of October 18, the two British commissioners, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Dundas and Major Alexander Ross met in "Mr. Moore's house" with the allied officers, Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, for the Americans, and Second Colonel Viscount de Noailles (Marquis de Lafayette's brother-in-law), representing the French. The negotiations ended before midnight, and Laurens carried a rough draft of the articles to General Washington. Washington, however, was not completely happy with the results and made a few minor changes. Once the articles were revised and redrafted, a copy was sent to Cornwallis in Yorktown for his signature.
Washington agreed to only a two-hour cease fire for Cornwallis to submit general terms of surrender. Messages continued to pass over the battlefield between the two commanders. Finally, on the afternoon of October 18, the two British commissioners, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Dundas and Major Alexander Ross met in "Mr. Moore's house" with the allied officers, Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, for the Americans, and Second Colonel Viscount de Noailles (Marquis de Lafayette's brother-in-law), representing the French. The negotiations ended before midnight, and Laurens carried a rough draft of the articles to General Washington. Washington, however, was not completely happy with the results and made a few minor changes. Once the articles were revised and redrafted, a copy was sent to Cornwallis in Yorktown for his signature.
===The Articles===
===The Articles===
The third article referred to the surrender ceremony and contained the provision that deprived the British of the honors war. Customary honors allowed the surrendering troops to march out of their works with their regimental flags flying and playing an enemy's tune in honor of the victor. George Washington was not going to allow these honors, instead he stated, " The same honors will be granted to the surrendering army as granted to the garrison of Charlestown". In May, 1780, an American army was captured at Charleston, South Carolina and not given the honors of war, therefore, in retaliation, the British would not be granted them at Yorktown. The troops, the article read, were to "...march out...with shouldered arms, colors cased, and drums beating a British or German march. They are then to ground their arms and return to their encampment, where they will remain until they are dispatched to the places of their destination..."
The third article referred to the surrender ceremony and contained the provision that deprived the British of the honors war. Customary honors allowed the surrendering troops to march out of their works with their regimental flags flying and playing an enemy's tune in honor of the victor. George Washington was not going to allow these honors, instead he stated, " The same honors will be granted to the surrendering army as granted to the garrison of Charlestown". In May, 1780, an American army was captured at Charleston, South Carolina and not given the honors of war, therefore, in retaliation, the British would not be granted them at Yorktown. The troops, the article read, were to "...march out...with shouldered arms, colors cased, and drums beating a British or German march. They are then to ground their arms and return to their encampment, where they will remain until they are dispatched to the places of their destination..."
By the afternoon of October 19th, 1781, both commanders had signed the Articles of Capitulation, and the defeated British army was marching out from Yorktown to lay down their arms, ending the last major battle of the American Revolution.
By the afternoon of October 19, 1781, both commanders had signed the Articles of Capitulation, and the defeated British army was marching out from Yorktown to lay down their arms, ending the last major battle of the American Revolution.
They did not know that on that very day, Clinton sailed for Yorktown from New York with 5,000 troops.
They did not know that on that very day, Clinton sailed for Yorktown from New York with 5,000 troops.
* Tuchman, Barbara W. ''The First Salute'' 1988, chapter on battle
* Tuchman, Barbara W. ''The First Salute'' 1988, chapter on battle
* Wickwire, Franklin B. ''Cornwallis: The American Adventure'' (1970)
* Wickwire, Franklin B. ''Cornwallis: The American Adventure'' (1970)
* Willcox, Walter. “The British Road to Yorktown: A Study in Divided Command”, ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 52, No. 1. (Oct., 1946), pp. 1-35 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(194610)52%3A1%3C1%3ATBRTYA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR]
* Willcox, Walter. “The British Road to Yorktown: A Study in Divided Command”, ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 52, No. 1. (Oct., 1946), pp. 1–35 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(194610)52%3A1%3C1%3ATBRTYA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR]
*Wood, W. J. ''Battles of the Revolutionary War, 1775–1781''. ISBN 0-306-81329-7 (2003)
*Wood, W. J. ''Battles of the Revolutionary War, 1775–1781''. ISBN 0-306-81329-7 (2003)
*Wright, J: “Notes on the Siege of Yorktown in 1781 with Special Reference to the Conduct of a Siege in the Eighteenth Century”, ''William and Mary Quarterly'', 2nd Ser., Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct., 1932), pp. 229-249, [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0043-5597(193210)212:4%3C229:NOTSOY%3E2.0.CO;2-M&origin=historycoop ONLINE AT jstor]
*Wright, J: “Notes on the Siege of Yorktown in 1781 with Special Reference to the Conduct of a Siege in the Eighteenth Century”, ''William and Mary Quarterly'', 2nd Ser., Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct., 1932), pp. 229–249, [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0043-5597(193210)212:4%3C229:NOTSOY%3E2.0.CO;2-M&origin=historycoop ONLINE AT jstor]
* ''West Point Atlas'' [http://www.military.com/Resources/HistorySubmittedFileView?file=history_americanrevolution_maps.htm online]
* ''West Point Atlas'' [http://www.military.com/Resources/HistorySubmittedFileView?file=history_americanrevolution_maps.htm online]