| − | The '''ruby''' is a gemstone known for its bright red color, although rubies can also vary in color from pink to dark red. The ruby is a very hard stone, second in hardness only to the [[diamond]]. They are a popular stone used in jewelry, and a valued gem termed a "[[precious stone]]", one of a group of 4 stones ([[diamond]], [[emerald]], ruby and [[sapphire]]) that are considered precious. The [[Sanskrit]] word for ruby is "ratnaraj" or "king of precious stones". Many high quality rubies come from [[Myanmar]], and rubies are also found in [[Africa]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]], and [[Madagascar]]. The ruby is the birthstone for July. | + | The '''ruby''' is a [[gemstone]] known for its bright red color, although rubies can also vary in color from pink to dark red. The ruby is a very hard stone, second in hardness only to the [[diamond]] with a rating of 9 on the [[hardness|Moh's Hardness Scale]]. They are a popular stone used in jewelry, and a valued gem termed a "[[precious stone]]", one of a group of 4 stones ([[diamond]], [[emerald]], ruby and [[sapphire]]) that are considered precious. The [[Sanskrit]] word for ruby is "ratnaraj" or "king of precious stones". Many high quality rubies come from [[Myanmar]], and rubies are also found in [[Africa]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]], and [[Madagascar]]. The ruby is the [[birthstone]] for [[July]]. Interestingly, both ruby and [[sapphire]] are the same material, corundum, (an aluminum oxide, Al2O3).[http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/corundum.htm] |