The '''First Estate''' was a social level in pre-revolutionary [[France]]. It consisted of the "higher" and "lower" clergy, and owned about 10% of the land,<ref>http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture11a.html</ref> upon which no property tax was payable.
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Their responsibilities included the registration of births, marriages and deaths; collecting [[tithe]]s; they censored books and served as the moral police; ran schools and hospitals; and distributed relief to the destitute.