Changes

==Regional studies==

==Regional studies==

===Russia===

===Russia===

The 1990s was a decade of progress and unfulfilled promise in the field of Russian military history. Broader access to previously closed archives and widespread collaboration between Russian and foreign scholars - one of the decade's most important developments - coincided with a wave of publications in military history. Varying degrees of scholarly access to the Russian State Military-Historical Archive, the Russian State Military Archive, and the Central State Archive of the Ministry of Defense made it possible for historians to construct research on both neglected and sensitive issues. For instance, freer archival access underlay Oleg Fedotovich Suvenirov's ''Tragediia RKKA 1937-1938'' [The tragedy of the Red Army, 1937-38] (1998), David Stone's ''Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union, 1926-1933'' (2000), and numerous other works. The 1990s witnessed a modest revival in institutionally sponsored research, as well as a renaissance in serious scholarship on prerevolutionary Russian military history. One of the decade's more unusual developments was the exploration of hitherto taboo subjects, such as the history of military intelligence. However, only some attainments of the 1990's were genuine; others were incomplete or ephemeral. Questions also remain over fundamental issues, including problematic archival access, larger political uncertainties, and indifference toward things military.<ref>Bruce W. Menning, "A Decade Half-full: Post-Cold War Studies in Russian and Soviet Military History." ''Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History'' 2001 2(2): 341-362. Issn: 1531-023x not online</ref>

The 1990s was a decade of progress and unfulfilled promise in the field of Russian military history. Broader access to previously closed archives and widespread collaboration between Russian and foreign scholars - one of the decade's most important developments - coincided with a wave of publications in military history. Varying degrees of scholarly access to the Russian State Military-Historical Archive, the Russian State Military Archive, and the Central State Archive of the Ministry of Defense made it possible for historians to construct research on both neglected and sensitive issues. For instance, freer archival access underlay Oleg Fedotovich Suvenirov's ''Tragediia RKKA 1937-1938'' [The tragedy of the Red Army, 1937-38] (1998), David Stone's ''Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union, 1926-1933'' (2000), and numerous other works. The 1990s witnessed a modest revival in institutionally sponsored research, as well as a renaissance in serious scholarship on prerevolutionary Russian military history. One of the decade's more unusual developments was the exploration of hitherto taboo subjects, such as the history of military intelligence. However, only some attainments of the 1990s were genuine; others were incomplete or ephemeral. Questions also remain over fundamental issues, including problematic archival access, larger political uncertainties, and indifference toward things military.<ref>Bruce W. Menning, "A Decade Half-full: Post-Cold War Studies in Russian and Soviet Military History." ''Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History'' 2001 2(2): 341-362. Issn: 1531-023x not online</ref>

===United States===

===United States===

Edward M. Coffman, a military historian who taught at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, emphasizes the role of the individual and includes analysis of social, political, and economic ramifications as well as battles. Coffman's monographs include one on Peyton C. March, army chief of staff during World War I, one on the American military experience during World War I, and one on the Old Army during peacetime, 1784-1898. Coffman notes that historians need as much information as they can "vacuum" and need to be honest to and with their subjects. He urges careful attention be paid to the individual testimonies of soldiers, both written and oral, when doing military history and provides examples of those historians who have accomplished this.<ref>Edward M. Coffman, and James Russell Harris, "'What Really Interests Me Are the People': Edward M. Coffman on Soldiers, Scholars, and the New Military History." ''Register of the Kentucky Historical Society'' 2001 99(2): 123-152. Issn: 0023-0243</ref>

Edward M. Coffman, a military historian who taught at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, emphasizes the role of the individual and includes analysis of social, political, and economic ramifications as well as battles. Coffman's monographs include one on Peyton C. March, army chief of staff during World War I, one on the American military experience during World War I, and one on the Old Army during peacetime, 1784-1898. Coffman notes that historians need as much information as they can "vacuum" and need to be honest to and with their subjects. He urges careful attention be paid to the individual testimonies of soldiers, both written and oral, when doing military history and provides examples of those historians who have accomplished this.<ref>Edward M. Coffman, and James Russell Harris, "'What Really Interests Me Are the People': Edward M. Coffman on Soldiers, Scholars, and the New Military History." ''Register of the Kentucky Historical Society'' 2001 99(2): 123-152. Issn: 0023-0243</ref>