Changes

The [[Lieber Code]] of 1863 codified the protection of civilians and stated that "all rape...[is] prohibited under the penalty of death"<ref name="Askin_35_36">{{harvp|Askin|1997|pp=35–36}}</ref> and subsequent [[Law of war|laws of war]] and [[humanitarian law]] have made maltreatment of civilians criminal.<ref name="black book">Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, [[Stéphane Courtois]], ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', [[Harvard University Press]], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, page 5.</ref> Slavery was formally abolished in nearly all countries by the mid 20th century,<ref>Murray Gordon. 'Slavery in the Arab World', New York: New Amsterdam, 1989, p. 234.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4091579.stm | work=BBC News | title=Slavery: Mauritania's best kept secret | date=December 13, 2004 | accessdate=May 5, 2010}}</ref> though in the 21st century some Muslim scholars<ref>Khaled Abou El Fadl and William Clarence-Smith</ref> have expressed concern at a "worrying trend" of conservative [[Salafi]] Islamic scholars "reopening" the issue of slavery after its "closing" earlier in the 20th century when [[Majority Muslim countries|Muslim countries]] banned slavery and "most Muslim scholars" found the practice "inconsistent with Qur'anic morality."<ref>Abou el Fadl, ''Great Theft'', HarperSanFrancisco, c2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPDF/Islam&SlaveryWGCS.pdf "Islam and Slavery", William G. Clarence-Smith]</ref>

The [[Lieber Code]] of 1863 codified the protection of civilians and stated that "all rape...[is] prohibited under the penalty of death"<ref name="Askin_35_36">{{harvp|Askin|1997|pp=35–36}}</ref> and subsequent [[Law of war|laws of war]] and [[humanitarian law]] have made maltreatment of civilians criminal.<ref name="black book">Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, [[Stéphane Courtois]], ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', [[Harvard University Press]], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, page 5.</ref> Slavery was formally abolished in nearly all countries by the mid 20th century,<ref>Murray Gordon. 'Slavery in the Arab World', New York: New Amsterdam, 1989, p. 234.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4091579.stm | work=BBC News | title=Slavery: Mauritania's best kept secret | date=December 13, 2004 | accessdate=May 5, 2010}}</ref> though in the 21st century some Muslim scholars<ref>Khaled Abou El Fadl and William Clarence-Smith</ref> have expressed concern at a "worrying trend" of conservative [[Salafi]] Islamic scholars "reopening" the issue of slavery after its "closing" earlier in the 20th century when [[Majority Muslim countries|Muslim countries]] banned slavery and "most Muslim scholars" found the practice "inconsistent with Qur'anic morality."<ref>Abou el Fadl, ''Great Theft'', HarperSanFrancisco, c2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPDF/Islam&SlaveryWGCS.pdf "Islam and Slavery", William G. Clarence-Smith]</ref>

===ISIL===

===ISIL===