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[[File:Disputed Toledo Strip.png|thumb|left|400px|Disputed Toledo Strip claimed by Ohio and Michigan]]

[[File:Disputed Toledo Strip.png|thumb|left|400px|Disputed Toledo Strip claimed by Ohio and Michigan]]

From 1816 to 1835, Michigan set up local governments, built roads, and collected taxes throughout the Toledo Strip.  When Michigan sought to hold a state constitutional convention in 1833, Congress rejected the request because of the still disputed Toledo Strip.  The Ohio Congressional delegation was active in blocking Michigan from attaining statehood, lobbying other states to vote against Michigan. Michigan forced the issue by calling a Constitutional convention in 1835 without the approval of Congress.  In February 1835, Ohio passed legislation that set up county governments in the Strip.  In response, Michigan passed the Pains and Penalties Act making it a criminal offense for Ohioans to carry out governmental actions in the Strip, under penalty of a [[Fine (penalty)|fine]] up to $1,000, up to five years [[prison|imprisonment]] at [[hard labor]], or both.  The Governors of Michigan and Ohio then sent their militias in to the Toledo Strip.  President Andrew Jackson sent mediators to work out a compromise, and both sides appeared to agree to allow the residents of the Toledo Strip choose between Michigan or Ohio to govern them until Congress could act on the issue. Ohio removed its militia and conducted an election.  Michigan sheriffs arrested two Ohioans on the grounds that they had violated the Pains and Penalties Act by voting in the election.  Ohio Governor Lucas sent out a survey team to mark the Harris line, but the Michigan militia attacked the surveyors at the Battle of Phillips Corners. Ohio responded by calling a special session of its legislature that voted additional funds for its militia and established a county court of common pleas in Toledo.  The Michigan militia sent  1,000 troops to Toledo to prevent the first session of that court from being held.  However, the judges held a midnight session of the court and quickly retreated south to the position of the Ohio forces.

From 1816 to 1835, Michigan set up local governments, built roads, and collected taxes throughout the Toledo Strip.  When Michigan sought to hold a state constitutional convention in 1833, Congress rejected the request because of the still disputed Toledo Strip.  The Ohio Congressional delegation was active in blocking Michigan from attaining statehood, lobbying other states to vote against Michigan. Michigan forced the issue by calling a Constitutional convention in 1835 without the approval of Congress.  In February 1835, Ohio passed legislation that set up county governments in the Strip.  In response, Michigan passed the Pains and Penalties Act making it a criminal offense for Ohioans to carry out governmental actions in the Strip, under penalty of a [[Fine (penalty)|fine]] up to $1,000, up to five years [[prison|imprisonment]] at [[hard labor]], or both.  The Governors of Michigan and Ohio then sent their militias in to the Toledo Strip.  President Andrew Jackson sent mediators to work out a compromise, and both sides appeared to agree to allow the residents of the Toledo Strip choose between Michigan or Ohio to govern them until Congress could act on the issue. Ohio removed its militia and conducted an election.  Michigan sheriffs arrested two Ohioans on the grounds that they had violated the Pains and Penalties Act by voting in the election.  Ohio Governor Lucas sent out a survey team to mark the Harris line, but the Michigan militia attacked the surveyors at the Battle of Phillips Corners. Ohio responded by calling a special session of its legislature that voted additional funds for its militia and established a county court of common pleas in Toledo.  The Michigan militia sent  1,000 troops to Toledo to prevent the first session of that court from being held.  However, the judges held a midnight session of the court and quickly retreated south to the position of the Ohio forces.

On June 15, 1836, Jackson signed a bill that allowed Michigan to become a state, but only after it ceded the Toledo Strip. In exchange for this concession, Michigan would be granted the western three-quarters of what is now known as the Upper Peninsula (the easternmost portion had already been included within the Michigan boundaries).  However, Michigan called a convention that rejected the offer.  Throughout 1836, Michigan found itself deep in a financial crisis because of the high militia expenses and was nearly bankrupt. The "war" unofficially ended on December 14, 1836, at a second convention in Ann Arbor that passed a resolution to accept the terms set forth by the Congress. On January 26, 1837, Michigan was finally admitted to the Union as the 26th state, and Ohio had undisputed control of the Toledo Strip.

On June 15, 1836, Jackson signed a bill that allowed Michigan to become a state, but only after it ceded the Toledo Strip. In exchange for this concession, Michigan would be granted the western three-quarters of what is now known as the Upper Peninsula. (The portion east of the Illinois - Indiana border line had already been included within the Michigan boundaries).  However, Michigan called a convention that rejected the offer.  Throughout 1836, Michigan found itself deep in a financial crisis because of the high militia expenses and was nearly bankrupt. The "war" unofficially ended on December 14, 1836, at a second convention in Ann Arbor that passed a resolution to accept the terms set forth by the Congress. On January 26, 1837, Michigan was finally admitted to the Union as the 26th state, and Ohio had undisputed control of the Toledo Strip. As a result, Michigan's southern border is an east-west line that starts 10 miles north of the southern tip of Lake Michigan and then drops down about 5 miles at the Indiana-Ohio border and then slopes northward to meet Lake Erie at the mouth of the Maumee River.  Differences of opinion about the exact boundary location continued until the Federal government did a definitive re-survey in 1915.  

The land in the Upper Peninsula proved more valuable to Michigan than did the Toledo strip, and Detroit grew into a much bigger regional industrial center than Toledo.

The land in the Upper Peninsula proved more valuable to Michigan than did the Toledo strip, and Detroit grew into a much bigger regional industrial center than Toledo.  Although barge traffic was established between Lake Erie and the Mississippi River, it enters Lake Michigan through locks in Chicago, travels up that lake through the Straits of Mackinac and then down [[Lake Huron]] and the Detroit River.

==References==

==References==

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[[Category: Ohio]]

[[Category: Ohio]]

[[Category: Michigan]]

[[Category: Michigan]]