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==Early life==

==Early life==

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born July 29, 1883.  

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born July 29, 1883. He was executed on April 28, 1945.<ref>[http://www.custermen.com/ItalyWW2/ILDUCE/Mussolini.htm Execution of Mussolini]</ref>  

He was executed on April 28, 1945.<ref>[http://www.custermen.com/ItalyWW2/ILDUCE/Mussolini.htm Execution of Mussolini]</ref>  

Mussolini was born in the central Italian town of Predappio, in the then-province of Forlì (from 1992 called province of Forlì-Cesena). His father, Alessandro, was a blacksmith and his mother, Rosa Maltoni, was a school teacher. Alessandro Mussolini was an enthusiast socialist of the anarchic wing and an atheist. He bestowed the first name "Benito" upon his son after Mexican president [[Benito Juarez]] and the middle name "Andrea" after the founder of the short-lived Italian "Revolutionary Socialist Party of Romagna", Andrea Conti. Benito's mother, however, was a religious Catholic woman and had the child baptized.

Mussolini was born in the central Italian town of Predappio, in the then-province of Forlì (from 1992 called province of Forlì-Cesena). His father, Alessandro, was a blacksmith and his mother, Rosa Maltoni, was a school teacher. Alessandro Mussolini was an enthusiast socialist of the anarchic wing and an atheist. He bestowed the first name "Benito" upon his son after Mexican president [[Benito Juarez]] and the middle name "Andrea" after the founder of the short-lived Italian "Revolutionary Socialist Party of Romagna", Andrea Conti. Benito's mother, however, was a religious Catholic woman and had the child baptized.

Benito Mussolini had a troubled education: he was expelled from a Salesian-run religious middle school in Faenza when he stabbed an older classmate with a knife. After that, he enrolled in a public and secular Teachers' School for Boys in Forlimpopoli (even there, he was poorly behaved and involved in fistfights). He graduated in 1901 with an elementary teacher's license, but was jobless. In order to avoid mandatory military service, he fled to [[Switzerland]] where he lived by his wits. He never attended any kind of university, as his school didn't grant the necessary diploma to do so.

Benito Mussolini had a troubled education: he was expelled from a Salesian-run religious middle school in Faenza when he stabbed an older classmate with a knife. After that, he enrolled in a public and secular Teachers' School for Boys in Forlimpopoli (even there, he was poorly behaved and involved in fistfights). He graduated in 1901 with an elementary teacher's license, but was jobless. He never attended any kind of university, as his school didn't grant the necessary diploma to do so.

Mussolini had been introduced to socialism by his father, and got closer and closer to the Socialist Party in his teen years, until he eventually subscribed in 1900. He started writing on the socialist newspaper ''L'Avvenire del lavoratore'' very soon, in 1904.

Mussolini's father was a socialist and had named him after leftist [[Mexico|Mexican]] President [[Benito Juárez]] for his first name and after Italian socialists Amilcare Cipriani and Andrea Costa for his middle names.<ref name="Greenspan">Greenspan, Jesse (October 25, 2012). [http://www.history.com/news/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-mussolini 9 Things You May Not Know About Mussolini]. ''History.com''. Retrieved May 9, 2017.</ref> Mussolini joined the Socialist Party in 1900.<ref name="Encyclopedia.com"/>

 

In order to promote his socialist views, he moved to [[Switzerland]], where he lived by his wits.<ref name="Biography.com">[http://www.biography.com/people/benito-mussolini-9419443 Benito Mussolini]. ''Biography.com''. Retrieved May 9, 2017.</ref><ref name="Encyclopedia.com">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/italian-history-biographies/benito-mussolini Benito Mussolini]. ''Encyclopedia.com'' (from the Encyclopedia of World Biography''. 2004. Retrieved May 9, 2017.</ref> In 1904, the Swiss government forced him to return to Italy, where he continued to promote his socialist views.<ref name="Biography.com"/>

 

In Switzerland, he started writing for the socialist newspaper ''L'Avvenire del lavoratore''.<ref name="Greenspan"/> In 1912, Mussolini became the editor of ''Avanti!'', the official newspaper of the Italian Socialist Party,<ref name="Greenspan"/> and served in that position for several years.<ref name="Encyclopedia.com"/> Among his other actions, Mussolini spoke highly of [[Karl Marx]].<ref name="Greenspan"/>

==Fascism and Socialism==

==Fascism and Socialism==