Changes

The movement was theoretical and theological until recent decades, when it became the basis for widespread support for [[Israel]] among American [[Fundamentalists]].  

The movement was theoretical and theological until recent decades, when it became the basis for widespread support for [[Israel]] among American [[Fundamentalists]].  

==History==

==History==

The restoration of the Jews to the holy land is a theme in the writings of various Protestant denominations, notably the Puritans. Various thinkers interpreted the French Revolution and the career of Napoleon in light of Biblical prophesy, leading to an upsurge of interest in the subject. As a movement, Christian Zionism can be traced back to Scottish clergyman Edward Irving and the Albury conferences of 1826 to 1830. These conferences focused on interpreting current political and social events in light of prophesy. They were held at Albury Park, the estate of Henry Drummond, in Surrey, England. They were followed up by the Powerscourt Conferences of 1831 to 1833. These were held in Ireland and led by John Nelson Darby.

The restoration of the Jews to the holy land is a theme in the writings of various Protestant denominations, notably the Puritans. Various writers interpreted the career of Napoleon in light of Biblical prophesy, leading to an upsurge of interest in the subject.<ref>Ezra Sargeant, ''The Identity of Napoleon and Antichrist Completely Demonstrated, Or, A Commentary on the Chapters of the Scripture which Relate to Antichrist: Where All the Passages are Shown to Apply to Napoleon in the Most Striking Manner : and where Especially the Prophetic Number 666 is Found in His Name, with Perfect Exactness, in Two Different Manners'', 1809.</ref> As a movement, Christian Zionism can be traced back to Scottish clergyman Edward Irving and the Albury conferences of 1826 to 1830. These conferences focused on interpreting current political and social events in light of prophesy. They were held at Albury Park, the estate of Henry Drummond, in Surrey, England. They were followed up by the Powerscourt Conferences of 1831 to 1833. These were held in Ireland and led by John Nelson Darby.

In a striking parallel, Jewish thinkers, beginning in the seventeenth century, advocated similar ideas and some embarked on small-scale settlement in Palestine. Among both Jews and Christians these settlement attempts increased at times of intense messianic speculation, especially around the year 1840. British, Dutch and American Protestants were involved.  One specific Christian restoration plan was Laurence Oliphant's 1882 "Gilead Plan" for a large Jewish colony under British auspices in eastern Palestine. The Christian proposals seem to have had little coordination with or influence on the Jewish plans.

In a striking parallel, Jewish thinkers, beginning in the seventeenth century, advocated similar ideas and some embarked on small-scale settlement in Palestine. Among both Jews and Christians these settlement attempts increased at times of intense messianic speculation, especially around the year 1840. British, Dutch and American Protestants were involved.  One specific Christian restoration plan was Laurence Oliphant's 1882 "Gilead Plan" for a large Jewish colony under British auspices in eastern Palestine. The Christian proposals seem to have had little coordination with or influence on the Jewish plans.