Changes

== James the Just in the New Testament ==

== James the Just in the New Testament ==

Matthew 14:55<br>Is not this the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?

Matthew 14:55<br>Is not this the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses<ref name=Joses>A '''Joses''' was the son of Mary the wife of Cleophas (KJV) or Clopas (RSV). <br>See the following verses:<br>'''Mark 15:47'''<br>And Mary Magdalene and '''Mary ''the mother'' of Joses''' beheld where he was laid<br>  '''Matthew 27:55-56'''<br>⁵⁵And many women were there beholding afar off, which followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto him: ⁵⁶Among which was Mary Magdalene, and '''Mary the mother of James and Joses''', and the mother of Zebedee's children.<br> '''Luke 24:10'''<br>It was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and '''Mary ''the mother'' of James''', and other ''women that were'' with them, which told these thing unto the apostles.<br> '''John 19:25'''<br>Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and '''his mother's sister, Mary the ''wife'' of Cleophas''', and Mary Magdalene. <br>See [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/19-25.htm multiple commentaries on John 19:25]. <br>Either Mary's sister is not named in John 19:25, or Mary's sister's name is Mary the wife of Cleophas, which would make her a cousin within the same clan and her sister according to the customarily broad Jewish usage of brother and sister for relative and kinsman, since no parent would give two sibling children born to them the same name (although an orphan child of a deceased relative compassionately adopted into the family might have the same name as a child born naturally to the adoptive parents). If that is the case, that Mary's sister is Mary the wife of Cleophas, then James (the Just) the brother of Joses, is a son of Cleophas, a relative and kinsman of Jesus, but not born of Mary the mother of Jesus, his brother within the family of David. <br>This is one of the arguments of Catholic and Orthodox apologists in defense of the doctrine of Mary's perpetual virginity. See [[Helvidius]].</ref>, and Simon, and Judas?

Mark 6:3<br>Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, the brother of James, and Joses, and of Juda, and Simon? and are not his sisters here with us? And they were offended at him.

Mark 6:3<br>Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, the brother of James, and Joses<ref name=Joses/>, and of Juda, and Simon? and are not his sisters here with us? And they were offended at him.

Acts 12:17<br>But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.

Acts 12:17<br>But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.

This James, whom the ancients surnamed "the Just", because of his excellent virtue, was the first who received the episcopate of the church in Jerusalem. [[Clement of Alexandria|Clement]], in the sixth book of his ''Institutions'', says that Peter, James, and John, after the ascension of our Lord, though preferred by him, did not contend for that honor, but chose James the Just as bishop of Jerusalem. And in his seventh book he says that the Lord imparted the gift of knowledge to James the Just, to John, and Peter after his resurrection, and delivered it to the rest of the apostles, and they to the seventy, of whom Barnabas was one.  

This James, whom the ancients surnamed "the Just", because of his excellent virtue, was the first who received the episcopate of the church in Jerusalem. [[Clement of Alexandria|Clement]], in the sixth book of his ''Institutions'', says that Peter, James, and John, after the ascension of our Lord, though preferred by him, did not contend for that honor, but chose James the Just as bishop of Jerusalem. And in his seventh book he says that the Lord imparted the gift of knowledge to James the Just, to John, and Peter after his resurrection, and delivered it to the rest of the apostles, and they to the seventy, of whom Barnabas was one.  

During the forty years that God delayed the destruction of Jerusalem, the majority of the apostles and disciples, and James himself, the first bishop there, usually called the brother of our Lord, still surviving and still remaining at Jerusalem, remained the strongest protection of the place. For their sake the Divine Providence bore with the Jews with long-suffering, to see if by repentance for what they had done to Christ they might obtain pardon and salvation.

During the forty years that God delayed the destruction of Jerusalem, the majority of the apostles and disciples, and James himself, the first bishop there, usually called the brother of our Lord<ref name=James>"usually called the brother of our Lord". <br>Eusebius, when not quoting other writers, such as [[Hegesippus]], who call James (the Just) the brother of the Lord, always states that James (the Just) was "called the brother of our Lord". He shows in several places in his ''Church History'' that he was not convinced that James the Just was the natural offspring of Joseph and Mary the mother of Jesus, but the son of a relative according to Jewish custom called a brother of Jesus, and a son of a relative of Mary the mother of Jesus, not James the son of Alphaeus, but James the brother of Joses the son of Mary the wife of Cleophas (KJV) or Clopas (RSV) (Mark 15:47; Matthew 27:56; Luke 24:10; John 19:25).<br>See [[Helvidius]].</ref>, still surviving and still remaining at Jerusalem, remained the strongest protection of the place. For their sake the Divine Providence bore with the Jews with long-suffering, to see if by repentance for what they had done to Christ they might obtain pardon and salvation.

There were two Jameses: one who was beheaded, and the other called the Just, who was thrown from a wing of the temple, and beaten to death with a fuller's club<ref>A club used in the bleaching of cloth.</ref>.

There were two Jameses: one who was beheaded, and the other called the Just, who was thrown from a wing of the temple, and beaten to death with a fuller's club<ref>A club used in the bleaching of cloth.</ref>.

The times of the bishops in Jerusalem have not been regularly recorded and preserved, because tradition says they all lived only briefly. However, from writers of the time, down to the invasion of Judea under [[Hadrian]], there were fifteen successions of bishops in that church, all Hebrews from the beginning, who received the knowledge of Christ pure and unadulterated, so that, according to those who were able to judge, they were well-approved and worthy of the episcopal office. The first was James called the brother of our Lord<ref>Eusebius, when not quoting other writers, such as [[Hegesippus]], who call James (the Just) the brother of the Lord, always states that James (the Just) was "called the brother of our Lord". He shows in several places in his ''Church History'' that he was not convinced that James the Just was the natural offspring of Joseph and Mary the mother of Jesus, but the son of a relative according to Jewish custom called a brother of Jesus, and a son of a relative of Mary the mother of Jesus, not James the son of Alphaeus, but James the brother of Joses the son of Mary the wife of Cleophas (KJV) or Clopas (RSV) (Mark 15:47; Matthew 27:56; Luke 24:10; John 19:25).<br>See [[Helvidius]].</ref>; the second was Simeon, the third Justus, the fourth Zaccheus, the fifth Tobias, the sixth Benjamin, the seventh John, the eighth Matthew, the ninth Phillip, the tenth Seneca, the eleventh Justus, the twelfth Levi, the thirteenth Ephres, the fourteenth Joseph, and finally the fifteenth Judas.

The times of the bishops in Jerusalem have not been regularly recorded and preserved, because tradition says they all lived only briefly. However, from writers of the time, down to the invasion of Judea under [[Hadrian]], there were fifteen successions of bishops in that church, all Hebrews from the beginning, who received the knowledge of Christ pure and unadulterated, so that, according to those who were able to judge, they were well-approved and worthy of the episcopal office. The first was James called the brother of our Lord<ref name=James/>; the second was Simeon, the third Justus, the fourth Zaccheus, the fifth Tobias, the sixth Benjamin, the seventh John, the eighth Matthew, the ninth Phillip, the tenth Seneca, the eleventh Justus, the twelfth Levi, the thirteenth Ephres, the fourteenth Joseph, and finally the fifteenth Judas.

== James the Just in Josephus<ref>The account of Josephus, ''Antiquities'' 20.9.1</ref> ==

== James the Just in Josephus<ref>The account of Josephus, ''Antiquities'' 20.9.1</ref> ==