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→Fallacies of Presumption: added Fallacy of analogy
For example: "You are from [[Ohio]], which is a [[red state]], so you must be a [[Republican]]".
For example: "You are from [[Ohio]], which is a [[red state]], so you must be a [[Republican]]".
===Analogy===
{{main|Fallacy of analogy}}
The fallacy of analogy argues that because one thing resembles another in some aspects, they must resemble each other in another aspect. In its most extreme form, it argues that a superficial resemblance proves identity, that because they look like the same thing they are in fact the same. In general, an argument by analogy takes the following form:
*A is like B (they share properties X, Y, and Z).
*B also has property Q
*Therefore, A has property Q as well.
The strength of such an argument depends upon the strength of the analogy. If A and B have more differences than shared properties, the argument is weakened. It may also be true that A is like B in many ways, but still differs from B in terms of the specific property Q. If the analogy is too weak or irrelevant to the conclusion that is drawn, then a fallacy of weak analogy has been committed. An analogy itself is never true or false; it is only weak or strong.
For example: "The erecting of statues and images by [[Paganism|pagans]] was an act of [[idolatry]], therefore the erecting of statues is an act of idolatry."
===Contradiction===
===Contradiction===