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==HIV Infection and a New Look at Gay Bowel Syndrome==

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In 2009, the abstract for the medical journal article ''Sexually transmitted infections as a cause of proctitis in men who have sex with men'' which was published in the medical journal ''Diseases of the Colon & Rectum'' declared: "Many men who have sex with men (MSM) present with complaints of bleeding, pain, and inflammation... Sexually transmitted infections are a common cause of proctitis and appropriate testing is imperative. Lymphogranuloma venereum is a common cause."<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19333054 ''Sexually transmitted infections as a cause of proctitis in men who have sex with men''], Davis TW1, Goldstone SE., Dis Colon Rectum. 2009 Mar;52(3):507-12. doi: 10.1007/DCR.0b013e31819ad537.</ref>

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In 2009, the abstract for the medical journal article ''Sexually transmitted infections as a cause of proctitis in men who have sex with men'' which was published in the medical journal ''Diseases of the Colon & Rectum'' declared: "Many men who have sex with men (MSM) present with complaints of bleeding, pain, and inflammation... Sexually transmitted infections are a common cause of proctitis and appropriate testing is imperative. Lymphogranuloma venereum is a common cause."<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19333054 ''Sexually transmitted infections as a cause of proctitis in men who have sex with men''], Davis TW1, Goldstone SE., Dis Colon Rectum. 2009 Mar;52(3):507-12. doi: 10.1007/DCR.0b013e31819ad537.</ref> For more information, please read: [[Homosexuality and proctitis]]

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~~In 2006, the abstract for the medical journal article ''Sexually transmitted proctitis'' published in the medical journal Postgraduate Medical Journal declared:~~

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{{Cquote|Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes simplex virus and syphilis commonly present with rectal symptoms. Recent outbreaks of lymphogranuloma venereum among homosexual men throughout Europe highlight the need to consider sexually transmitted infections in the differential diagnosis of proctitis.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2660501/ ''Sexually transmitted proctitis''], E Hamlyn and C Taylor, Postgrad Med J. 2006 Nov; 82(973): 733–736.

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~~doi: 10.1136/pmj.2006.048488</ref>}}~~

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~~The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) declared in 2015:~~

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{{Cquote|Sexually transmitted gastrointestinal syndromes include proctitis, proctocolitis, and enteritis. Evaluation for these syndromes should include appropriate diagnostic procedures (e.g., anoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, stool examination, and culture)...

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Proctitis is inflammation of the rectum (i.e., the distal 10–12 cm) that can be associated with anorectal pain, tenesmus, or rectal discharge. N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis (including LGV serovars), T. pallidum, and HSV are the most common sexually transmitted pathogens involved. In persons with HIV infection, herpes proctitis can be especially severe. Proctitis occurs predominantly among persons who participate in receptive anal intercourse.

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Enteritis usually results in diarrhea and abdominal cramping without signs of proctitis or proctocolitis; it occurs among persons whose sexual practices include oral-anal contact. In otherwise healthy persons, Giardia lamblia is most frequently implicated. When outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness occur among social or sexual networks of [[MSM]], clinicians should consider sexual transmission as a mode of spread and provide counseling accordingly. Among persons with HIV infection, enteritis can be caused by pathogens that may not be sexually transmitted, including CMV, Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare, Salmonella sp., Campylobacter sp., Shigella sp., Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium, and Isospora.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/proctitis.htm Proctitis, Proctocolitis, and Enteritis], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015</ref>}}

[[Image:AIDS_virus.jpg‎|thumbnail|right|200px|Stylized rendering of a cross-section of the [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]]]] A September 2010 report of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) declared : "Gay, [[bisexual]], and other men who have sex with men (MSM) represent approximately 2% of the US population, yet are the population most severely affected by [[HIV]] and are the only risk group in which new HIV infections have been increasing steadily since the early 1990s. In 2006, MSM accounted for more than half (53%) of all new HIV infections in the United States..."<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/msm/index.htm</ref> In August of 2009, LifeSiteNews reported: "An official with the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) announced the CDC's estimate Monday that in the [[United States]] [[AIDS]] is fifty times more prevalent among men who have sex with men ('MSM') than the rest of the population."<ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2009/aug/09082609</ref>

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