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==Political activism==
==Political activism==
[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Independent Monitor, September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref>]]
===Alabama===
===Alabama===
In Alabama, Scalawags dominated the Republican Party.<ref>Wiggins 131-38</ref> 117 Republicans were nominated, elected, or appointed to the most lucrative and important state executive positions, judgeships, and federal legislative and judicial offices between 1868 and 1881. They included 76 white southerners, 35 northerners, and 6 blacks. In state offices during Reconstruction, white southerners were even more predominant: 51 won nominations, compared to 11 carpetbaggers and one black. 27 scalawags won state executive nominations (75%), 24 won state judicial nominations (89%), and 101 were elected to the Alabama General Assembly (39%). However, fewer scalawags won nominations to federal offices: 15 were nominated or elected to Congress (48%) compared to 11 carpetbaggers and 5 blacks. 48 scalawags were members of the 1867 constitutional convention (49.5% of the Republican membership); and seven scalawags were members of the 1875 constitutional convention (58% of the minuscule Republican membership.)
In Alabama, Scalawags dominated the [[Republican Party]].<ref>Wiggins 131-38</ref> 117 Republicans were nominated, elected, or appointed to the most lucrative and important state executive positions, judgeships, and federal legislative and judicial offices between 1868 and 1881. They included 76 white southerners, 35 northerners, and 6 blacks. In state offices during Reconstruction, white southerners were even more predominant: 51 won nominations, compared to 11 carpetbaggers and one black. 27 scalawags won state executive nominations (75%), 24 won state judicial nominations (89%), and 101 were elected to the Alabama General Assembly (39%). However, fewer scalawags won nominations to federal offices: 15 were nominated or elected to Congress (48%) compared to 11 carpetbaggers and 5 blacks. 48 scalawags were members of the 1867 constitutional convention (49.5% of the Republican membership); and seven scalawags were members of the 1875 constitutional convention (58% of the minuscule Republican membership.)
Although the city of Mobile, Alabama, as a whole staunchly supported the Confederacy during the Civil War, a significant number of Mobilians remained loyal to the Union. Many of Mobile's business community and city elites dissented from the secessionist fervor that swept the city. Many of these dissenters were of Northern origins or had strong business ties to the North. Some loyalists eventually fled to Northern lines, while others stayed behind even in the face of political persecution. Significant numbers of Mobile Unionists were later scalawag leaders after the Civil War ended. Prominent Mobile Unionists included Gustavus Horton, William Rix, Moses Foote, John Bowen, Caleb Price, George W. Tarleton, and Francis Bromberg.<ref>Fitzgerald, "From Unionists to Scalawags: Elite Dissent in Civil War Mobile." 2002</ref>
Although the city of Mobile, Alabama, as a whole staunchly supported the Confederacy during the Civil War, a significant number of Mobilians remained loyal to the Union. Many of Mobile's business community and city elites dissented from the secessionist fervor that swept the city. Many of these dissenters were of Northern origins or had strong business ties to the North. Some loyalists eventually fled to Northern lines, while others stayed behind even in the face of political persecution. Significant numbers of Mobile Unionists were later scalawag leaders after the Civil War ended. Prominent Mobile Unionists included Gustavus Horton, William Rix, Moses Foote, John Bowen, Caleb Price, George W. Tarleton, and Francis Bromberg.<ref>Fitzgerald, "From Unionists to Scalawags: Elite Dissent in Civil War Mobile." 2002</ref>