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As the Americans and the Allies advanced toward Germany, the Ottoman Turks and Bulgarians surrendered.  There was a revolution in Austria-Hungary that overthrew its government, and Germany would not recognize that new government.  Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated his throne in Germany on November 1918, and the Germans formed a new republic.  Members of the German republic signed an armistice (agreement to stop fighting) on November 11, 1918.  The "war to end all wars", was over.
 
As the Americans and the Allies advanced toward Germany, the Ottoman Turks and Bulgarians surrendered.  There was a revolution in Austria-Hungary that overthrew its government, and Germany would not recognize that new government.  Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated his throne in Germany on November 1918, and the Germans formed a new republic.  Members of the German republic signed an armistice (agreement to stop fighting) on November 11, 1918.  The "war to end all wars", was over.
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=== Aftermath ===
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Austria-Hungary was dismantled, mostly along ethnic lines.  The Ottoman Empire was also dismantled.  For the first time in over 1000 years Palestine was not under Muslim control, as Britian assumed control of the area as a colony.  Germany was forced to sign the [[Treaty of Versailles]] accepting full responsibility for the war and had to pay for the entire cost of the war.  This led Germany into economic collapse and sowed the seeds for anyone who could get them out of this collapse and restore their pride to be view as almost a savior.  Italy felt they were shortchanged in their portion of the spoils and led to a bitterness that would cause them to side with Germany in the years ahead.  The initial causes of the war, alliances and imperialism, were not dealt with.  Only 20 years after the Treaty of Versailles, [[World War II]] would start.
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==Further reading==
 
==Further reading==
 
*''War By Time-Table: How the First World War Began'', A.J.P. Taylor, New York: American Heritage, 1969.
 
*''War By Time-Table: How the First World War Began'', A.J.P. Taylor, New York: American Heritage, 1969.
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