Changes

==Greenhouse gasesHistory==In December 2009 Kraft (2000) examines the EPA officially declared that six greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, "threaten the health rise and welfare evolution of environmental politics since the American people"1960s. The decision could open Originating as a movement built around the way for the [[Obama administration]] conservation of natural resources and an attempt to impose its own curbs on emissionsstave off air, although Congress may have water, and land pollution, environmentalism evolved into a much more sophisticated control regime, one that employed the final sayEnvironmental Protection Agency to slow environmental degradation.

On April 2, 2007, the President [[Supreme CourtRichard Nixon]] ruled that , on July 9, 1970, told Congress of his plan to create the EPA has by combining parts of three federal departments, three bureaus, three administrations and many other offices into the authority new single, independent agency to regulate [[greenhouse gas]] emissionsbe known as the Environmental Protection Agency. This was a rebuke to By the [[George W. Bush|Bush]] administrationlaw at the time, which Congress had called for voluntary reduction of 60 days to reject the gases.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007Apr02/0proposal,4670,ScotusGreenhouseGases,00but opinion was favorable and the reorganization took place without legislation.html Fox News: High Court Rebukes Bush on Car Pollution]</ref>==Mercury==On 8 February 2008December 2, 1970, a federal appeals court struck down a [[mercury]]-control plan imposed by the Environmental Protection AgencyEPA was officially established and began operation under director William Ruckelshaus. The court ruled that the Bush administration ignored the law when it imposed less stringent requirements on power plants to reduce mercury pollution, which scientists fear could cause neurological problems in 60,000 newborns EPA began by consolidating 6550 employees from different agencies into a yearnew agency with a $1.<ref>[http://news4 billion budget.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080208/ap_on_go_ot/epa_mercury_pollution Court strikes down EPA's plan on mercury ]</ref>

==Global Warming==The EPA has ruled that CO₂ is a health hazard and it is widely anticipated Russell (1997) shows that from 1970 to 1993, the ruling will lead EPA devoted more of its resources to legislation human health issues, notably cancer prevention, than to control greenhouse gas emissionsthe protection of nonhuman species. The Competitive Enterprise Institute reported findings that countered EPA claimslimited scope of environmental protection was due to a variety of reasons. An institutional culture favored human health issues because most employees were trained in this area. The report was suppressed emphasis on cancer came from public knowledge and the likely reason was politically motivated.<ref>[http://cei.org/cei_files/fm/active/0/Endangerment%20Comments%206-23-09legal division's discovery that judges were more persuaded by arguments about the carcinogenicity of chemicals than by threats to nonhumans.pdf EPA’s Proposed Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) The views of the Clean Air Act] Competitive Enterprise Institute</ref>===DDT===An influential early act of agency leaders, who followed politically realistic courses, also played an important part in shaping the EPA was to ban [[DDT]] 's direction. Those supporting ecological issues acquired a new tool in the U.S. The reason was 1980s with the development of risk assessments so that advocates of ecological protection could use language framed by advocates of human health to protect numerous bird species and the harmless insects on which they depend for foodenvironment.

==HistoryBudget==Kraft (Since 2000) examines the rise and evolution of environmental politics since the 1960sbudget has held fairly steady at $7. Originating as a movement built around the conservation of natural resources and an attempt 6 to stave off $8.4 billion (with no adjustment for inflation). In terms of objectives, 13% is budgeted for clean airand global climate change, 36% for clean and safe water, and 24% for land pollutionpreservation and restoration, environmentalism evolved into 17% for healthy communities and ecosystems, and 11% for compliance and environmental stewardship.<ref>See [http://www.epa.gov/budget/2009/final_09_bib%20.pdf 2009 EPA Budget]</ref> In 2008 it has a much more sophisticated control regimestaff of about 18, one that employed 000 people in headquarters and departmental or divisional offices, 10 regional offices, and over 25 laboratories located across the Environmental Protection Agency to slow nation. More than half of the staff are engineers, scientists and environmental degradationprotection specialists. The others include legal counsel, financial, public affairs and computer specialists.

President [[Richard Nixon]], on July 9, 1970, told Congress of his plan to create the ==Global Warming==The EPA by combining parts of three federal departments, three bureaus, three administrations has ruled that CO₂ is a health hazard and many other offices into it is widely anticipated that the new single, independent agency ruling will lead to be known as the Environmental Protection Agencylegislation to control greenhouse gas emissions. By the law at the time, Congress had 60 days to reject the proposal, but opinion The Competitive Enterprise Institute reported findings that countered EPA claims. The report was favorable suppressed from public knowledge and the reorganization took place without legislationlikely reason was politically motivated.<ref>[http://cei. On December 2, 1970, the EPA was officially established org/cei_files/fm/active/0/Endangerment%20Comments%206-23-09.pdf EPA’s Proposed Endangerment and began operation Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under director William Ruckelshaus. The EPA began by consolidating 6550 employees from different agencies into Section 202(a new agency with a $1.4 billion budget. ) of the Clean Air Act] Competitive Enterprise Institute</ref>

Kraft (2000) notes ==Greenhouse gases==In December 2009 the EPA officially declared that despite its limited charter from 1970six greenhouse gases, over time EPA has expanded its regulatory function and jousted with including carbon dioxide, "threaten the forces of business health and economic developmentwelfare of the American people". Kraft considers The decision could open the next major transition in environmental policy way for the [[Obama administration]] to be impose its own curbs on emissions, although Congress may have the process of insuring final say.  On April 2, 2007, the "sustainability" of resources through [[Supreme Court]] ruled that the EPA has the authority to regulate [[greenhouse gas]] emissions. This was a coalition of interests ranging from policymakers rebuke to business leadersthe [[George W. Bush|Bush]] administration, scholarswhich had called for voluntary reduction of the gases.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007Apr02/0, and individual citizens4670,ScotusGreenhouseGases,00. At html Fox News: High Court Rebukes Bush on Car Pollution]</ref> ==Mercury==On 8 February 2008, a federal appeals court struck down a [[mercury]]-control plan imposed by the turn of Environmental Protection Agency. The court ruled that the 21st centuryBush administration ignored the law when it imposed less stringent requirements on power plants to reduce mercury pollution, these often competing groups were wrestling with disparate environmental, economicwhich scientists fear could cause neurological problems in 60, 000 newborns a year.<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080208/ap_on_go_ot/epa_mercury_pollution Court strikes down EPA's plan on mercury ]</ref>  ==DDT==An influential early act of the EPA was to ban [[DDT]] in the U.S. The reason given was to protect numerous bird species and social valuesthe harmless insects on which they depend for food.

* DeLong, James. ''Out of Bounds and Out of Control: Regulatory Enforcement at the EPA'' (2002) 100pp; libertarian critique [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Out-Bounds-Control-Regulatory-Enforcement/dp/1930865309/ref=pd_cp_b_1 excerpt and text search]

* Kamieniecki, Sheldon, and Michael E. Kraft. ''Business and Environmental Policy: Corporate Interests in the American Political System'' (2007) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Business-Environmental-Policy-Corporate-Comparative/dp/0262612186/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1204540076&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]

* Landry, Marc K. et al., eds. ''The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions: From Nixon to Clinton'' (1994) case studies on the Ozone Standard, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Clean Air Act (and its impact on the steel industry), the Superfund, Cancer Policy [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Environmental-Protection-Agency-Questions-Clinton/dp/0195086732/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1260468941&sr=8-2#noop excerpt and text search]

* Plater, Zygmunt, et al. '' Environmental Law and Policy: Nature, Law, and Society'' (3rd ed. 2004), 1440pp legal cases [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Environmental-Law-Policy-Nature-Society/dp/0735541434/ref=sip_rech_dp_4 excerpt and text search]

* [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Environmental-Protection-Agency-Questions-Clinton/dp/book-citations/0195086732/ref=sid_dp_av?ie=UTF8&citeType=cited#cited additional books]

* httphttps://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/01/31/despite-court-ruling-epa-raises-biofuel-estimate/