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At a more advanced level Germans have contributed to a numerous areas in American culture and technology. [[Baron von Steuben]], a former Prussian general staff captain, led the reorganization and training of the Continental Army during the [[American Revolution]]. [[Carl Schurz]] helped found the Republican party, while most Germans voted Democratic.
At a more advanced level Germans have contributed to a numerous areas in American culture and technology. [[Baron von Steuben]], a former Prussian general staff captain, led the reorganization and training of the Continental Army during the [[American Revolution]]. [[Carl Schurz]] helped found the Republican party, while most Germans voted Democratic.
After the Nazis came to power in 1933 thousands of scientists, artists, intellectuals and scholars fled to the U.S. The most famous was [[Albert Einstein]]. After World War II, [[Wernher von Braun]], and most of the leading engineers from the former German V-2 rocket project were brought to the U.S. They took the lead in designing military rockets, as well as of rockets for the [[NASA]] space program. Three highly influential intellectuals were diplomat [[Henry Kissinger]] and political philosophers Hannah Arendt and Leo Strauss; Strauss was the founder of the [[Neoconservative]] movement.<ref>Peter Graf Kielmansegg, Horst Mewes, and Elisabeth Glaser-Schmidt, ''German Émigrés and American Political Thought after World War II'' (1997) [http://www.amazon.com/Hannah-Arendt-Leo-Strauss-Publications/dp/0521599369/ref=sr_1_27?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207854178&sr=1-27 excerpt and text search]</ref>
After the Nazis came to power in 1933 thousands of scientists, artists, intellectuals and scholars fled to the U.S. The most famous was [[Albert Einstein]]. After World War II, [[Wernher von Braun]], and most of the leading engineers from the former German V-2 rocket project were brought to the U.S. They took the lead in designing military rockets, as well as of rockets for the [[NASA]] space program. Three highly influential intellectuals were diplomat [[Henry Kissinger]] and political philosophers Hannah Arendt and Leo Strauss; Strauss was the founder of the [[Neoconservative]] movement.<ref>Peter Graf Kielmansegg, Horst Mewes, and Elisabeth Glaser-Schmidt, ''German Émigrés and American Political Thought after World War II'' (1997) [https://www.amazon.com/Hannah-Arendt-Leo-Strauss-Publications/dp/0521599369/ref=sr_1_27?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207854178&sr=1-27 excerpt and text search]</ref>
==World War I==
==World War I==
see the detailed guide at the Bibliography below
see the detailed guide at the Bibliography below
* Thernstrom, Stephan ed. ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups,'' (1980). [http://www.amazon.com/Harvard-Encyclopedia-American-Ethnic-Groups/dp/0674375122/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208115526&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Thernstrom, Stephan ed. ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups,'' (1980). [https://www.amazon.com/Harvard-Encyclopedia-American-Ethnic-Groups/dp/0674375122/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208115526&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
** articles by Frederick C. Luebke, "Austrians," pp. 164–171; Kathleen Neils Conzen, "Germans," pp. 405–425; La Vern J. Rippley, "Germans from Russia," pp. 425–430; Arthur A. Goren, "Jews," pp. 571–598, esp. 576-579; Don Yoder, "Pennsylvania Germans," pp. 770–772; Leo Schelbert, "Swiss," pp. 981–987.
** articles by Frederick C. Luebke, "Austrians," pp. 164–171; Kathleen Neils Conzen, "Germans," pp. 405–425; La Vern J. Rippley, "Germans from Russia," pp. 425–430; Arthur A. Goren, "Jews," pp. 571–598, esp. 576-579; Don Yoder, "Pennsylvania Germans," pp. 770–772; Leo Schelbert, "Swiss," pp. 981–987.
* Barrick, Mac E., ed. ''German-American Folklore.''(1987). 264 pp.
* Barrick, Mac E., ed. ''German-American Folklore.''(1987). 264 pp.
* O'Connor, Richard. ''German-Americans: an Informal History''. (1968), popular
* O'Connor, Richard. ''German-Americans: an Informal History''. (1968), popular
* Shaw, Stephen J. ''The Catholic Parish as a Way-Station of Ethnicity and Americanization: Chicago's Germans and Italians, 1903-1939.'' (1991). 206 pp.
* Shaw, Stephen J. ''The Catholic Parish as a Way-Station of Ethnicity and Americanization: Chicago's Germans and Italians, 1903-1939.'' (1991). 206 pp.
* Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. ''The German-American Experience'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/German-American-Experience-Don-Heinrich-Tolzmann/dp/1573927317/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207853079&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. ''The German-American Experience'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/German-American-Experience-Don-Heinrich-Tolzmann/dp/1573927317/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207853079&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Trommler, Frank, and Joseph McVeigh, eds. ''America and the Germans: An Assessment of a Three-Hundred-Year History.'' (2 vols. 1985). 745pp
* Trommler, Frank, and Joseph McVeigh, eds. ''America and the Germans: An Assessment of a Three-Hundred-Year History.'' (2 vols. 1985). 745pp
* Wittke, Carl. ''We Who Built America: The Saga of the Immigrant'' (1939), ch 6, 9 [http://www.questia.com/library/book/we-who-built-america-the-saga-of-the-immigrant-by-carl-wittke.jsp online edition]
* Wittke, Carl. ''We Who Built America: The Saga of the Immigrant'' (1939), ch 6, 9 [http://www.questia.com/library/book/we-who-built-america-the-saga-of-the-immigrant-by-carl-wittke.jsp online edition]
* Engle, Stephen D. ''Yankee Dutchman: The Life of Franz Sigel.'' (1993). 416 pp.
* Engle, Stephen D. ''Yankee Dutchman: The Life of Franz Sigel.'' (1993). 416 pp.
* Faust, Albert Bernhardt. ''The German Element in the United States with Special Reference to Its Political, Moral, Social, and Educational Influence'' 2 vol (1909) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-german-element-in-the-united-states-with-special-reference-to-its-political-moral-social-and-educational-influence-vol-ii-by-albert-faust-bernhardt.jsp online edition]; [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:701175 online from Harvard]
* Faust, Albert Bernhardt. ''The German Element in the United States with Special Reference to Its Political, Moral, Social, and Educational Influence'' 2 vol (1909) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-german-element-in-the-united-states-with-special-reference-to-its-political-moral-social-and-educational-influence-vol-ii-by-albert-faust-bernhardt.jsp online edition]; [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:701175 online from Harvard]
* Gross, Ruth V., ed. ''Traveling Between Worlds: German-American Encounters'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Traveling-Between-Worlds-German-American-Encounters/dp/1585444782/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207855396&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search]
* Gross, Ruth V., ed. ''Traveling Between Worlds: German-American Encounters'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Traveling-Between-Worlds-German-American-Encounters/dp/1585444782/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207855396&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search]
* Hegi, Ursula. ''Tearing the Silence: On Being German in America'' (1997).
* Hegi, Ursula. ''Tearing the Silence: On Being German in America'' (1997).
* Helbich, Wolfgang, and Walter D. Kamphoefner, eds. ''German-American Immigration and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective.'' Madison: Max Kade Institute for German-American Studies, 2004. 370 pp. ISBN 978-0-924119-18-7.
* Helbich, Wolfgang, and Walter D. Kamphoefner, eds. ''German-American Immigration and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective.'' Madison: Max Kade Institute for German-American Studies, 2004. 370 pp. ISBN 978-0-924119-18-7.
* Shore, Elliott; Fones-Wolf, Ken; and Dankey, James P. ''The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940.'' (1992). 247 pp.
* Shore, Elliott; Fones-Wolf, Ken; and Dankey, James P. ''The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940.'' (1992). 247 pp.
* Tatlock, Lynne and Matt Erlin, eds. ''German Culture in Nineteenth-Century America: Reception, Adaptation, Transformation'' (2005)
* Tatlock, Lynne and Matt Erlin, eds. ''German Culture in Nineteenth-Century America: Reception, Adaptation, Transformation'' (2005)
* Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. ''The German-American Experience'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/German-American-Experience-Don-Heinrich-Tolzmann/dp/1573927317/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207853079&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. ''The German-American Experience'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/German-American-Experience-Don-Heinrich-Tolzmann/dp/1573927317/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207853079&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Trefousse, Hans L., ed. ''Germany and America: Essays on Problems of International Relations and Immigration'' (1980).
* Trefousse, Hans L., ed. ''Germany and America: Essays on Problems of International Relations and Immigration'' (1980).
* Trommler, Frank, and Joseph McVeigh, eds. ''America and the Germans: An Assessment of a Three-Hundred-Year History.'' (2 vols. 1985). 745pp
* Trommler, Frank, and Joseph McVeigh, eds. ''America and the Germans: An Assessment of a Three-Hundred-Year History.'' (2 vols. 1985). 745pp
* Jordon, Terry G. ''Germans," [http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/png2.html ''Handbook of Texas Online'' (2006)]
* Jordon, Terry G. ''Germans," [http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/png2.html ''Handbook of Texas Online'' (2006)]
* Kamphoefner, Walter. ''The Westfalians: From Germany to Missouri'' (1987).
* Kamphoefner, Walter. ''The Westfalians: From Germany to Missouri'' (1987).
* Kazal, Russell A. ''Becoming Old Stock: The Paradox of German-American Identity'' (2004) ethnicity and assimilation in 20c Philadelphia [http://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Old-Stock-German-American-Identity/dp/0691050155/ref=sr_1_20?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207853177&sr=1-20 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=148071136821726 online review]
* Kazal, Russell A. ''Becoming Old Stock: The Paradox of German-American Identity'' (2004) ethnicity and assimilation in 20c Philadelphia [https://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Old-Stock-German-American-Identity/dp/0691050155/ref=sr_1_20?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207853177&sr=1-20 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=148071136821726 online review]
* Kazal, Russell A. "The Interwar Origins of the White Ethnic: Race, Residence, and German Philadelphia, 1917-1939." ''Journal of American Ethnic History'' 2004 23(4): 78-131. Issn: 0278-5927 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]
* Kazal, Russell A. "The Interwar Origins of the White Ethnic: Race, Residence, and German Philadelphia, 1917-1939." ''Journal of American Ethnic History'' 2004 23(4): 78-131. Issn: 0278-5927 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]
* Keil, Hartmuth, and John B. Jentz, eds. ''German Workers in Industrial Chicago, 1850-1910: A Comparative Perspective'' (1983). 252pp
* Keil, Hartmuth, and John B. Jentz, eds. ''German Workers in Industrial Chicago, 1850-1910: A Comparative Perspective'' (1983). 252pp
* Probst, George Theodore. ''The Germans in Indianapolis, 1840-1918.'' (1989). 200 pp.
* Probst, George Theodore. ''The Germans in Indianapolis, 1840-1918.'' (1989). 200 pp.
* Schneider, Dorothee. ''Trade Unions and Community: The German Working Class in New York City, 1870-1900.'' (1994). 273 pp.
* Schneider, Dorothee. ''Trade Unions and Community: The German Working Class in New York City, 1870-1900.'' (1994). 273 pp.
* Stenzel, Bryce O. ''German immigration to the Minnesota river valley frontier, 1852- 1865: wir stammten aus Deutschland nach hausen Minnesota'' (2002), 119pp [http://www.amazon.com/German-immigration-Minnesota-valley-frontier/dp/097131683X/ref=pd_sim_b_title_1 excerpt and text search]
* Stenzel, Bryce O. ''German immigration to the Minnesota river valley frontier, 1852- 1865: wir stammten aus Deutschland nach hausen Minnesota'' (2002), 119pp [https://www.amazon.com/German-immigration-Minnesota-valley-frontier/dp/097131683X/ref=pd_sim_b_title_1 excerpt and text search]
* Struve, Walter. ''Germans and Texas: Commerce, Migration, and Culture in the Days of the Lone Star Republic'' (1996).
* Struve, Walter. ''Germans and Texas: Commerce, Migration, and Culture in the Days of the Lone Star Republic'' (1996).
* Tischauser, Leslie V. ''The Burden of Ethnicity The German Question in Chicago, 1914–1941'' (1990).
* Tischauser, Leslie V. ''The Burden of Ethnicity The German Question in Chicago, 1914–1941'' (1990).