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There are at least three known scripts which were used by Hungarians during their history.<ref>Hosszú, Gábor (2011): Heritage of Scribes. The Rovas Scripts’ Relations to Eurasian Writing Systems. First edition. Budapest, ISBN 978-963-88437-4-6</ref> Their scripts are called Rovas Scripts. The comprehensive view of the Rovas alphabets was introduced first at the end of the twentieth century by the archaeologist-historian Gábor Vékony.<ref>Vékony, Gábor (1987): Későnépvándorláskori rovásfeliratok a Kárpát-medencében [Rovas inscriptions from the Late Migration Period in the Carpathian Basin]. Szombathely-Budapest: Életünk szerkesztősége. ISBN: 978-963-025-132-7</ref> He gave transcriptions of [[Carpathian Basin Rovas]] and [[Khazarian Rovas]] inscriptions by using Rovas alphabets cognate to each other.<ref>Vékony, Gábor (2004): A székely írás emlékei, kapcsolatai, története [The Relics, Relations and the History of the Szekely Script]. Budapest: Nap Kiadó. ISBN 963 9402 45 1</ref> The close relation of Carpathian Basin Rovas to [[Szekely-Hungarian Rovas]] has been shown by Gyula Németh in 1932.<ref>Németh, Gyula (1932): A nagyszentmiklósi kincs feliratai [The inscriptions of the Nagyszentmiklós treasure], In: Magyar Nyelv [Hungarian Language]. Vol. XXVIII, No. 3-6, 1932, pp. 65-85 and 129-139</ref> Moreover, according to the archaeologist-historian István Erdélyi the Khazarian Rovas is related to Carpathian Basin Rovas and Szekely-Hungarian Rovas.<ref>Erdélyi, István (1982): Az avarság és Kelet a régészeti források tükrében [The Avars and the East in the mirror of the archaeological sources]. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó [Publisher of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences], ISBN 963 05 2705 7</ref>
There are at least three known scripts which were used by [[Hungarian]]s during their history.<ref>Hosszú, Gábor (2011): Heritage of Scribes. The Rovas Scripts’ Relations to Eurasian Writing Systems. First edition. Budapest, ISBN 978-963-88437-4-6</ref> Their scripts are called Rovas Scripts. The comprehensive view of the Rovas alphabets was introduced first at the end of the twentieth century by the archaeologist-historian Gábor Vékony.<ref>Vékony, Gábor (1987): Későnépvándorláskori rovásfeliratok a Kárpát-medencében [Rovas inscriptions from the Late Migration Period in the Carpathian Basin]. Szombathely-Budapest: Életünk szerkesztősége. ISBN 978-963-025-132-7</ref> He gave transcriptions of [[Carpathian Basin Rovas]] and [[Steppean Rovas]] inscriptions by using Rovas alphabets cognate to each other.<ref>Vékony, Gábor (2004): A székely írás emlékei, kapcsolatai, története [The Relics, Relations and the History of the Szekely Script]. Budapest: Nap Kiadó. ISBN 963 9402 45 1</ref> The close relation of Carpathian Basin Rovas to [[Szekely-Hungarian Rovas]] has been shown by Gyula Németh in 1932.<ref>Németh, Gyula (1932): A nagyszentmiklósi kincs feliratai [The inscriptions of the Nagyszentmiklós treasure], In: Magyar Nyelv [Hungarian Language]. Vol. XXVIII, No. 3-6, 1932, pp. 65-85 and 129-139</ref> Moreover, according to the archaeologist-historian István Erdélyi the Steppean Rovas is related to Carpathian Basin Rovas and Szekely-Hungarian Rovas.<ref>Erdélyi, István (1982): Az avarság és Kelet a régészeti források tükrében [The Avars and the East in the mirror of the archaeological sources]. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó [Publisher of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences], ISBN 963 05 2705 7</ref>
==The members of Rovas Script Family==
Each of these scripts are described in details in their appropriate articles. In this section, only some general, comprehensive features and comparisons should be presented.
In the middle of the [[20th century]], the scholars believed that this is a medieval writing system derived from the [[Old Turkic script]] used to write [[Old Hungarian|the medieval version of the Hungarian language]].<ref>In Hungary, the Old Hungarian period of the Hungarian language is not considered as a quasi-individual language, since the difference is small between the current Hungarian and the medieval Hungarian</ref><ref>Németh, Gyula (1917-1920): A régi magyar írás eredete [The origin of the ancient Hungarian script]. In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények, vol. XLV, pp. 31–44</ref> However, in the last decades of the [[20th century]], several new Rovas relics were explored by the archaeologists.<ref>Erdélyi, István and Ráduly, János (2010): A Kárpát-medence rovásfeliratos emlékei a Kr. u. 17. századig [The relics of the Carpathian Basin with Rovas inscriptions up to the 17th century]. Ed. István Erdélyi. Budapest: Masszi Kiadó</ref> Based on these, the Hungarian scholars were able to decipher some inscriptions, including the Rovas scripts of the Nagyszentmiklós Golden Treasure and the newly explored Szarvas relic.<ref>Juhász, Irén (1983): Ein Avarenzeitlicher Nadelbehälter mit Kerbschrift aus Szarvas. In: Acta Acheologica 35, p. 34</ref><ref>Vékony, Gábor (1987): Spätvölkerwanderungszeitliche Kerbinschriften im Karpatenbecken. In: Acta Acheologica Hungarica. Vol. 39, pp. 211-256</ref> Based on these, the view of the Rovas scripts significantly changed.
== Opinions of scholars ==
A number of officially acknowledges researchers have already agreed in the strong relation of the '''Rovas scripts'''. Some of them are the followings:
* The archaeologist-historian '''István Erdélyi''' (doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) showed that the Steppean Rovas is related to CBR and SHR.<ref>Erdélyi, István (1982): Az avarság és Kelet a régészeti források tükrében [The Avars and the East in the mirror of the archaeological sources]. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó [Publisher of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences], ISBN 963 05 2705 7</ref>
* The close relation of CBR to SHR has been shown by linguist '''Gyula Németh''' in 1932.<ref>Németh, Gyula (1932): A nagyszentmiklósi kincs feliratai [The inscriptions of the Nagyszentmiklós treasure], In: Magyar Nyelv [Hungarian Language]. Vol. XXVIII, No. 3-6, 1932, pp. 65-85 and 129-139</ref>
* '''András Róna-Tas''' Turkologist (member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences): According to him, the Bodrog-Alsóbű Szekely-Hungarian Rovas relic is an important chain between the East-European scripts and the [[Szekely-Hungarian Rovas|Szekely script]].<ref>Magyar Kálmán (2001): Szent István államszervezésének régészeti emlékei, Kaposvár-Segesd: Local Government of Segesd</ref>
* '''Klára Sándor''' linguist (PhD)<ref>Sándor Klára (1992a, ed.), Rovásírás a Kárpát-medencében. Library of the Hungarian Ancient History 4. Szeged: József Attila University of Sciences, Department of Altayistics</ref>
* The comprehensive view of the Rovas alphabets was introduced first at the end of the twentieth century by the archaeologist-historian '''Gábor Vékony''' (1944-2004) PhD, Assoc. Prof. of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest.<ref>Vékony, Gábor (1987): Későnépvándorláskori rovásfeliratok a Kárpát-medencében [Rovas inscriptions from the Late Migration Period in the Carpathian Basin]. Szombathely-Budapest: Életünk szerkesztősége. ISBN 978-963-025-132-7</ref> He gave transcriptions of CBR and KR inscriptions by using Rovas alphabets cognate to each other.<ref>Vékony, Gábor (2004): A székely írás emlékei, kapcsolatai, története [The Relics, Relations and the History of the Szekely Script]. Budapest: Nap Kiadó. ISBN 963 9402 45 1</ref>
===[[Carpathian Basin Rovas|Carpathian Basin Rovas script]]===
* Its first relic is from the last third of the 7th century.
* Periods of use:
** Original use between the 8th century and the 11th century
** Revitalized in 2009
===[[Steppean Rovas|Steppean Rovas script]]===
* Its first relic is from the 7th century.
* Periods of use:
** Between the 8th century and the 11th or 13th century
===[[Szekely-Hungarian Rovas|Szekely-Hungarian Rovas script]]===
* Its first relic is from around 900.
* Period of use:
** Used continuously from the 8th or 9th century.
** Popular contemporary writing as alternative for Latin-based script
== References ==
== References ==
* Vékony, Gábor (1987): Spätvölkerwanderungszeitliche Kerbinschriften im Karpatenbecken. In: Acta Acheologica Hungarica. Vol. 39, 211-256.
* Erdélyi, István and Ráduly, János (2010): A Kárpát-medence rovásfeliratos emlékei a Kr. u. 17. századig [The relics of the Carpathian Basin with Rovas inscriptions up to the 17th century]. Ed. István Erdélyi. Budapest: Masszi Kiadó. ISBN 978-963-9851-28-3
* Róna-Tas, András (1996): A honfoglaló magyar nép [The landtaking Hungarian nation]. Bevezetés a korai Magyar történelem ismeretébe [Introduction to the knowledge of the early Hungarian history]. Budapest: * Balassi Kiadó, ISBN 963 506 106 4 (Hungarian)
* Gábor Hosszú (2011): ''Heritage of Scribes. The Relation of Rovas Scripts to Eurasian Writing Systems.'' First edition. Budapest: Rovas Foundation, ISBN 978-963-88437-4-6, available in Google Books at http://books.google.hu/books?id=TyK8azCqC34C&pg=PA19
See detailed references on pages of [[Carpathian Basin Rovas]], [[Khazarian Rovas]], [[Szekely-Hungarian Rovas]]
* Juhász, Irén (1983): Ein Avarenzeitlicher Nadelbehälter mit Kerbschrift aus Szarvas. In: Acta Acheologica 35 (1983), p. 34
* Juhász, Irén (1985): A szarvasi avar rovásírásos tűtartó [The Avar need-case of Szarvas with Rovas script]. Magyar Tudomány [Journal of the Hungarian Science], 85:2, pp. 92–95
* Németh, Gyula (1917-1920): A régi magyar írás eredete [The origin of the ancient Hungarian script]. In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények, vol. XLV, pp. 31–44
* Vékony, Gábor (1987): Spätvölkerwanderungszeitliche Kerbinschriften im Karpatenbecken. In: Acta Archeologica Hungarica. Vol. 39, 211-256.
* Róna-Tas, András (1996): A honfoglaló magyar nép [The landtaking Hungarian nation]. Bevezetés a korai Magyar történelem ismeretébe [Introduction to the knowledge of the early Hungarian history]. Budapest: * Balassi Kiadó, ISBN 963 506 106 4
* Family of the Rovas scripts in the RovasPedia: http://wiki.rovas.info/index.php/Rovas_Script_Family
* Rovas Writing Home Page: http://rovasirashonlap.fw.hu
* Rovas Info: http://rovas.info
* Rovaspedia: http://wiki.rovas.info/index.php/Rovas_Script_Family
See detailed references on pages of [[Carpathian Basin Rovas]], and [[Steppean Rovas]]
==Unicode proposals==
* Dr. Gábor Hosszú (Hungarian Standards Institute):[http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4227.pdf Code chart font for Rovas block], National Body Contribution for consideration by UTC and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2, 2012-02-06
* Dr. Hosszú, Gábor (Hungarian Standards Institute) [http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4183.pdf Proposal for encoding the Szekely-Hungarian Rovas, Carpathian Basin Rovas and Khazarian Rovas scripts into the Rovas block in the SMP of the UCS]. National Body Contribution for consideration by UTC and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2, 2011. December 15
== Notes ==
== Notes ==
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[[Category:Writing Systems]][[Category:Alphabets]][[Category:Rovas Scripts]]