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Line 1: − + − This branch from Protestant Biblical Christianity was made prominent by Francis, Brother from Cardinal John Henry Newman]], John Bellett, and Francis Hutchinson who felt that the established Church had become too involved with the secular state and had abandoned many of the basic truths of Christianity. The group began by meeting in households in Ireland, and were dubbed originally as "Providence People" but just after "brethren" because of their practice of calling each other "brother" instead of the titles favoured by other denominations. The first meetings in Dublin were held in 1825 by Edward Cronin. By 1827, Johm Nelson Darby, grandson fron Lord Horatio Nelson and from Lord Darby, and John G. Bellett were attending the meetings; together with his two cousins (the Misses Drury) and Mr Tims, he began to meet in his house in Lower Pembroke Street,this meeting had grown so much that Mr H. Hutchinson offered the use of a larger room at 9 Fitzwilliam Street. By 1830, they were using a large auction room at 11 Aungier Street. The movement soon spread throughout the UK and by 1831, the group assembled in Plymouth, England had over 1,500 members. These members became known as "The brethren from Plymouth" and soon were simply called the "Plymouth Brethren". The group is also known as the Assembly Movement. John Nelson Darby,the famous Pioneer from Homeopathy Doctor [Cronin],Doctor[Wilson],Prized Classicals Researcher from Trinity College in Cambridge University [Gifford Bellett],ex-Quaker [Wills Newton],younger brother from Cardinal John Henry Newman[Newman],creator from Bethesda Orphanage [Müller],Preacher [Miller],Historian [William Benjamin Neatby],writer [F. Roy Coad],sucessor from Evangelist Dwight Lyman Moody [Henry Allen Ironside], [Edmund Hamer Broadbent], [Roy A. Huebner], and [Hutchinson]; who felt that the established Church had become too involved with the secular state and had abandoned many of the basic truths of Christianity. The group began by meeting in households in Ireland, and were dubbed "brethren" because of their practice of calling each other "brother" instead of the titles favoured by other denominations. − The movement soon spread throughout the UK and by 1831, the group assembled in Plymouth, England had over 1,500 members. These members became known as "The brethren from Plymouth" and soon were simply called the "Plymouth Brethren". The group is also known as the Assembly Movement. The term "Darbyites" has also been used, although in a pejorative sense and is uncommon and refers mainly to the Exclusive branch. − The Brethren are divided into "Open", "[Closed]" and "Exclusive" branches. The Exclusive Brethren maintain a very isolationist and traditional view, with many of their children home schooled, a strict smart dress code for church meetings and members commonly self employed or working for Christian organisations. − The Open and Closed Brethren differ on few theological issues and often, no clear distinction is made between the two by the general public. The main difference is in openness to visitors, that is, the Open Brethren allow anyone who is a believer to participate in the Lord's Supper (communion) while the Closed generally require a "letter of commendation" as discussed below. The Closed Brethren also will usually have a back row set up for anyone who does not have this letter so that the individual may observe, however not participate, in the morning meeting.+ − When arriving at one church from another, it is common practice for the leaders to send a "letter of commendation" with the newcomer to inform the new church that they are in fellowship at another assembly and can be allowed to fully participate in all services from the point of their arrival. It is customary to send one of these letters even when only one service will be attended, and individuals often take these letters on holiday when they will be away from their local church and wish to attend another.+ − A second difference between the Open and Closed Brethren is the willingness of association with other Christian churches. While the Open Brethren will often hold Gospel meetings, youth events or other activities with other Evangelical Christian churches, the Closed Brethren support only their individual assembly. A third difference is in the use of instrumental accompaniment during the meetings. While both generally do not use musical instruments during the Lord's Supper, the Open Brethren will have someone play piano, guitar or, although rare, a full worship band accompany the congregation during the other services.+ − In some parts of the world, the Exclusives and Closed are placed together as Closed, while the Exclusives are called Darbyites. Most of those who attend Closed Brethren assemblies are quick to distinguish themselves from the Exclusive Brethren[[1]].+ − The Brethren are divided into "Open", "[Closed]" and "Exclusive" branches. The Exclusive Brethren maintain a very isolationist and traditional view, with many of their children home schooled, a strict smart dress code for church meetings and members commonly self employed or working for Christian organisations.+ − The Open and Closed Brethren differ on few theological issues and often, no clear distinction is made between the two by the general public. The main difference is in openness to visitors, that is, the Open Brethren allow anyone who is a believer to participate in the Lord's Supper (communion) while the Closed generally require a "letter of commendation" as discussed below. The Closed Brethren also will usually have a back row set up for anyone who does not have this letter so that the individual may observe, however not participate, in the morning meeting.+ − When arriving at one church from another, it is common practice for the leaders to send a "letter of commendation" with the newcomer to inform the new church that they are in fellowship at another assembly and can be allowed to fully participate in all services from the point of their arrival. It is customary to send one of these letters even when only one service will be attended, and individuals often take these letters on holiday when they will be away from their local church and wish to attend another.+ − A second difference between the Open and Closed Brethren is the willingness of association with other Christian churches. While the Open Brethren will often hold Gospel meetings, youth events or other activities with other Evangelical Christian churches, the Closed Brethren support only their individual assembly. A third difference is in the use of instrumental accompaniment during the meetings. While both generally do not use musical instruments during the Lord's Supper, the Open Brethren will have someone play piano, guitar or, although rare, a full worship band accompany the congregation during the other services.+ − In anglo-saxon parts of the world, the Exclusives and Closed are placed together as Closed, while these are really omly the Exclusives who are called Darbyites. Most of those who attend Closed Brethren assemblies are quick to distinguish themselves from the Exclusive Brethren[[1]].+ + − + − # 1 Terminology − # 2 Services − * 2.1 Music+ − # 3 Characteristics+ − # 4 History − # 5 Influence − # 6 See also − # 7 External links − * 7.1 Open Brethren+ − * 7.2 Exclusive Brethen − * 7.3 Resources − * 7.4 Booksellers & Publishers − * 7.5 Bibliography − * 7.6 Research libraries − # 8 Terminology+ − # 9 Services − * 9.1 Music+ + − # 10 Characteristics+ − # 11 History+ − # 12 Influence+ − Terminology+ − The Plymouth Brethren are unusual in not recognising a denominational name; they do not generally refer to themselves as "Plymouth Brethren," nor do they regard themselves as a denomination. Thus there is no denominational headquarters and no governing body to whom local assemblies are accountable to. Local assemblies are often informally linked with each other. − The Plymouth Brethren refer to themselves as "the assemblies," and members are called "the brethren," "saints," or "believers." Members are usually aware of the term "Plymouth Brethren" but deny it applies to them since they don't consider themselves a denomination.+ + − A common distinguishing characteristic of a Plymouth Brethren meeting place is an outdoor sign indicating a weekly service set apart for "Breaking of Bread," "The Lord's Supper," or "The Remembrance Meeting," which is how they refer to communion.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − Many Plymouth Brethren assemblies meet in a building called a "Gospel Hall","Evangelical Room", "Gospel Chapel", "Bible Chapel", or "Bible Church".+ − Services+ − + − Sunday services are mostly similar among different congregations, and a distinctive of the Brethren is a separate weekly communion service. This is a solemn affair during which any of the men can, at any time, temporarily lead and direct the service. Women pray silently and sing all hymns but generally do not pray or exort the congregation audibly as this is often seen as violating the order set out in 1 Corinthians 11, 14 and 1 Timothy 2. (A few PB Assemblies in the US allow women to participate verbally in the weekly Breaking of Bread service. These assemblies are seen as "progressive" and may not be well accepted by other more traditional assemblies.)+ − + − The Brethren also have weekly meetings such as a teaching or preaching service. The teaching service of an Open Brethren assembly might resemble that of a conservative, evangelical church such as an Evangelical free church or Baptist church. Other meetings in an assembly include missionary report meetings, and mid-week prayer meetings, and Bible readings or studies. In Open Brethren assemblies there is frequently a Sunday School for children and youth groups for teens. Exclusive Brethren assemblies often meet daily from house to house for Bible readings.+ − + − Music+ − + − During the weekly breaking of bread service, hymns are usually sung unaccompanied by any musical instrument. Hymns sung during the other types of meeting are often accompanied by piano or electronic organ, though this practice varies from place to place. Other musical instruments are used at some assemblies. One of the unifying features in each of the different branches of the Brethren is a common hymnbook. One such hymnbook that dates back to 1856 is called, Hymns for the Little Flock, the first edition of which was compiled by G. V. Wigram.+ − + − Characteristics:+ − The Plymouth Brethren are basically conservative evangelical Christians and are in substantial agreement with other conservative evangelical Christian groups. Their distinction lies in a combination of the doctrinal and practical matters which they teach with special emphasis.+ − + − The Brethren believe in the divine inspiration of the Bible and that the same Bible gives clear instruction about how services of worship are to be held. These instructions include:+ − + − * the primary importance of the weekly communion service+ − * the communion is not led or administered by an individual+ − * the freedom and the responsibility for men to participate in services+ − * the silence of women (whose heads must be covered during meetings of the local church) in most Plymouth Brethren assemblies+ − * the importance of preaching the gospel+ − * the rejection of a separation of believers into clergy and laity classes, and+ − * the plurality of leadership (usually as elders and deacons) as opposed to an ordained, professional clergy class − − Baptism and communion are the only two ordinances. All assemblies adhere to the practise of full immersion baptism, which is required before participation in fellowship. Sharing the exact beliefs of a local assembly may be a necessary condition for fellowship in some local assemblies, though this condition is much less common in "open" assemblies. Some Exclusive Brethen practice infant or household baptism. − History − − Influence: − − The influence of the Plymouth Brethren upon evangelical Christianity exceeds their relatively small numerical proportion. The movement today has many congregations around the world. − − Christian Missions in Many Lands (CMML) in the United States, Missionary Services Committee (MSC) in Canada and Echoes of Service in the United Kingdom, serve as support agencies for Brethren missionaries, helping with logistics and material support. These agencies help to train, equip, and support those sent from local churches. − − The Brethren have been productive writers and publishers including George Cutting's "Safety, Certainty, and Enjoyment" and W.E Vine's "Dictionary of NT Words.". Many leaders of the contemporay evangelical movement have come from Brethren backgrounds including Geoff Tunnicliffe, CEO of the World Evangelical Alliance; Jim Wallis from www.sojo.net; Evangelist Luis Palau from www.lpea.org; the late British scholar F. F. Bruce; Brian McLaren of the emergent church "conversation"; 1950s Auca missionary martyrs Ed McCully, Jim Elliot, and Peter Fleming; Walter Liefeld, NT professor at Trinity Evangelical Seminary; and the late preacher Dr. Harry Ironside. J. N. Darby, one of the original members and perhaps the most well known of the movement, wrote over fifty books and is often credited with the development of the theology of dispensationalism. − == See also == − # 13 See also: − − * Open Brethren − * Exclusive Brethren − * Brethren from 1827 − * Catholic Apostolic Church — founded by Edward Irving and others during the same period as birth of the Plymouth Brethren. − − # 14 External links: − − * 14.1 Open Brethren: − External links: − − Open Brethren: − − * BrethrenPedia :: The Plymouth Brethren Wiki Documenting the history of the brethren movement one assembly at a time − * Bruederbewegung About the Brethren Movement in Germany − * Bible Archive Web Log (blog) system based in the US. − * BrethrenAssembly.Com − * BrethrenAssembly.Com Forum Discussion Forum operated by Indian Brethren. − * Brethren Online.Org − * Emmaus Bible College Brethren Bible College based in the US (Dubuque, IA). − * Kawartha Lakes Bible College Brethren Bible College based in Canada − * Plymouth Brethren Discussion Forum Discussion Forum operated by Canadian Brethren − o Updated list of assemblies :: News, Reviews & Who's Who − * Plymouth Brethren.Org − * Plymouth Brethren.Com − * ShawnCuthill.com - A Canadian web site for PB assemblies − * BibleTruth.net - A portal for PB information for locating and contacting individual assemblies − * GospelHall.org - A conservative Open Brethren forum site − * MSC (Missionary Service Committee) - A Canadian site with an address book of many PB assemblies and overseas missionaries − * CMML (Christian Missions in Many Lands) - A US site with an address book of many PB overseas missionaries − * [2] (Echoes of Service) Uk based missionary service agency − − * 14.2 Closed Brethren: − Closed Brethren − − * Closed Assemblies Venezuela − * Salvation Ministries USA − * Pathways ministries Canada USA Assemblies List − * Brethren News − * Good News Gospel Outreach − * Closed Bible Society − − − * 14.3 Exclusive Brethen: − Exclusive Brethen: − − * The Exclusive Brethren - The only 'Exclusive Brethren' endorsed site − * My Brethren.Org (Exclusive Brethren) − * Brethren from 1827 − − * 14.4 Resources: − Resources − − * Precious Seed Magazine − * Truth & Tidings Magazine − * Uplook Magazine − * Voices For Christ Audio Sermons − * Words in Season Magazine − * Bible Truth Publishers − * The Bible Centre − * The Brethren Writers' Hall of Fame — a biographical gallery of several prominent writers from the Plymouth Brethren and several others who had similar views. − * THE CHRISTIAN magazine − − * 14.5 Booksellers & Publishers: − Booksellers & Publishers − − * Gospel Folio − * John Ritchie, LTD − * Pilkington and Sons − * Loizeaux Brothers, 3301C Route 66, Neptune, NJ 07753 USA, Telephone: 1-732-918-2626 − * Christian Year Publications, The Glebe House, Stanton Drew, Bristol BS39 4EH. Tel 0044 1275 332475. − * Walterick Publishing Ministeries, INC., 6549 State Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66102 Fax 913 334 0153 [3] − * Bible Study Center, c/o Floyd Pierce, P.O. Box 3841, Springfield, Illinois, USA 62708-3841, Telephone (217) 544-7419 e mail: fpierce@ameritech.net − * Scripture Truth Publications in Northumberland, UK. − * Stem Publishing — a source of Brethren writings in electronic media. − * Bible Truth Publishers > [4] − * Christian Year Publications, The Glebe House, Stanton Drew, Bristol UK, BS39 4EH − − * 14.6 Bibliography: − Bibliography: − − * Adams, Norman - Goodbye, Beloved Brethren. (1972, Impulse Publications Inc) ISBN 0901311138 − * Coad, F. Roy - A History of the Brethren Movement: Its Origins, Its Worldwide Development and Its Significance for the Present Day. (2001, Regent College Publishing) ISBN 1573831832 − * Ironside, H. A. - Historical Sketch of the Brethren Movement. (1985,Loizeaux Brothers) ISBN 0872133443 − * Neatby, William Blair - A History of the Plymouth Brethren, (1901); Reprinted by Tentmaker Publications [5] covers the first seventy years of the Brethren movement. − * Pickering, Henry, Chief Men Among the Brethren, (1st ed. 1918 London: Pickering & Inglis), Loizeaux Brothers, Inc. Neptune, NJ, 1996, ISBN 0872137988 − * Smith, Natan Dylan. - Roots, Renewal and the Brethren. (1996, Hope Publishing House) ISBN 0932727085 − * Strauch, Alexander. - Biblical Eldership: An Urgent Call to Restore Biblical Church Leadership. (1995, Lewis & Roth Publishers) ISBN 0936083115 − * Stunt, Timothy C. F., From awakening to secession : radical evangelicals in Switzerland and Britain, 1815-35, Edinburgh : T&T Clark, 2000, ISBN 0567087190 − − * 14.7 Research libraries: − Research libraries − − * Christian Brethren Collection at the The John Rylands University Library of Manchester University − − Categories: − − *[[Christianity in Conservapedia]] −
added See also, with *Infant baptism *Essay: Water baptism cannot save, the Church cannot save, Born again by faith alone
The '''Plymouth Brethren''' is a spiritually conservative, Trasitionalist, Fundamentalist, Classical Evangelical Christian restorationist movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland, in the late 1820s.[1][2] The title, "The Brethren," is one that many of their number are comfortable with, in that the Bible designates all believers as, "brethren." Christians meeting in "Brethren assemblies," are commonly perceived as being divided into 2 branches, but really them are divided into 9 branches(subdivided in another 5 sub-groups), "Open", "Closed", "Exclusive" and Exclusivists/Jimmies branches. The Exclusive Brethren maintain a very isolationist and traditional view, with many of their children home schooled, a very strict smart dress code for church meetings and members commonly self employed or working for Christian organisations.the "Open Brethren", "Closed Brethren" and the "Exclusive Brethren."[3]which arose in the 1820s in which a return to [[New Testament]] church beliefs and practices were its aim.
The '''Plymouth Brethren''' or '''Christian Brethren''' is a small Protestant denomination which arose in Britain in the 1820s with the goal of returning to the beliefs and practices of the New Testament church. The structure of the Brethren denomination (speaking in generalization) is designed to replicate as accurately as possible the organization of the Pauline Christian Church. In this sense, with a caveat for the exclusives, the emphasis on organization is on locally founded and locally organized assemblies of bible believing and bible practicing Christians. This facet of the movement has made writing about it very difficult, as each locally organized assembly determines in theory its own doctrine and day to day matters. Generally speaking the denomination is loosely organized and does not have ordained clergy; the three main groupings are the "Open Brethren", "Closed Brethren" and "Exclusive Brethren", which due to the lack of doctrinal standardization refers largely to Communion practice, an early splitting point for brethren.
Well known brethren include [[John Nelson Darby]], [[George Müller]], [[R.C. Chapman]], [[Jim Elliot]], [[William MacDonald]], and [[Dave Hunt]].
They are best known for devising the theory of [[Dispensationalism]], especially as formulated by Anglican priest [[John Nelson Darby]], later the founder of the "Exclusive" grouping. This theory became a core belief of [[Fundamentalism]] in the 20th century.
In 2005 one of the denominations, likely the 'Open' one, reported 86,000 members and 600 clergy in the United States. They do not ordain their clergy. Since 1941 it operates Emmaus Bible College, which since 1984 has been located in Dubuque, Iowa.
== Defining Characteristics ==
With the caveats of the above, there are essentially six defining features of any given brethren congregations. Anti-clericalism and/or anti-churchism, the rejection of the concept of membership in a congregation, celebration of a weekly ceremony commemorating the Lord's death, separation of roles for men and women in the meeting and outside the meeting, absolutely non professionalization of ministers (there are no ministers per the proper definition of the term) and the rejection of charismatic gifts (cessationist position).
A brief explanation of each is necessary.
Anti-Clericalism/Anti-Churchism means that in the Brethren meeting there are no statues, no paintings, no musical accompaniment, nothing to tie the meeting of the local Christians to the ritualistic practices of the denominational church. In Brethren jargon, church refers not to the building or the denomination, rather it revers to the universal body of Christians unified by their profession of faith in their salvation obtained through the grace and mercy of the resurrected Christ.
Following said point, the congregation of believers rejects the concept of membership in the church and membership in any particular faction or congregation. Rather Brethren jargon prefers the word "fellowship." Entering a brethren congregation is styled as entering into fellowship with the Christian body in that particular area.
There is typically a weekly ceremony where the two emblems of bread and wine are sent throughout the body. This is where most congregations differ - some say that any professing salvation may take part in the ritual, others say that only those approved by the church body or a middle ground solution, bearing letters of recommendation from the congregation leaders which are styled as Elders and are typically selected by the congregation from the most learned and Christ centered men. Generally during this meeting an offering plate or box or bag is sent around, but only those in fellowship may contribute, and only to the amount they feel required of them; tithing is regarded as churchist and applying only to the dispensation existing between God and Israel.
Men and women are separate in all matters. Women were created to help men, but this does not imply a relationship of inferiority, rather a differed relationship. Women are housewives, child bearers; women are noted for their quiet worship and subdued nature rather than men who are noted for risk taking and providing. Therefore, generally it is wished that a woman shall stay home and watch the children produced by a marriage. Generally speaking women do not speak during the meetings.
Open Brethren remain affiliated with one another, mostly through common support of missionaries, area conferences, and the ministry of traveling preachers. Over the years, they have come to resemble Protestant evangelical churches in doctrine, except that there are no officially recognized clergy and the Lord's Supper is observed weekly - both of which are common to Open, Closed and Exclusive groups alike.
Ministers (in the Open Brethren) are styled workers and are selected from the body of the men in any given congregation according to their gifts for learning and speaking. There is no formal school to produce or accredit them, there is no salary. Ministers live at the bequest of individual congregations which may support their work to the manner they choose. Generally Ministers live very well.
Exclusive Brethren do not maintain a clergy and do not operate in a hierarchy like the Open division does.
Finally, there are no charismatic gifts in the congregation. When the canon of scripture was completed with the Book of Revelation, the outpouring of Charismatic gifts ended.
There are about 100,000 members in Britain.
When 'Brethren' are referred to in the press it is generally in reference to the 'Exclusive' group. Worldwide there are about 46,000 Exclusive Brethren, mostly in the [[UK]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] but also with congregations in the USA, [[Europe]] and [[Argentina]]. The term 'Exclusive' Brethren is in fact regarded derogatory by the Brethren as it is based on the false belief that members of the 'Exclusive' group are not permitted any contact with the outside world. The 'Exclusive Brethren' prefer to be known as the 'Plymouth Brethren Christian Church'.<ref>[http://www.plymouthbrethrenchristianchurch.org/faqs/family-communitydo-pbcc-members-socialise-with-people-outside-of-the-church/ From the official Exclusive Brethren website]</ref>
Dr. [[William Lane Craig]] said of the Brethren:
{{cquote|"In fact, I would say that of the churches that I’ve worshiped in the one that would probably have the most plausible claim to be like the New Testament church would be the Brethren. When we were in England, we worshiped at a Plymouth Brethren church. In these churches there was no appointed minister who would preach every Sunday. Instead there were elders. Anyone could stand up during the service and share a song or a Scripture reading or give an exhortation. It sounded very much like the kind of worship service that you have in 1 Corinthians 12 to 14 where various prophets would get up and speak and the others would weigh what is said. That sort of worship service to me probably comes closest to what was going on in the New Testament in these local communities where there were no professional clergy and there were just local Christian groups that would meet together."<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the-bible-answer-man-embraces-orthodoxy#ixzz4p75djla0 Reasonable Faith Podcast: The Bible Answer Man Embraces Orthodoxy]</ref>}}
==See also==
*[[Pietism]]
*[[Infant baptism]]
*[[Essay: Water baptism cannot save, the Church cannot save, Born again by faith alone]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.believershome.com/html/christian_brethren.html Homepage]
* [http://web.singnet.com.sg/~syeec/literature/brethren.html F. F. Bruce, "Who are the Brethren?"]
==External links==
===Open Brethren===
* [http://www.BrethrenPedia.org BrethrenPedia] :The Plymouth Brethren Wiki Documenting the history of the brethren movement one assembly at a time
* Bruederbewegung About the Brethren Movement in Germany
* Bible Archive Web Log (blog) system based in the US.
* BrethrenAssembly.Com
* BrethrenAssembly.Com Forum Discussion Forum operated by Indian Brethren.
* Brethren Online.Org
* Emmaus Bible College Brethren Bible College based in the US (Dubuque, IA).
* Kawartha Lakes Bible College Brethren Bible College based in Canada
* Plymouth Brethren Discussion Forum Discussion Forum operated by Canadian Brethren
* Updated list of assemblies :: News, Reviews & Who's Who
*Plymouth Brethren.Org
* Plymouth Brethren.Com
* ShawnCuthill.com - A Canadian web site for PB assemblies
* BibleTruth.net - A portal for PB information for locating and contacting individual assemblies
* GospelHall.org - A conservative Open Brethren forum site
* MSC (Missionary Service Committee) - A Canadian site with an address book of many PB assemblies and overseas missionaries
* CMML (Christian Missions in Many Lands) - A US site with an address book of many PB overseas missionaries
===Closed Brethren===
* Salvation Ministries USA
* Pathways ministries Canada USA Assemblies List
* Brethren News
* Good News Gospel Outreach
* Closed Bible Society
===Exclusive Brethen===
* [http://www.plymouthbrethrenchristianchurch.org/ Plymouth Brethren Christian Church - the official Exclusive Brethren website]
* My Brethren.Org (Exclusive Brethren)
* The Brethren Writers' Hall of Fame — a biographical gallery of several prominent writers from the Plymouth Brethren and several others who had similar views.
==Bibliography==
* Adams, Norman - Goodbye, Beloved Brethren. (1972, Impulse Publications Inc) ISBN 0901311138
* Coad, F. Roy - A History of the Brethren Movement: Its Origins, Its Worldwide Development and Its Significance for the Present Day. (2001, Regent College Publishing) ISBN 1573831832
* Ironside, H. A. - Historical Sketch of the Brethren Movement. (1985,Loizeaux Brothers) ISBN 0872133443
* Neatby, William Blair - A History of the Plymouth Brethren, (1901); Reprinted by Tentmaker Publications [5] covers the first seventy years of the Brethren movement.
* Pickering, Henry, Chief Men Among the Brethren, (1st ed. 1918 London: Pickering & Inglis), Loizeaux Brothers, Inc. Neptune, NJ, 1996, ISBN 0872137988
* Smith, Natan Dylan. - Roots, Renewal and the Brethren. (1996, Hope Publishing House) ISBN 0932727085
* Strauch, Alexander. - Biblical Eldership: An Urgent Call to Restore Biblical Church Leadership. (1995, Lewis & Roth Publishers) ISBN 0936083115
* Stunt, Timothy C. F., From awakening to secession : radical evangelicals in Switzerland and Britain, 1815–35, Edinburgh : T&T Clark, 2000, ISBN 0567087190
[[Category:Protestantism]]
[[Category:Fundamentalism]]
[[Category:Christian Denominations]]
[[Category:Christianity]] Christian evangelicalism | Plymouth