Difference between revisions of "Reindeer"
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| − | The '''reindeer''' (''Rangifer tarandus'') is a species of [[deer]] of the family Cervidae, and found in the [[Arctic]] regions of [[North America]] and [[Eurasia]]. Reindeer are unique from other species of deer in that both sexes bear antlers. Reindeer are domesticated in [[Scandinavia]] by the [[Sami]] people, also known as the Lapps, and used for pulling sleds and carriages, as well as providing meat and milk for sustenance. In North America they are known | + | The '''reindeer''' (''Rangifer tarandus'') is a species of [[deer]] of the family Cervidae, and found in the [[Arctic]] regions of [[North America]] and [[Eurasia]]. Reindeer are unique from other species of deer in that both sexes bear antlers. Reindeer are domesticated in [[Scandinavia]] by the [[Sami]] people, also known as the Lapps, and used for pulling sleds and carriages, as well as providing meat and milk for sustenance. In North America they are known by the name '''caribou'''. |
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| + | ==Entomology== | ||
| + | The use of the word "reindeer" dates back to the Middle English of the 15th century. Earlier, Old English had the word ''dēor'', which essentially described any wild beast; this was similar to the Old High German word ''tior''<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deer</ref>, or especially to the Old Norse ''dӯr''<ref>https://www.dictionary.com/browse/deer</ref>. These words, first used ca. 800 A.D., would evolve into the familiar word ''deer'', describing that specific wild beast which grew and shed its bony antlers. The Middle English word ''reindere'' was first used ca. 1350-1400, with its origin directly coming from the Old Norse ''hreinndӯr''<ref>https://www.dictionary.com/browse/reindeer?s=t</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reindeer</ref>, and specifically tying it to the familiar reindeer of Scandinavia. | ||
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| + | "Caribou" is more recent, having being first used by French Canadians in the mid-to-late 17th century. The word ''maka-lipi'' is from the proto-Algonquian language, and literally means "to shovel snow", i.e. the caribou's habit of pawing away the snow with its front hooves to reach grass<ref>https://www.dictionary.com/browse/caribou?s=t</ref>. The Miꞌkmaq people who also lived in what is now Quebec had a similar word to describe the same animal: ''γalipu''<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caribou</ref>; their interactions with the French Canadians would have their word altered into ''caribou'' as early as 1665. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:56, December 2, 2019
| Reindeer | |
|---|---|
| |
| Porcupine or Grant's caribou Rangifer tarandus granti | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom Information | |
| Domain | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Subkingdom | Bilateria |
| Branch | Deuterostomia |
| Phylum Information | |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Sub-phylum | Vertebrata |
| Infraphylum | Gnathostomata |
| Class Information | |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Sub-class | Theriiformes |
| Infra-class | Holotheria |
| Order Information | |
| Superorder | Preptotheria |
| Order | Artiodactyla |
| Sub-order | Ruminantia |
| Family Information | |
| Superfamily | Cervoidea |
| Family | Cervidae |
| Sub-family | Capreolinae |
| Tribe Information | |
| Tribe | Rangiferini |
| Genus Information | |
| Genus | Rangifer |
| Species Information | |
| Species | R. tarandus |
| Population statistics | |
| Population | 2,890,400 (2015 est.)[1] |
| Conservation status | Vulnerable[2] |
The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer of the family Cervidae, and found in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. Reindeer are unique from other species of deer in that both sexes bear antlers. Reindeer are domesticated in Scandinavia by the Sami people, also known as the Lapps, and used for pulling sleds and carriages, as well as providing meat and milk for sustenance. In North America they are known by the name caribou.
Entomology
The use of the word "reindeer" dates back to the Middle English of the 15th century. Earlier, Old English had the word dēor, which essentially described any wild beast; this was similar to the Old High German word tior[3], or especially to the Old Norse dӯr[4]. These words, first used ca. 800 A.D., would evolve into the familiar word deer, describing that specific wild beast which grew and shed its bony antlers. The Middle English word reindere was first used ca. 1350-1400, with its origin directly coming from the Old Norse hreinndӯr[5][6], and specifically tying it to the familiar reindeer of Scandinavia.
"Caribou" is more recent, having being first used by French Canadians in the mid-to-late 17th century. The word maka-lipi is from the proto-Algonquian language, and literally means "to shovel snow", i.e. the caribou's habit of pawing away the snow with its front hooves to reach grass[7]. The Miꞌkmaq people who also lived in what is now Quebec had a similar word to describe the same animal: γalipu[8]; their interactions with the French Canadians would have their word altered into caribou as early as 1665.
References
- ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29742/22167140#population
- ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29742/22167140
- ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deer
- ↑ https://www.dictionary.com/browse/deer
- ↑ https://www.dictionary.com/browse/reindeer?s=t
- ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reindeer
- ↑ https://www.dictionary.com/browse/caribou?s=t
- ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caribou