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Bogomil: Bogomilism

Bogomil: Bogomilism

'''Bogomil''' designates a member of the Bogomil Church, a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Neo-Gnosticism|neo-Gnostic]] or [[Dualism|dualist]] [[sect]] teaching a doctrine called Bogomilism (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Богомилство, romanized: Bogomilstvo; Serbo-Croatian: Bogumilstvo / Богумилство); also anyone in general who follows the doctrine of Bogomilism, identified as Bogomils. The Bogomil sect was founded in the [[Bulgaria#History|First Bulgarian Empire]] by a priest named Bogomil during the reign of [[Tsar]] Peter I in the 10th century that flourished in the [[Balkans]] between the 10th and 15th centuries. Bogomilism most probably arose in what is today the region of [[Macedonia#History|Macedonia]] from a fusion of dualistic, neo-Manichaean doctrines imported especially from the Paulicians, a dualistic sect of [[Armenia#History|Armenia]] and [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]], and a local [[Slavs|Slavonic]] [[Grassroots|movement]] aimed at reforming, in the name of an [[Sola scriptura|evangelical Christianity]], the recently established Bulgarian Orthodox Church, as a response to the [[Economic class|social stratification]] that occurred with the introduction of [[feudalism]] in Bulgaria toward the middle of the 10th century, and as a form of [[Politics|political movement]] and opposition to both the Bulgarian state and the doctrines and authority of the [[orthodox]] [[catholic]] Christian church east and west, as defined by the [[Ante-Nicene Fathers]] and the [[Ecumenical council|Seven Ecumenical Councils]].  

'''Bogomil''' designates a member of the Bogomil Church, a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Neo-Gnosticism|neo-Gnostic]] or [[Dualism|dualist]] [[sect]] teaching a doctrine called Bogomilism (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Богомилство, romanized: Bogomilstvo; Serbo-Croatian: Bogumilstvo / Богумилство); also anyone in general who follows the doctrine of Bogomilism, identified as Bogomils. The Bogomil sect was founded in the [[Bulgaria#History|First Bulgarian Empire]] by a priest named Bogomil during the reign of [[Tsar]] Peter I in the 10th century that flourished in the [[Balkans]] between the 10th and 15th centuries. Bogomilism most probably arose in what is today the region of [[Macedonia#History|Macedonia]] from a fusion of dualistic, neo-Manichaean doctrines imported especially from the Paulicians, a dualistic sect of [[Armenia#History|Armenia]] and [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]], and a local [[Slavs|Slavonic]] [[Grassroots|movement]] aimed at reforming, in the name of an [[Sola scriptura|evangelical Christianity]], the recently established Bulgarian Orthodox Church, as a response to the [[Economic class|social stratification]] that occurred with the introduction of [[feudalism]] in Bulgaria toward the middle of the 10th century, and as a form of [[Politics|political movement]] and opposition to both the Bulgarian '''[[state]]''' and the doctrines and authority of the [[orthodox]] [[catholic]] [[Christian church|Christian '''church''']] east and west, as defined by the [[Ante-Nicene Fathers]] and the [[Ecumenical council|Seven Ecumenical Councils]].  

The origin of the Bogomils is not clear. Information about them comes almost entirely from their opponents. The extant sources discussing the sect say variously that they derived their doctrines from the Messalians, the Paulicians, or the Manichaeans.<ref>Sources for this article are listed in the External links, below. The linked sources listed there cite references to verifiable scholarly research for their assertions. The reader is referred to these sources for immediately accessible verification, in the stead of a posting of a multitude of detailed citations throughout this article. <br> Reading of each of the linked sources listed here is strongly recommended, coupled with independent consulting of the referent sources of research cited by these sources as personal verification of their authenticity and accuracy.</ref>  

The origin of the Bogomils is not clear. Information about them comes almost entirely from their opponents. The extant sources discussing the sect say variously that they derived their doctrines from the Messalians, the Paulicians, or the Manichaeans.<ref>Sources for this article are listed in the External links, below. The linked sources listed there cite references to verifiable scholarly research for their assertions. The reader is referred to these sources for immediately accessible verification, in the stead of a posting of a multitude of detailed citations throughout this article. <br> Reading of each of the linked sources listed here is strongly recommended, coupled with independent consulting of the referent sources of research cited by these sources as personal verification of their authenticity and accuracy.</ref>  

In 970 the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes transplanted 200,000 Armenian Paulicians to Europe and settled them in the neighborhood of Philippopolis (today's Plovdiv in Thrace). Bogomilism as an outcome of the many factors of unrest that had arisen in the beginning of the 10th century was also strongly influenced by the Paulicians who had been driven out of [[Armenia]]. The earliest description of the Bogomils is in a letter from Patriarch Theophylact of Bulgaria to Tsar Peter of Bulgaria.  

In 970 the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes transplanted 200,000 Armenian Paulicians to Europe and settled them in the neighborhood of Philippopolis (today's Plovdiv in Thrace). Bogomilism as an outcome of the many factors of unrest that had arisen in the beginning of the 10th century was also strongly influenced by the Paulicians who had been driven out of [[Armenia]]. The earliest description of the Bogomils is in a letter from Patriarch Theophylact of Bulgaria to Tsar Peter of Bulgaria.  

The generally accepted historical view holds that the Bogomils first appeared as a movement in the tenth-eleventh century in the Balkans between about 1000 and 1400. They arose as a sect of Christian heretics who promulgated a neo-Gnostic dualist [[Anarchism|anarchic]] doctrine in Bulgaria, and spread throughout the Byzantine Empire. The Bogomils called for a return to what they considered to be early spiritual teaching, rejecting the [[Ecclesiastical government|ecclesiastical hierarchy]]; and their primary political tendencies were resistance to those state and church authorities seen by them as following the [[Council of Nicaea]] or the [[Nicene Creed]].  

The generally accepted historical view holds that the Bogomils first appeared as a movement in the tenth-eleventh century in the Balkans between about 1000 and 1400. They arose as a sect of Christian heretics who promulgated a neo-Gnostic dualist [[Anarchism|anarchic]] doctrine in Bulgaria, and spread throughout the Byzantine Empire. The Bogomils called for a return to what they considered to be early spiritual teaching, rejecting the [[ecclesiastical]] [[hierarchy]]; and their primary political tendencies were resistance to those [[state]] and church authorities seen by them as following the [[Council of Nicaea]] or the [[Nicene Creed]].  

Much of Bogomil literature has been lost or was destroyed by the contemporary Christian Churches. From the imperfect and conflicting data that is available, one undeniable result can be gathered that the Bogomils were gnostics, adoptionists and dualists. Their dualism was initially moderate (or "[[Monarchianism|monarchian]]").  

Much of Bogomil literature has been lost or was destroyed by the contemporary Christian Churches. From the imperfect and conflicting data that is available, one undeniable result can be gathered that the Bogomils were gnostics, adoptionists and dualists. Their dualism was initially moderate (or "[[Monarchianism|monarchian]]").