Changes

==Brief History==

==Brief History==

[[File:Marcuse Angela Davis.png|right|300px|thumb|[[Herbert Marcuse]] with his student [[Angela Davis]].]]

[[File:Marcuse Angela Davis.png|right|300px|thumb|Herbert Marcuse with his student [[Angela Davis]].]]

In 1923, members and sympathizers of the [[Marxist]] [[communist party]] Friedrich Pollock, Max Horkheimer, and Carl Grünberg set up an institute at Frankfurt University in [[Weimar]] [[Germany]]. This institute was named ''‘the Institute for social research''’ (In German: ''Institut für Sozialforschung''). Later it would become known simply as the Frankfurt school. These new Marxists under the direction of '''Max Horkheimer''' had seen the old [[Lenin]] Marxists fail in their attempt to win the so called ''“[[working class]]”'' in the [[Western civilization|West]]: The workers of the world did not unite in [[WW I]]. Further, these new Marxists believed the reason has been found by their comrade [[Antonio Gramsci]], who wrote in his ''Prison notebooks,'' a blueprint to de-Christianize the west, that Marxism could only flourish after ''a long march through the cultural institutions'', i.e. institutions like academies, seminaries, newspapers, magazines, radio, film, and what is now known as TV and mass media.

In 1923, members and sympathizers of the [[Marxist]] [[communist party]] Friedrich Pollock, Max Horkheimer, and Carl Grünberg set up an institute at Frankfurt University in [[Weimar]] [[Germany]]. This institute was named ''‘the Institute for social research''’ (In German: ''Institut für Sozialforschung''). Later it would become known simply as the Frankfurt school. These new Marxists under the direction of '''Max Horkheimer''' had seen the old [[Lenin]] Marxists fail in their attempt to win the so called ''“[[working class]]”'' in the [[Western civilization|West]]: The workers of the world did not unite in [[WW I]]. Further, these new Marxists believed the reason has been found by their comrade [[Antonio Gramsci]], who wrote in his ''Prison notebooks,'' a blueprint to de-Christianize the west, that Marxism could only flourish after ''a long march through the cultural institutions'', i.e. institutions like academies, seminaries, newspapers, magazines, radio, film, and what is now known as TV and mass media.

In 1965, the [[Columbia University]] served as host for the first-ever-launched '[[gay]]' student group that was later developed into the [[Gay Liberation Front]], the [[Gay Activists Alliance]], and other vanguard organizations that emerged in connection with the [[Stonewall riots]]. This new generation of self-identified "lesbians and gay men" pioneered the protest tactics labeled as "[[zapping the shrinks]]," which later [[ACT-UP]] continued to employ infamously in the 1980s.<ref name="EISENBACH2006">{{cite book |title=Gay Power: An American Revolution |author=David Eisenbach |publisher=Carroll & Graf |place=New York |year=2006 |pages=231 |isbn=978-07867-16333 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0NeGAAAAIAAJ |quote=Gay Power, " chronicles the tumultuous first wave of the modern gay rights movement. From the first-ever gay student group launched at [[Columbia University]] in 1965 to the [[Gay Liberation Front]], the [[Gay Activists Alliance]], and other vanguard organizations that emerged from the [[Stonewall riots]], David Eisenbach draws on archival material and numerous firsthand accounts from the individuals who built the movement. Unlike their predecessors, this new generation of lesbians and gay men spoke as a community, established political clout, appeared openly on television and in the press, demanded equal rights with heterosexuals, and pioneered protest tactics like the "zap," which later [[ACT-UP]] employed famously in the 1980s.}}</ref>

In 1965, the [[Columbia University]] served as host for the first-ever-launched '[[gay]]' student group that was later developed into the [[Gay Liberation Front]], the [[Gay Activists Alliance]], and other vanguard organizations that emerged in connection with the [[Stonewall riots]]. This new generation of self-identified "lesbians and gay men" pioneered the protest tactics labeled as "[[zapping the shrinks]]," which later [[ACT-UP]] continued to employ infamously in the 1980s.<ref name="EISENBACH2006">{{cite book |title=Gay Power: An American Revolution |author=David Eisenbach |publisher=Carroll & Graf |place=New York |year=2006 |pages=231 |isbn=978-07867-16333 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0NeGAAAAIAAJ |quote=Gay Power, " chronicles the tumultuous first wave of the modern gay rights movement. From the first-ever gay student group launched at [[Columbia University]] in 1965 to the [[Gay Liberation Front]], the [[Gay Activists Alliance]], and other vanguard organizations that emerged from the [[Stonewall riots]], David Eisenbach draws on archival material and numerous firsthand accounts from the individuals who built the movement. Unlike their predecessors, this new generation of lesbians and gay men spoke as a community, established political clout, appeared openly on television and in the press, demanded equal rights with heterosexuals, and pioneered protest tactics like the "zap," which later [[ACT-UP]] employed famously in the 1980s.}}</ref>

== Notable representatives and associates<ref name="Matthews2008">{{cite web |title=FRANKFURTSKÁ ŠKOLA A JEJÍ IDEOVÍ SOUDRUZI (Frankfurt school and its ideological comrades) |author=Timothy Matthews |translator=Mikuláš Spurný |url=http://www.tedeum.cz/4_2014/frankfurtskola_0414.htm |publisher=Te Deum (originally: The Wanderer) |date=11 Nov 2008 (originally)|language=Czech |quote=Mezi představitele školy lze započítat i gurua nové levice z šedesátých let minulého století Herberta Marcuse (jmenovitě odsouzeného Pavlem VI. za jeho teorii osvobození, která „pod pláštíkem svobody otevírá cestu bezmezné svévoli“[1]), který spolu s Maxem Horkheimerem, Theodorem Adornem, populárním Erichem Frommem, Leem Löwenthalem a Jürgenem Habermasem patří k jejím nejvlivnějším myslitelům.}}</ref>==

== Notable representatives and associates<ref name="Matthews2008">{{cite web |title=FRANKFURTSKÁ ŠKOLA A JEJÍ IDEOVÍ SOUDRUZI (Frankfurt school and its ideological comrades) |author=Timothy Matthews |translator=Mikuláš Spurný |url=http://www.tedeum.cz/4_2014/frankfurtskola_0414.htm |publisher=Te Deum (originally: The Wanderer) |date=11 Nov 2008 (originally)|language=Czech |quote=Mezi představitele školy lze započítat i gurua nové levice z šedesátých let minulého století Herberta Marcuse (jmenovitě odsouzeného Pavlem VI. za jeho teorii osvobození, která „pod pláštíkem svobody otevírá cestu bezmezné svévoli“[1]), který spolu s Maxem Horkheimerem, Theodorem Adornem, populárním Erichem Frommem, Leem Löwenthalem a Jürgenem Habermasem patří k jejím nejvlivnějším myslitelům.}}</ref>==