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Students for a Democratic Society (view source)
Revision as of 08:55, June 29, 2020
, 08:55, June 29, 2020→Moaist ascend to power
[[File:Sdsorgchart.JPG|thumb|475px|right|Organizational chart of the SDS prepared for Congressional Investigators by the FBI.]]
[[File:Sdsorgchart.JPG|thumb|475px|right|Organizational chart of the SDS prepared for Congressional Investigators by the FBI.]]
'''Students for a Democratic Society''' ('''SDS''') was an organization of socialist student activists and was one of the main early groups representing the [[New Left]]. Its principles were elaborated by [[Tom Hayden]] in the [[Port Huron Statement]] of 1962, which adopted the position of "anti-anti-Communism," refusing to support the West in the [[Cold War]].<ref> [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 SDS, Discoverthenetworks.org]</ref> What began as a movement to involve the largest possible number of American students in the democratic processes had become by 1969, as a contemporaneous FBI memo summarizes, "an organization totally dedicated to the destruction of American society...In the span of seven years, the SDS had evolved into a hard line Marxist-Leninist-Maoist organization dedicated to the destruction of Western democratic traditions and ideals."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath1b.pdf ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought''], Page 56 in original (p. 19 pdf).</ref>
'''Students for a Democratic Society''' ('''SDS''') was an organization of socialist student activists and was one of the main early groups representing the [[New Left]]. Its principles were elaborated by [[Tom Hayden]] in the [[Port Huron Statement]] of 1962, which adopted the position of "anti-anti-Communism," refusing to support the West in the [[Cold War]].<ref>[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 SDS, Discoverthenetworks.org]</ref> What began as a movement to involve the largest possible number of American students in the democratic processes had become by 1969, as a contemporaneous FBI memo summarizes, "an organization totally dedicated to the destruction of American society...In the span of seven years, the SDS had evolved into a hard line Marxist-Leninist-Maoist organization dedicated to the destruction of Western democratic traditions and ideals."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath1b.pdf ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought''], Page 56 in original (p. 19 pdf).</ref>
Several prominent SDS members organized [[Progressives for Obama]] in March of 2008. Among the organizers are [[Carl Davidson]], [[Mark Rudd]], and [[Todd Gitlin]]; while several Klonsky family members are represented, [[Mike Klonsky]] is conspicuously absent from the signers. <ref>[http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080407/hayden_et_al/print Progressives for Obama], By Tom Hayden, Bill Fletcher Jr., Danny Glover & Barbara Ehrenreich, ''The Nation'', March 24, 2008.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Page 58 in original (p. 21 pdf).</ref>
Several prominent SDS members organized [[Progressives for Obama]] in March 2008. Among the organizers are [[Carl Davidson]], [[Mark Rudd]], and [[Todd Gitlin]]; while several Klonsky family members are represented, [[Mike Klonsky]] is conspicuously absent from the signers.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080407/hayden_et_al/print Progressives for Obama], By Tom Hayden, Bill Fletcher Jr., Danny Glover & Barbara Ehrenreich, ''The Nation'', March 24, 2008.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Page 58 in original (p. 21 pdf).</ref>
__TOC__
__TOC__
==Key Highlights==
==Key Highlights==
*Many key SDS members were "red-diaper babies," children of parents who were [[Communist Party]] members or Communist activists in the 1930s. In 1966, when President [[Lyndon Johnson]] abolished student draft deferments, some 300 new SDS chapters were formed. Among the organization's activities were: disrupting ROTC classes, staging draft card burnings, and harassing campus recruiters for the [[CIA]] and for firms that conducted research tied in some way to national defense. SDS also occupied buildings at universities such as Columbia and destroyed draft records.
*Many key SDS members were "red-diaper babies," children of parents who were [[Communist Party]] members or Communist activists in the 1930s. In 1966, when President [[Lyndon Johnson]] abolished student draft deferments, some 300 new SDS chapters were formed. Among the organization's activities were: disrupting ROTC classes, staging draft card burnings, and harassing campus recruiters for the [[CIA]] and for firms that conducted research tied in some way to national defense. SDS also occupied buildings at universities such as Columbia and destroyed draft records.
*At the 1968 [[Democrat]]ic Convention in Chicago, SDS protesters, organized by Tom Hayden, created a riot in order to destroy the electoral chances of the pro-war [[liberal]] [[Hubert Humphrey]], and thereby set the stage for a confrontation with the [[Richard Nixon|Nixon Administration]] over the [[Vietnam War]]. Hayden and his cohorts -- including [[Jerry Rubin]], [[Abby Hoffman]] and [[Black Panther]] [[Bobby Seale]] -- were arrested and indicted for crossing state lines to incite a riot. They became known as [[Chicago Seven Trial|The Chicago Seven]]. In a celebrated trial (whose guilty verdict was subsequently overturned on a technicality), they were given token sentences.
*At the 1968 [[Democrat]]ic Convention in Chicago, SDS protesters, organized by Tom Hayden, created a riot in order to destroy the electoral chances of the pro-war [[liberal]] [[Hubert Humphrey]], and thereby set the stage for a confrontation with the [[Richard Nixon|Nixon Administration]] over the [[Vietnam War]]. Hayden and his cohorts—including [[Jerry Rubin]], [[Abby Hoffman]] and [[Black Panther]] [[Bobby Seale]]—were arrested and indicted for crossing state lines to incite a riot. They became known as [[Chicago Seven Trial|The Chicago Seven]]. In a celebrated trial (whose guilty verdict was subsequently overturned on a technicality), they were given token sentences.
*In 1969 SDS began imploding into factions. One of them, a group calling itself Weatherman, was elected to SDS leadership and proclaimed that the time had come to launch a race war on behalf of the Third World and against the United States. The new entity dissolved SDS and formed a terrorist cult in its place, which was given the name [[Weather Underground]]. [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723]
*In 1969 SDS began imploding into factions. One of them, a group calling itself Weatherman, was elected to SDS leadership and proclaimed that the time had come to launch a race war on behalf of the Third World and against the United States. The new entity dissolved SDS and formed a terrorist cult in its place, which was given the name [[Weather Underground]]. [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723]
==History==
==History==
At the time, SDS was not a newly formed group but rather the renaming of a group that was already together. The idea to rename the group was put forth by [[Aryeh Neier]], who was Director of the group under its prior name, the [[League for Industrial Democracy#Student League for Industrial Democracy|Student League for Industrial Democracy]]<ref>[http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/2000w09/msg00138.htm The birth of the "New Left"?], email discussion March 2000.</ref>.
At the time, SDS was not a newly formed group but rather the renaming of a group that was already together. The idea to rename the group was put forth by [[Aryeh Neier]], who was Director of the group under its prior name, the [[League for Industrial Democracy#Student League for Industrial Democracy|Student League for Industrial Democracy]].<ref>[http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/2000w09/msg00138.htm The birth of the "New Left"?], email discussion March 2000.</ref>
Other founding members include [[Tom Hayden]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2012/4/13/sds_founder_veteran_activist_tom_hayden |title=SDS Founder, Veteran Activist Tom Hayden on Participatory Democracy from Port Huron to Occupy Wall Street |work=Democracy Now |date=April 13, 2012 }}</ref>, and [[Alan Haber]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/sds-founder-hopes-new-revival-campus |title=SDS founder hopes for new revival on campus |work=Michigan Daily |date=February 11, 2004 }}</ref>.
Other founding members include [[Tom Hayden]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2012/4/13/sds_founder_veteran_activist_tom_hayden |title=SDS Founder, Veteran Activist Tom Hayden on Participatory Democracy from Port Huron to Occupy Wall Street |work=Democracy Now |date=April 13, 2012 }}</ref> and [[Alan Haber]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/sds-founder-hopes-new-revival-campus |title=SDS founder hopes for new revival on campus |work=Michigan Daily |date=February 11, 2004 }}</ref>
==Factions==
==Factions==
==Maoist influence==
==Maoist influence==
By 1974 Maoism had supplanted the Soviet ideological doctrine guiding many [[New Left]] groups willing to use violence to achieve socialist revolution. In ''[[Prairie Fire Organizing Committee|Prairie Fire]]'', [[William Ayers|Ayers]], [[Bernardine Dohrn|Dohrn]] and [[Jeff Jones]] identified the WUO primary strategy on the side of Maoist thought in the following way,
By 1974 Maoism had supplanted the Soviet ideological doctrine guiding many [[New Left]] groups willing to use violence to achieve socialist revolution. In ''[[Prairie Fire Organizing Committee|Prairie Fire]]'', [[William Ayers|Ayers]], [[Bernardine Dohrn|Dohrn]] and [[Jeff Jones]] identified the WUO primary strategy on the side of [[Maoist Thought]] in the following way,
{{cquote|The Chinese Revolution is a wonderful development in the advance of humanity. Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Communist Party have made many important breakthroughs in developing revolutionary strategy in the semi-feudal, semi-colonial world. The thought common to Mao and [[Ho Chi-minh]] - that the central revolutionary force of our time is the oppressed nations and peoples of the world leading the liberation struggle against imperialism - is the guiding strategic principle of this era.}}
{{cquote|The Chinese Revolution is a wonderful development in the advance of humanity. Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Communist Party have made many important breakthroughs in developing revolutionary strategy in the semi-feudal, semi-colonial world. The thought common to Mao and [[Ho Chi-minh]] - that the central revolutionary force of our time is the oppressed nations and peoples of the world leading the liberation struggle against imperialism - is the guiding strategic principle of this era.}}
==Cuban collusion==
==Cuban collusion==
[[File:P dellinger.jpg|thumb|190px|right|David Dellinger]]
[[File:P dellinger.jpg|thumb|190px|right|David Dellinger]]
The first known trip of significance to Cuba occurred in January, 1968 when [[Carl Davidson]], [[Todd Gitlin]], Gerry Long, Susan Sutheim and [[Tom Hayden]] traveled to Cuba to attend the International Cultural Congress. Long and Sutheim were to become [[Weathermen]], Davidson, Gitlin and Hayden later joined [[Progressives for Obama]]. [[David Dellinger]] of the National Mobilization Committee (NMC) also attended this conference, as did many communists and revolutionaries from around the world. The announced purpose of this conference was to obtain unity of action in Cuban anti-imperialism fights and to spread revolution and hatred of the U.S. The theme was the "Struggle Against U.S. Imperialism." At this conference delegates condemned the U.S. for what the communists alleged was U.S. aggression, and support was pledged to [[North Vietnam]]. The delegates also pledged to promote [[violence]] against the United States whenever it was deemed necessary. The attendees also met with representatives of [[Mao]]ist [[China]], [[North Korea]] and North Vietnam and visited the Viet Cong’s [[National Liberation Front]] (NLF) Mission in [[Havana]]. During this three and one half week trip, Davidson finalized arrangements for a visit of twenty SDS members to travel to Cuba.
The first known trip of significance to Cuba occurred in January, 1968 when [[Carl Davidson]], [[Todd Gitlin]], Gerry Long, Susan Sutheim and [[Tom Hayden]] traveled to Cuba to attend the International Cultural Congress. Long and Sutheim were to become [[Weathermen]], Davidson, Gitlin and Hayden later joined [[Progressives for Obama]]. [[David Dellinger]] of the National Mobilization Committee (NMC) also attended this conference, as did many communists and revolutionaries from around the world. The announced purpose of this conference was to obtain unity of action in Cuban anti-imperialism fights and to spread revolution and hatred of the U.S. The theme was the "Struggle Against U.S. Imperialism." At this conference delegates condemned the U.S. for what the communists alleged was U.S. aggression, and support was pledged to [[North Vietnam]]. The delegates also pledged to promote [[violence]] against the United States whenever it was deemed necessary. The attendees also met with representatives of [[Mao]]ist [[China]], [[North Korea]] and North Vietnam and visited the Viet Cong's [[National Liberation Front]] (NLF) Mission in [[Havana]]. During this three and one half week trip, Davidson finalized arrangements for a visit of twenty SDS members to travel to Cuba.
Thereafter, in February, 1968, a group of approximately twenty-two people including future Weatherman [[Mark Rudd]] and approximately nineteen other SDS/Weatherman members, and two Cuban Government officials with diplomatic status traveled to Cuba via Mexico City at the request of the Cuban Government, which paid all of the expenses. One of the Cuban Government officials in the group was the former First Secretary at the Cuban Mission to the United Nations (CMUN) who was also a Cuban Intelligence Officer. While in Mexico City, the group stayed at the Cuban Consulate. Several of the SDS members had previously traveled to other foreign countries friendly to Cuba. The group was destined to the Instituto Cubano para Amistad entre los Pueblos (ICAP-Cuban Institute for Friendship between Peoples) although the ICAP operated as a cultural exchange organization on the surface, it was in fact the Cuban Government's School for Ideological Indoctrination and their chief instrumentality for providing training to foreign radicals in revolutionary and guerilla tactics. Rudd and others visited the ICAP on this trip. During their four week visit, SDS members also talked with representatives of the NLF (the political arm of the [[Viet Cong]]) and with individuals from North Korea.
Thereafter, in February, 1968, a group of approximately twenty-two people including future Weatherman [[Mark Rudd]] and approximately nineteen other SDS/Weatherman members, and two Cuban Government officials with diplomatic status traveled to Cuba via Mexico City at the request of the Cuban Government, which paid all of the expenses. One of the Cuban Government officials in the group was the former First Secretary at the Cuban Mission to the United Nations (CMUN) who was also a Cuban Intelligence Officer. While in Mexico City, the group stayed at the Cuban Consulate. Several of the SDS members had previously traveled to other foreign countries friendly to Cuba. The group was destined to the Instituto Cubano para Amistad entre los Pueblos (ICAP-Cuban Institute for Friendship between Peoples) although the ICAP operated as a cultural exchange organization on the surface, it was in fact the Cuban Government's School for Ideological Indoctrination and their chief instrumentality for providing training to foreign radicals in revolutionary and guerilla tactics. Rudd and others visited the ICAP on this trip. During their four-week visit, SDS members also talked with representatives of the NLF (the political arm of the [[Viet Cong]]) and with individuals from North Korea.
[[File:Ruddatthecolumbiainsurgency.jpg|thumb|190px|right|Mark Rudd addresses the rioters at the Columbia University insurgency, 1968.]]
[[File:Ruddatthecolumbiainsurgency.jpg|thumb|190px|right|Mark Rudd addresses the rioters at the Columbia University insurgency, 1968.]]
=== Mark Rudd and the Columbia strike ===
=== Mark Rudd and the Columbia strike ===
===Carl Davidson meets with Castro===
===Carl Davidson meets with Castro===
SDS member [[Carl Davidson]] again visited Cuba in March. He and others had a three hour discussion with [[Fidel Castro]], and reportedly met with representatives of North Korea, North Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. During the militant Labor Forum, held in April, Davidson reported on his meeting with Castro, stating that Castro now believed that a socialist revolution was possible in the United States. Davidson later was to become active in [[Progressives for Obama]].
SDS member [[Carl Davidson]] again visited Cuba in March. He and others had a three-hour discussion with [[Fidel Castro]], and reportedly met with representatives of North Korea, North Vietnam and the [[People's Republic of China]]. During the militant Labor Forum, held in April, Davidson reported on his meeting with Castro, stating that Castro now believed that a socialist revolution was possible in the United States. Davidson later was to become active in [[Progressives for Obama]].
During April, SDS activist [[Steven Halliwell]] visited North Vietnam; [[Ken Cloke]]<ref>In 1967, while CPUSA veteran Victor Rabinowitz served as the [[National Lawyers Guild]] (NLG) national president, Ken Cloke was hired as NLG national executive secretary at the sametime Bernardine Dohrn was hired as national student organizer. [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/NLGWU2.pdf]</ref> later to become a Weatherman and Revolutionary Union (RU)<ref>The Revolutionary Union (RU), later to become the Revolutionary Communist Party (PCP), was a "Maoist offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society which sought a [[united front]] with other left-wing groups and had been infiltrating [[VVAW]] chapters around the country." [http://www.archive-news.net/Articles/FD041012.html Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar Movement’s Communist Connections,] October 12, 2004. Retrieved from archive-news.net, March 2, 2010. The Revolutionary Union was an affiliate sponsor of Vietnam Veterans Against the War-Winter Soldier Organization demonstrations. FBI Memo, “Demonstration Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization (VVAW/WSO) at Washington, D.C., July 1-4, 1974,” FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 63, FBI HQ 100-448092 [http://web.archive.org/web/20061020164422/ice.he.net/~freepnet/fbifiles/100-HQ-448092/Section+63/Section+63.pdf Section 63, pp. 72-74] (pdf). Full index online at [http://web.archive.org/web/20070208160606/http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI www.wintersolider.com,]</ref> member also met with a North Vietnamese delegation during this time in [[Sweden]].
During April, SDS activist [[Steven Halliwell]] visited North Vietnam; [[Ken Cloke]]<ref>In 1967, while CPUSA veteran Victor Rabinowitz served as the [[National Lawyers Guild]] (NLG) national president, Ken Cloke was hired as NLG national executive secretary at the sametime Bernardine Dohrn was hired as national student organizer. [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/NLGWU2.pdf]</ref> later to become a Weatherman and Revolutionary Union (RU)<ref>The Revolutionary Union (RU), later to become the Revolutionary Communist Party (PCP), was a "Maoist offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society which sought a [[united front]] with other left-wing groups and had been infiltrating [[VVAW]] chapters around the country." [http://www.archive-news.net/Articles/FD041012.html Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar Movement’s Communist Connections,] October 12, 2004. Retrieved from archive-news.net, March 2, 2010. The Revolutionary Union was an affiliate sponsor of Vietnam Veterans Against the War-Winter Soldier Organization demonstrations. FBI Memo, “Demonstration Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization (VVAW/WSO) at Washington, D.C., July 1–4, 1974,” FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 63, FBI HQ 100-448092 [https://web.archive.org/web/20061020164422/ice.he.net/~freepnet/fbifiles/100-HQ-448092/Section+63/Section+63.pdf Section 63, pp. 72-74] (pdf). Full index online at [https://web.archive.org/web/20070208160606/http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI www.wintersolider.com,]</ref> member also met with a North Vietnamese delegation during this time in [[Sweden]].
At the 1968 June SDS National Convention meeting it was decided that SDS should align itself with students from other countries. The convention adopted resolutions of solidarity with the students of [[Germany]] and [[France]] and with the Iranian Student Association. The resolution dealing with [[Iran]] stated in part:
At the 1968 June SDS National Convention meeting it was decided that SDS should align itself with students from other countries. The convention adopted resolutions of solidarity with the students of [[Germany]] and [[France]] and with the Iranian Student Association. The resolution dealing with [[Iran]] stated in part:
=== Wald, Klonsky & Dohrn ===
=== Wald, Klonsky & Dohrn ===
[[File:Sdsandprogreessivesfobama.JPG|thumb|300px|left|Cut out of the [[FBI]]'s SDS leadership chart. The names of Bernardine Dohrn, Mike Klonsky, Mark Rudd, Jeff Jones, Carl Davidson, Bill Ayers and Todd Gitlin are readably visible. Rudd, Davidson and Gitlin are founders of [[Progressives for Obama]]. Ayers and Dohrn conducted one of the first fundraisers for Obama. Jeff Jones currently works for Obama Green Czar, [[Van Jones]]. Klonsky split with the Ayers/Dohrn faction claiming he, and not they, was the official spokesman for Maoist Revolution in the United States. Nearly 40 years later, Klonsky refused to sign on with the Ayers/Dohrn faction when it founded Progressives for Obama, although three other Klonsky family members did join.]]
[[File:Sdsandprogreessivesfobama.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Cut out of the [[FBI]]'s SDS leadership chart. The names of Bernardine Dohrn, Mike Klonsky, Mark Rudd, Jeff Jones, Carl Davidson, Bill Ayers and Todd Gitlin are readably visible. Rudd, Davidson and Gitlin are founders of [[Progressives for Obama]]. Ayers and Dohrn conducted one of the first fundraisers for Obama. Jeff Jones currently works for Obama Green Czar, [[Van Jones]]. Klonsky split with the Ayers/Dohrn faction claiming he, and not they, was the official spokesman for Maoist Revolution in the United States. Nearly 40 years later, Klonsky refused to sign on with the Ayers/Dohrn faction when it founded Progressives for Obama, although three other Klonsky family members did join.]]
Members of the [[CPUSA]], the WEB Dubois Club (DCA), the Progressive Labor Part (PLP), the [[Socialist Workers Party]] (SWP) and the SWP youth group Young Student Alliance (YSA) attended the 1968 SDS National Convention. Karen Wald also attended and was working at the SDS National Office as of this time. Wald was also a member of the editorial group of ''The Movement'', and previously associated with the YSA. A year earlier, Wald had traveled to Cuba. [[Bernardine Dohrn]] was elected Inter-Organizational Secretary, and stated that she considered herself a [[revolution]]ary [[communist]]. [[Mike Klonsky]], elected SDS National Secretary, also publicly identified himself as a revolutionary communist. Klonsky's father was the former Organizational Secretary of the Eastern Pennsylvania-Delaware District of the CPUSA. His mother was also a former CPUSA member.
Members of the [[CPUSA]], the WEB Dubois Club (DCA), the Progressive Labor Part (PLP), the [[Socialist Workers Party]] (SWP) and the SWP youth group Young Student Alliance (YSA) attended the 1968 SDS National Convention. Karen Wald also attended and was working at the SDS National Office as of this time. Wald was also a member of the editorial group of ''The Movement'', and previously associated with the YSA. A year earlier, Wald had traveled to Cuba. [[Bernardine Dohrn]] was elected Inter-Organizational Secretary, and stated that she considered herself a [[revolution]]ary [[communist]]. [[Mike Klonsky]], elected SDS National Secretary, also publicly identified himself as a revolutionary communist. Klonsky's father was the former Organizational Secretary of the Eastern Pennsylvania-Delaware District of the CPUSA. His mother was also a former CPUSA member.
==Maoist influence at the June 1969 SDS National Convention==
==Maoist influence at the June 1969 SDS National Convention==
===Non-violent faction ousted from power===
The following year all factions present at the SDS National Convention held in Chicago on June 18-22, 1969 adhered to the general over-all line of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and the Chinese world view that attributed the source of global conflict from tension between the colonial and former colonial peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand, and the forces of imperialism led by the United States on the other. The unfolding of the conflict between the [[national liberation movement]] of the [[Viet Cong]] and "forces of United States imperialism" and its "puppet regime in [[Saigon]]" would provide an example for peoples of the Third World to unite in the defeat of US imperialism and the establishment of a "world socialist order."
The following year all factions present at the SDS National Convention held in Chicago on June 18–22, 1969 adhered to the general over-all line of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and the Chinese world view that attributed the source of global conflict from tension between the colonial and former colonial peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand, and the forces of imperialism led by the United States on the other. The unfolding of the conflict between the [[national liberation movement]] of the [[Viet Cong]] and "forces of United States imperialism" and its "puppet regime in [[Saigon]]" would provide an example for peoples of the Third World to unite in the defeat of US imperialism and the establishment of a "world socialist order."
This contrasted sharply with the traditional orthodox view of [[Moscow]] which relied heavily on a dialectical "force of history" that would inevitably bring about the "objective conditions" necessary for a proletarian revolution to succeed. Traditional Soviet theoreticians regarded any concept that skipped stages of historic development as dangerous and "counter revolutionary."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Pages 56-57 in original (pp. 19-20 pdf).</ref>
This contrasted sharply with the traditional orthodox view of [[Moscow]] which relied heavily on a dialectical "force of history" that would inevitably bring about the "objective conditions" necessary for a proletarian revolution to succeed. Traditional Soviet theoreticians regarded any concept that skipped stages of historic development as dangerous and "counter revolutionary."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Pages 56-57 in original (pp. 19-20 pdf).</ref>
The main point of contention centered on the role of the [[Black Panther Party]] (BPP) in the revolutionary process in the United States. Many held the view that a Vietnam style war with the Black Panthers assuming the role similiar to the [[Viet Cong]] as the [[Revolutionary Vanguard|vanguard]] Marxist armed [[national liberation movement]] within the United States against "the white imperialist super-structure." Many were fond of quoting Chairman Mao who wrote, "In the final analysis a national struggle is a [[class struggle]]." There was a great deal of competition among the warring factions to portray themselves as the main purveyors of [[Mao Zedong]] Thought in the United States revolutionary movement.
The main point of contention centered on the role of the [[Black Panther Party]] (BPP) in the revolutionary process in the United States. Many held the view that a Vietnam style war with the Black Panthers assuming the role similar to the [[Viet Cong]] as the [[Revolutionary Vanguard|vanguard]] Marxist armed [[national liberation movement]] within the United States against "the white imperialist super-structure." Many were fond of quoting Chairman Mao who wrote, "In the final analysis a national struggle is a [[class struggle]]." There was a great deal of competition among the warring factions to portray themselves as the main purveyors of [[Mao Zedong]] Thought in the United States revolutionary movement.
The PLP was pushing as a strategy the Worker Student Alliance (WSA) which postulated that students should unite with the traditional Marxist revolutionary power in the U.S., 'the workers,' to make revolution. The Ayers/Dohrn faction and RYM II, according to Mark Rudd, considered the fixation on 'the workers' as "[[racist]] in that the the PLP didn't want to see non-white people as the revolutionary agents." The Black Panthers demanded that SDS expel the PLP "for its racism in not supporting national liberation."<ref>[http://www.markrudd.com/?sds-and-weather/the-death-of-sds.html ''The Death of SDS,''] Mark Rudd. Retieved from markrudd.com, March 6, 2010.</ref>
The PLP was pushing as a strategy the Worker Student Alliance (WSA) which postulated that students should unite with the traditional Marxist revolutionary power in the U.S., 'the workers,' to make revolution. The Ayers/Dohrn faction and RYM II, according to Mark Rudd, considered the fixation on 'the workers' as "[[racist]] in that the the PLP didn't want to see non-white people as the revolutionary agents." The Black Panthers demanded that SDS expel the PLP "for its racism in not supporting national liberation."<ref>[http://www.markrudd.com/?sds-and-weather/the-death-of-sds.html ''The Death of SDS,''] Mark Rudd. Retieved from markrudd.com, March 6, 2010.</ref>
===Maoist ascent to power===
The Dohrn/Ayers group called for a program of confrontation and action by white students in the style of [[Castro]]ite guerillas in a supportive role to black revolution without regard to the white working class. Ayers and Dohrn felt armed struggle of blacks for self-determination would result in the victory of socialism in the United States without any reliance on white workers. They saw their role as supportive of the black liberation struggle and one which involved direct confrontation with the authority of the capitalist state.
The Dohrn/Ayers group called for a program of confrontation and action by white students in the style of [[Castro]]ite guerillas in a supportive role to black revolution without regard to the white working class. Ayers and Dohrn felt armed struggle of blacks for self-determination would result in the victory of socialism in the United States without any reliance on white workers. They saw their role as supportive of the black liberation struggle and one which involved direct confrontation with the authority of the capitalist state.
Klonsky's faction held the view that black self-determination, the establishment of a black nation-state in the South called the Republic of New Africa,<ref>[http://marxists.architexturez.net/history/erol/1960-1970/h&ssds.htm Purge the Ranks! Clarify the Program!] Pamphlet distributed at the 1969 SDS Convention in Chicago, June 18, 1969. Retrieved from Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line, Marxist Internet Archive, March 16, 2010.</ref> would constitute the first stage followed by a white working class alliance which together would complete the second stage of the socialist revolution.<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976, ''Mao Tse-tung Influence on SDS Factions at the June 1969 National Convention'', Page 58-62 in original (pp. 21-25 pdf).</ref>
Klonsky's faction held the view that black self-determination, the establishment of a black nation-state in the South called the Republic of New Africa,<ref>[http://marxists.architexturez.net/history/erol/1960-1970/h&ssds.htm Purge the Ranks! Clarify the Program!] Pamphlet distributed at the 1969 SDS Convention in Chicago, June 18, 1969. Retrieved from Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line, Marxist Internet Archive, March 16, 2010.</ref> would constitute the first stage followed by a white working class alliance which together would complete the second stage of the socialist revolution.<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976, ''Mao Tse-tung Influence on SDS Factions at the June 1969 National Convention'', Page 58-62 in original (pp. 21-25 pdf).</ref>
After the election of officers, Bernardine Dohrn declared that the National Office of the SDS was responsible for development of a correct Marxist-Leninist line and called for "the future exclusion of [[deviationist]] forces such as the Progressive Labor Party (PLP) and the [[CPUSA]] from the SDS." The debate within SDS leadership between the Klonsky and Dohrn factions, however, was far from over. Both factions were committed to a socialist revolution through armed struggle, their differences centered on strategy and tactics.
After the election of officers, Bernardine Dohrn declared that the National Office of the SDS was responsible for development of a correct Marxist–Leninist line and called for "the future exclusion of [[deviationist]] forces such as the Progressive Labor Party (PLP) and the [[CPUSA]] from the SDS." The debate within SDS leadership between the Klonsky and Dohrn factions, however, was far from over. Both factions were committed to a socialist revolution through armed struggle, their differences centered on strategy and tactics.
The newly elected leaders of SDS, [[Mark Rudd]], [[Jeff Jones]] and [[Bill Ayers]], sent the following letter to [[Anna Louise Strong]] in China immediately after the Convention:
The newly elected leaders of SDS, [[Mark Rudd]], [[Jeff Jones]] and [[Bill Ayers]], sent the following letter to [[Anna Louise Strong]] in China immediately after the Convention:
{{cquote|Dear Comrade: Our Ninth Convention of SDS was highly honored to hear greetings from our best-loved revolutionary writer and champion of People's China, and the thought of Mao Tse Tung. With help and inspiration of our black and brown brothers and sisters, we have succeeded at this convention in overthrowing the counter-revolutionary PLP forces, who had attempted to seize power. Long live our comrade Anna Louise Strong. Long live People's China. Long live Comrade Mao Tse Tung. Victory to the peoples of the U.S. Victory to the peoples of the entire world.<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976, [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath1c.pdf ''Influence of China''], Pages 144-145 in original (pp. 32-33 pdf).</ref>}}
{{cquote|Dear Comrade: Our Ninth Convention of SDS was highly honored to hear greetings from our best-loved revolutionary writer and champion of [[People's China]], and the thought of Mao Tse Tung. With help and inspiration of our black and brown brothers and sisters, we have succeeded at this convention in overthrowing the counter-revolutionary PLP forces, who had attempted to seize power. Long live our comrade Anna Louise Strong. Long live People's China. Long live Comrade Mao Tse Tung. Victory to the peoples of the U.S. Victory to the peoples of the entire world.<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976, [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath1c.pdf ''Influence of China''], Pages 144-145 in original (pp. 32-33 pdf).</ref>}}
When SDS splintered into three groups in 1969, [[Eric Mann]] adopted the Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM) belief that violent "[[direct action]]," a euphemism for [[terrorism]], should be used as a tactic to dismantle the group's perceived power centers of “US imperialism”.<ref name= "silver">{{cite news |last=Silver |first= Sam|date= February 13, 1975 |title= Whipping Racism |url= | newspaper= Berkeley Barb | access-date=}}</ref> Mann and 20 others were arrested in September 1969 for participation in a direct action against the Harvard Center for International Affairs, which the Revolutionary Youth Movement saw the center as a university-sponsored institution for counter-insurgency.<ref name= "Doolittle"/> He was sentenced to two years in prison of which he spent 18 months in Massachusetts with 40 days in solitary confinement.<ref name= "silver"/> He was released in July 1971.
==Other prominent members==
==Other prominent members==
Other prominent members of SDS were [[Linda Evans]] and [[Dianna Oughton]] who served along with [[Bill Ayers]] on the Ann Arbor Michigan Regional Staff. Evans traveled to [[North Vietnam]] in August 1969 and was involved in the [[John Brown Anti-Klan Committee]] which bombed the [[U.S. Capitol building]] in 1983<ref>[http://nobsopus.blogspot.com/1983/11/armed-resistance-unit-bombs-us-capitol.html "Armed Resistance Unit Bombs US Capitol"], ''Death to the Klan'', Winter, 1984, No.3.</ref> and the [[May 19th Communist Organization]].<ref>John George and Laird Wilcox, ''Nazis, Communists, Klansmen and Others on the Fringe'', Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992, pg. 158.</ref> Evans was convicted for her role in the holdup of a Brinks armored truck in Nyack, NY, in November 1981 that resulted in the murder of two policemen and a security guard and was later among several terrorists whose sentences were commuted by President [[Bill Clinton]]. Dianna Oughton traveled with Dohrn to Cuba in July 1969 to meet with Cuban and North Vietnamese officials and in 1970 was killed when an underground terrorist bomb factory accidentally blew up.<ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/brinks/1.html truTV - Crime Library: Terrorists, The Weather Underground & Black Liberation Army]</ref>
Other prominent members of SDS were [[Linda Evans]] and [[Dianna Oughton]] who served along with [[Bill Ayers]] on the Ann Arbor Michigan Regional Staff. Evans traveled to [[North Vietnam]] in August 1969 and was involved in the [[John Brown Anti-Klan Committee]] which bombed the [[U.S. Capitol building]] in 1983<ref>[http://nobsopus.blogspot.com/1983/11/armed-resistance-unit-bombs-us-capitol.html "Armed Resistance Unit Bombs US Capitol"], ''Death to the Klan'', Winter, 1984, No.3.</ref> and the [[May 19th Communist Organization]].<ref>John George and Laird Wilcox, ''Nazis, Communists, Klansmen and Others on the Fringe'', Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992, pg. 158.</ref> Evans was convicted for her role in the holdup of a Brinks armored truck in Nyack, NY, in November 1981 that resulted in the murder of two policemen and a security guard and was later among several terrorists whose sentences were commuted by President [[Bill Clinton]]. Dianna Oughton traveled with Dohrn to Cuba in July 1969 to meet with Cuban and North Vietnamese officials and in 1970 was killed when an underground terrorist bomb factory accidentally blew up.<ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/brinks/1.html truTV - Crime Library: Terrorists, The Weather Underground & Black Liberation Army]</ref>
[[Kathy Boudin]],<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Kathy+Boudin Kathy Boudin]. Retrieved from Everything2.com February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Judy Clark]],<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SD2TvqDh8EkC&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Judy+Clark%2BSDS&source=bl&ots=aPO-rfFbIF&sig=y0abOaa1IgWM1RJ58e05awZLBNU&hl=en&ei=4wZ-S9qIMI7-tQPPoNn8Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Judy%20Clark%2BSDS&f=false ''The way the wind blew: a history of the Weather Underground''] By Ron Jacobs. googlebooks. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> [[David Gilbert]],<ref>[http://www.prisonactivist.org/archive/pps+pows/davidgilbert/sds-wuo.html ''SDS/WUO: Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground''], David Gilbert. Retrieved from the Prison Activist Resource Center website, February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Cathy Wilkerson]],<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF0u2bykMlg Weather Underground Member Cathy Wilkerson], Youtube. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6914 ''“Let’s Have a Meeting:” Cathy Wilkerson on SDS Organizing''], Interviewed by Ron Grele 2/17/85, Columbia University Oral History Collection.</ref> [[Terry Robbins]],<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/nyregion/14about.html?pagewanted=print ''An Infamous Explosion, and the Smoldering Memory of Radicalism''], Jim Dwyer, ''[[New York Times]]'', November 14, 2007.</ref> and [[Ted Gold]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3Aaudio%20AND%20collection%3Apacifica_radio_archives%20AND%20subject%3A%22Kanter%22 Pacifica Radio Archives]available at the Internet Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> were also prominent organizers. Robbins and Gold were killed in the bomb factory blast, Wilkerson and Boudin survived. Wilkerson, along with Dohrn, was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List and later convicted of illegal possession of dynamite. Her father owned the building in which the blast occurred. Robbins was Ayers girlfriend at the time she was killed.<ref>Ron Radosh, [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2008/11/06/shame-on-the-new-yorker/ ''Shame on The New Yorker'']. November 6th, 2008. Retrieved from Pajamasmedia,com, February 20, 2010.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section IV. Individuals. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf Page 215 in original (p. 30 pdf).]</ref> Judy Clark was convicted of three counts of felony murder and sentenced to 75 years to life for her role in the Brinks armored truck robbery.<ref>[http://www.judithclark.org/about.functions.php?view=about#7 About Judith Clark's Case & Appeal]. Retrieved from judithclark.org, February 20, 2010.</ref>
[[Kathy Boudin]],<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Kathy+Boudin Kathy Boudin]. Retrieved from Everything2.com February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Judy Clark]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SD2TvqDh8EkC&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Judy+Clark%2BSDS&source=bl&ots=aPO-rfFbIF&sig=y0abOaa1IgWM1RJ58e05awZLBNU&hl=en&ei=4wZ-S9qIMI7-tQPPoNn8Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Judy%20Clark%2BSDS&f=false ''The way the wind blew: a history of the Weather Underground''] By Ron Jacobs. googlebooks. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> [[David Gilbert]],<ref>[http://www.prisonactivist.org/archive/pps+pows/davidgilbert/sds-wuo.html ''SDS/WUO: Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground''], David Gilbert. Retrieved from the Prison Activist Resource Center website, February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Cathy Wilkerson]],<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF0u2bykMlg Weather Underground Member Cathy Wilkerson], Youtube. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6914 ''“Let’s Have a Meeting:” Cathy Wilkerson on SDS Organizing''], Interviewed by Ron Grele 2/17/85, Columbia University Oral History Collection.</ref> [[Terry Robbins]],<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/nyregion/14about.html?pagewanted=print ''An Infamous Explosion, and the Smoldering Memory of Radicalism''], Jim Dwyer, ''[[New York Times]]'', November 14, 2007.</ref> and [[Ted Gold]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3Aaudio%20AND%20collection%3Apacifica_radio_archives%20AND%20subject%3A%22Kanter%22 Pacifica Radio Archives] available at the Internet Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> were also prominent organizers. Robbins and Gold were killed in the bomb factory blast, Wilkerson and Boudin survived. Wilkerson, along with Dohrn, was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List and later convicted of illegal possession of dynamite. Her father owned the building in which the blast occurred. Robbins was Ayers girlfriend at the time she was killed.<ref>Ron Radosh, [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2008/11/06/shame-on-the-new-yorker/ ''Shame on The New Yorker'']. November 6th, 2008. Retrieved from Pajamasmedia,com, February 20, 2010.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section IV. Individuals. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf Page 215 in original (p. 30 pdf).]</ref> Judy Clark was convicted of three counts of felony murder and sentenced to 75 years to life for her role in the Brinks armored truck robbery.<ref>[http://www.judithclark.org/about.functions.php?view=about#7 About Judith Clark's Case & Appeal]. Retrieved from judithclark.org, February 20, 2010.</ref>
Boudin and Gilbert were also convicted in the Brinks armored truck robbery. Their son, [[Chesa Boudin]],<ref>A review of Chesa Boudin's ''Gringo: A Coming of Age in Latin America'', states that not until the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] did he begin to understand "the antipathy many of these Americans have for the country he left behind. As stockbrokers grab one another's hand and jump from the 90th floor of the [[World Trade Center]], Boudin's Chilean roommates celebrate the United States' comeuppance at the hands of [[Osama bin Laden]]." [http://www.oregonlive.com/books/index.ssf/2009/05/nonfiction_review_gringo.html]</ref> was raised by Ayers and Dohrn. Chesa Boudin co-authored a book entitled, ''The Venezuelan Revolution'' sympathetic to the brand of communism promoted by Venezuelan dictator [[Hugo Chavez]]. In 2005 Ayers delivered a talk at the "World Education Forum" in Venezuela that was translated by Chesa Boudin. Ayers told the group:
Boudin and Gilbert were also convicted in the Brinks armored truck robbery. Their son, [[Chesa Boudin]],<ref>A review of Chesa Boudin's ''Gringo: A Coming of Age in Latin America'', states that not until the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] did he begin to understand "the antipathy many of these Americans have for the country he left behind. As stockbrokers grab one another's hand and jump from the 90th floor of the [[World Trade Center]], Boudin's Chilean roommates celebrate the United States' comeuppance at the hands of [[Osama bin Laden]]." [http://www.oregonlive.com/books/index.ssf/2009/05/nonfiction_review_gringo.html]</ref> was raised by Ayers and Dohrn. Chesa Boudin co-authored a book entitled, ''The Venezuelan Revolution'' sympathetic to the brand of communism promoted by Venezuelan dictator [[Hugo Chavez]]. In 2005 Ayers delivered a talk at the "World Education Forum" in Venezuela that was translated by Chesa Boudin. Ayers told the group:
{{cquote|This is my fourth visit to Venezuela, each time at the invitation of my [[comrade]] and friend Luis Bonilla, a brilliant educator and inspiring fighter for justice. Luis has taught me a great deal about the Bolivarian Revolution and about the profound educational reforms underway here in Venezuela under the leadership of President Chavez. We share the belief that education is the motor-force of revolution, and I've come to appreciate Luis as a major asset in both the Venezuelan and the international struggle — I look forward to seeing how he and all of you continue to overcome the failings of capitalist education as you seek to create something truly new and deeply humane."<ref>World Education Forum, Centro Interncional Miranda, Caracas, November 2006. Retrieved from http://billayers.wordpress.com/2006/11/ February 21, 2010.</ref>}}
{{cquote|This is my fourth visit to Venezuela, each time at the invitation of my [[comrade]] and friend Luis Bonilla, a brilliant educator and inspiring fighter for justice. Luis has taught me a great deal about the Bolivarian Revolution and about the profound educational reforms underway here in Venezuela under the leadership of President Chavez. We share the belief that education is the motor-force of revolution, and I've come to appreciate Luis as a major asset in both the Venezuelan and the international struggle — I look forward to seeing how he and all of you continue to overcome the failings of capitalist education as you seek to create something truly new and deeply humane."<ref>World Education Forum, Centro Interncional Miranda, Caracas, November 2006. Retrieved from http://billayers.wordpress.com/2006/11/ February 21, 2010.</ref>}}
Chesa Boudin is an editor of ''Letters From Young Activists,'' a 2005 book about a new "movement" for "progressive social change" that includes a preface from Bernardine Dohrn, who praises the "young militants" for trying to change the world. The book includes an endorsement from convicted cop-killer [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] and gives thanks to "lifelong activist and educator Bill Ayers."<ref>[http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/chicago-obama.pdf ''Communism in Chicago and the Obama Connection''], Cliff Kincaid and Herbert Romerstein, usasurvival.org , pp. 8-9.</ref>
Chesa Boudin is an editor of ''Letters From Young Activists,'' a 2005 book about a new "movement" for "progressive social change" that includes a preface from Bernardine Dohrn, who praises the "young militants" for trying to change the world. The book includes an endorsement from convicted cop-killer [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] and gives thanks to "lifelong activist and educator Bill Ayers."<ref>[http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/chicago-obama.pdf ''Communism in Chicago and the Obama Connection''], Cliff Kincaid and Herbert Romerstein, usasurvival.org , pp. 8-9.</ref>
Helen Shiller became a member of the Chicago City Council and served there for six terms.<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1988-09-01-8801270154-story.html SHILLER GUARDS AGAINST UPTOWN PROGRESS]</ref>
==Legacy==
==Legacy==
Many former SDS members became professors, historians, and sociologists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/new-sds/ |title= The New SDS |work=[[The Nation]] |date=April 16, 2007 }}</ref>This allows them to not only be subversive, but work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass with which to draw.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2008/04/bill_ayers_and_the_subversion_1.html |title=Bill Ayers and the Subversion of Education |work=[[American Thinker]] |date=April 25, 2008 |quote=He is still a subversive, but does his work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass to draw upon. He no longer leads small gangs of bombers but is reaching and shaping a much larger number of people that capitalism is not only bad, but should be fought. }}</ref>
Many former SDS members became professors, historians, and sociologists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/new-sds/ |title= The New SDS |work=[[The Nation]] |date=April 16, 2007 }}</ref> This allows them to not only be subversive, but work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass with which to draw.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2008/04/bill_ayers_and_the_subversion_1.html |title=Bill Ayers and the Subversion of Education |work=[[American Thinker]] |date=April 25, 2008 |quote=He is still a subversive, but does his work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass to draw upon. He no longer leads small gangs of bombers but is reaching and shaping a much larger number of people that capitalism is not only bad, but should be fought. }}</ref>
==Family Tree==
==Family Tree==
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy]] → → →<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy]] → → →<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1932|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1932)]] → [[American Student Union]]<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1932|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1932)]] → [[American Student Union]]<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1945|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1945)]] → [[Students for a Democratic Society]]<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1945|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1945)]] → Students for a Democratic Society<br />
↳ [[Weather Underground]]
↳ [[Weather Underground]]
*[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 Students for a Democratic Society] - by Discover the Networks
*[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 Students for a Democratic Society] - by Discover the Networks
{{Students for a Democratic Society}}
{{communism}}
[[Category:Political Organizations]]
[[Category:Political Organizations]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[category:1960s]]
[[Category:1960s]]
[[category:New Left]]
[[Category:New Left]]
[[Category:Subversive Organizations]]
[[Category:Subversive Organizations]]