Changes

Ever since the Draft Riots of 1863, New York was the bastion of Democratic Resistance in the North. It was a Republican mayor however who made the first efforts to coax traditional black Lincoln Republicans into the New Deal coalition. Fiorello La Guardia was a [[RINO]], or Republican New Dealer. Roosevelt provided federal funds to La Guardia and withheld support from La Guardia's opponents. After the 1935 Harlem riot, La Guardia decreed that African-Americans were not to be arrested for anything, and that police patrolling [[Harlem]] could not carry nightsticks.<ref>[https://vault.fbi.gov/.../Eleanor%20Roosevelt%20Part%2016%20of%2040 Eleanor Roosevelt Part 16 of 37 - FBI — The Vault, p. 46]</ref>  

Ever since the Draft Riots of 1863, New York was the bastion of Democratic Resistance in the North. It was a Republican mayor however who made the first efforts to coax traditional black Lincoln Republicans into the New Deal coalition. Fiorello La Guardia was a [[RINO]], or Republican New Dealer. Roosevelt provided federal funds to La Guardia and withheld support from La Guardia's opponents. After the 1935 Harlem riot, La Guardia decreed that African-Americans were not to be arrested for anything, and that police patrolling [[Harlem]] could not carry nightsticks.<ref>[https://vault.fbi.gov/.../Eleanor%20Roosevelt%20Part%2016%20of%2040 Eleanor Roosevelt Part 16 of 37 - FBI — The Vault, p. 46]</ref>  

 

In 1937 FDR appointed Alabama Senator [[Hugo Black]] to the Supreme Court. Black was a member of the Ku Klux Klan and built his career campaigning at Klan meetings.  In ''Korematsu v. the United States'',  Black voted to uphold [[President Roosevelt]]'s mass arrests and incarceration of [[Japanese]] men, women, and children based on [[race]].

In 1937 FDR appointed Alabama Senator [[Hugo Black]] to the Supreme Court. Black was a member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and built his career campaigning at Klan meetings.  Black was well known for his anti-[[Catholic]] viewpoints.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WX2LcraS1EgC&pg=PA219 The Oxford Handbook of Church and State in the United States]</ref> In ''Korematsu v. the United States'',  Black voted to uphold [[President Roosevelt]]'s mass arrests and incarceration of [[Japanese]] men, women, and children based on [[race]].

Not until the presidential election of 1960 when John Kennedy intervened for the release of Martin Luther King, who was jailed by local Democrats two weeks before the election in Atlanta following a non-violent protest, did the majority of Blacks begin voting Democratic ''en bloc''. The transition was solidified four years later when anti-Vietnam war candidate Barry Goldwater defied Republican Congressional leadership and voted with Southern Democrats to oppose the 1964 Civil Rights Act. It was the first time a GOP nominee carried the South in over 100 years. In fact, it was the only states Goldwater carried.

Not until the presidential election of 1960 when John Kennedy intervened for the release of Martin Luther King, who was jailed by local Democrats two weeks before the election in Atlanta following a non-violent protest, did the majority of Blacks begin voting Democratic ''en bloc''. The transition was solidified four years later when anti-Vietnam war candidate Barry Goldwater defied Republican Congressional leadership and voted with Southern Democrats to oppose the 1964 Civil Rights Act. It was the first time a GOP nominee carried the South in over 100 years. In fact, it was the only states Goldwater carried.