Difference between revisions of "Large numbers"
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Above the "million," one system introduces a new name for each new group of ''three'' zeroes. In particular, a "billion" means a thousand millions. This system is used in the United States and has been for a long time. | Above the "million," one system introduces a new name for each new group of ''three'' zeroes. In particular, a "billion" means a thousand millions. This system is used in the United States and has been for a long time. | ||
| − | Another system introduces a new name for each group of ''six'' zeroes. Thus, a billion means a million millions. This used to be British usage, ''but no longer is;'' newspapers and official government reports now use the same system as the U. S., and this system is the one now taught in British schools. Some older Britons remain attached to the older usage. | + | Another system introduces a new name for each group of ''six'' zeroes. Thus, a billion means a million millions. This used to be British usage, ''but no longer is;'' newspapers and official government reports now use the same system as the U. S., and this system is the one now taught in British schools. Some older Britons remain attached to the older usage. |
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| + | This system in which the word ''billion'' means 1,000,000,000,000, though not used England, is used in many European countries. | ||
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| + | The word ''milliard,'' is unambiguous: it always means 1,000,000,000. It is rarely used in countries where a ''billion'' means the same thing. (Though rarely used, it is found in both British and American dictionaries and is thus a legitimate English word). | ||
As a practical matter, it is important to be aware of the difference in meaning when reading old material, and to avoid using either set of names—especially the common but ambiguous ''billion''—in any context where misunderstanding can occur. | As a practical matter, it is important to be aware of the difference in meaning when reading old material, and to avoid using either set of names—especially the common but ambiguous ''billion''—in any context where misunderstanding can occur. | ||
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| − | | | + | | U. S. usage || Former British usage || Math |
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| thousand || thousand || 10<sup>3</sup> = 1,000 | | thousand || thousand || 10<sup>3</sup> = 1,000 | ||
Revision as of 15:42, May 22, 2007
Confusingly, there are two systems for naming numbers using the ending -illion. The history of which system has been used in which countries at which times is complex.
In both systems, a "million" means a thousand thousands or 106.
Above the "million," one system introduces a new name for each new group of three zeroes. In particular, a "billion" means a thousand millions. This system is used in the United States and has been for a long time.
Another system introduces a new name for each group of six zeroes. Thus, a billion means a million millions. This used to be British usage, but no longer is; newspapers and official government reports now use the same system as the U. S., and this system is the one now taught in British schools. Some older Britons remain attached to the older usage.
This system in which the word billion means 1,000,000,000,000, though not used England, is used in many European countries.
The word milliard, is unambiguous: it always means 1,000,000,000. It is rarely used in countries where a billion means the same thing. (Though rarely used, it is found in both British and American dictionaries and is thus a legitimate English word).
As a practical matter, it is important to be aware of the difference in meaning when reading old material, and to avoid using either set of names—especially the common but ambiguous billion—in any context where misunderstanding can occur.
In technical or scientific writing, the problem does not arise because it is customary to use scientific notation (1012) or SI prefixes (tera-).
| U. S. usage | Former British usage | Math |
| thousand | thousand | 103 = 1,000 |
| million | million | 106 = 1,000,000 |
| billion | thousand million or milliard | 109 = 1,000,000,000 |
| trillion | billion | 1012 = 1,000,000,000 |
| quadrillion | thousand billion or (very rarely) billiard | 1015 = 1,000,000,000,000 |
| quintillion | trillion | 1018 = 1,000,000,000,000,000 |