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'''Akhenaten''' (known variously as ''', also Akhenaton''' or ''', Ikhnaton'''; previously as ''', or Amenhotep IV''') , was [[pharaoh]] of [[Egypt]] from 1353 1352 - 1336 [[B.C.]] as part a member of the 18th dynastyEighteenth Dynasty. He led a religious revolution, rejected the traditional gods of Egypt in favor , and worshiped the disk of the sunSun, which he called [[AtonAten]]. He moved the capital from [[Thebes]] to Akhenaten (modern [[Amarna]]) to escape the influence of the priests of [[Amun]].

Statues of him show an artistic form new in Egypt, including various deformities which have led some scholars to conclude he had [[Marfan's syndrome]] some kind of deformity or [[Frolich’s syndrome]]genetic disease. HoweverA thorough examination of the royal mummies did not uncover evidence of unusual diseases or deformities, various courtiers were also depicted similarlyso the depictions are most likely an artistic style.<ref name="AIG"Hawass>John Ashton & David DownHawass, Zahi, PhD, et al. '', "[http://wwwjama.answersingenesisjamanetwork.orgcom/articles/utp/akhenaten-article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and-nefertiti-the-beautiful Unwrapping the PharaohsPathology in King Tutankhamun's Family]", chapter 21]''Journal of the American Medical Association''</ref>

==Monotheistic revolution==The mysterious disappearance earliest Egyptian gods were nature gods. Such gods were typically associated with a particular city or other locality. With the rise of his wife [[Nefertiti]] from the historical record has led scholars pharaonic state, these gods were organized into a pantheon headed by a chief god, analogous to many speculationsthe structure of the royal court. Thutmose III (r. 1479-1425 B.C.) invaded Palestine, Syria, and Iraq. These wars had exposed Egyptians, particularly those who had served in the army, ranging from her usurping power to a variety of practices and views concerning religion. Each nation, it was learned, had its own gods. But the Sun was everywhere. Faced with the overmighty Amun cult, a succession of pharaohs promoted Atenism. Thutmosis IV (r. 1400–1390) proclaimed Aten the protector of the army. Instead of waiting for death, Amenhotep III (r. 1390–1352), Akhenaten's banishing herfather, impatiently proclaimed himself a god while he was still alive. The powers of a universal god transcended national boundaries, just as pharaoh's authority now stretched across nations. "In the ancient East, monotheism was but imperialism in religion," wrote American Egyptologist James Breasted.<ref name=breasted>Breasted, James, "[http://gluedideas.com/Encyclopedia-Britannica-Volume-12-Part-1-Hydrozoa-Jeremy/Ikhnaton.html Ikhnaton]", ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (1929).</ref>

Akhenaten died young 's reforms were also an attempt to return to the past. In the Old Kingdom, Re, the god of the noonday Sun, and was succeeded by SemenkhkareHorus, who ruled for less than a year. There is much speculation concerning Semenkhkarefalcon god, including an unlikely theory that "he" was Nefertiti posing as a manwere the dominant cults. Semenkhkare was succeeded by [[Tutankhamun]], still a boy at this time. Tut reversed many of Akenaten's policies. Egypt reverted They did not respond to [[polytheism]] and the priests prayers of Amun regained their power. Akhenatencommoners, Semenkhkarebut only to the pharaoh, which was divine and Tut are omitted from his power absolute. Commoners had no future in the Abydos king listafterworld. This suggests they were viewed as illegitimate rulers. Genetic testing in 2010 established They volunteered to build pyramids so that mummy KV55 is both a son of Amenhotep III pharaoh could have an afterlife and Tut's fathercontinue to watch over them after he died. An inscription in Tut's tomb identifies him as In the son of a pharaohNew Kingdom, so the mummy could be either Akhenaten<ref>[https://oblogmasensereligion was more democratic.wordpressThe afterlife rites earlier practiced only by pharaohs became widespread.com/2010/02/17/lost-pharhoh-akhenaton-found-after-further-dna-testing-Egyptians developed relationships with the gods through a variety of-tutankhamun/ Lost Pharaoh Akhenaten Found After Further DNA Testing Of Tutankhamun]</ref> or Semenkhkarecults and temples.<ref>[http://www.kv64.info/2010/03/dna-shows-that-kv55-mummy-probably-not.html DNA Shows that KV55 Mummy Probably Not Akhenaten]</ref>

== Akhenaten began his revolution by enclosing the name of Aten in a cartouche identical to his own. Aten would be a pharaoh among the gods. Iconoclasts hacked the word "gods" out of monuments and Moses =inscriptions. The capital was moved from Thebes to Amarna, a previously uninhabited location that was uncontaminated by association with any of the old gods.<ref name="breasted" /> The similarities between Akhenaten's monotheism and enormous architectural projects of this era featured the monotheism described in the [[Pentateuch]] has led some historians use of ''talatat'', smaller stones of uniform size that allowed construction to speculate about correlations between Akhenaten and Mosesproceed more rapidly. Unlike the pyramids, which are constructed of huge stones, Akhenaten's religion is projects were later taken apart, the earliest historical example of a monotheistic religion''talatat'' reused in other projects.

Akhenaten's hymn to Aten is much quoted:{{cquote|::You are the one God,::shining forth from your possible incarnations::as Aten, the Living Sun,::Revealed like a king in glory, risen in light,::now distant, now bending nearby,::You create numberless things of this world::from yourself, who are One alone<ref>Akhenaten, "The Great Hymn to Aten"</ref>}} ==Nefertiti and Tut==A bust of [[Sigmund FreudNefertiti]] proposed now in the Ägyptisches Museum in Berlin has made Akhenaten's beautiful primary wife one of the best-known Egyptian queens. In Akhenaten's declining years, she served as "effective for her husband" (regent) with the reign name Nerferneferuatan. In a few late inscriptions, she is described as "Akhenaten-less." This implies that Moses was she continued to rule after Akhenaten's priestdeath, at least for a brief period.<ref name=Allen>Allen, James, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142642/http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/murnane/Allen.pdf The Amarna Succession], ''Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane,'' University of Memphis, 2007.</ref> Nerferneferuatan's reign was followed by that of Smenkhkare, a brother of Akhenaten. Within a year of Akhenaten's death, both Nerferneferuatan and Smenkhkare disappeared from the records. [[ExodusTutankhamun]] happened soon after , a boy of 10 or 11 at this time, ascended to the pharaoh's deaththrone.<refname="Allen" />Real power in this period may have been held by Ay, a vizier appointed by Akhenaten. Tut reversed many of Akenaten's policies. Egypt reverted to [[Moses And Monotheismpolytheism]]and the priests of Amun regained power. Akhenaten, Nerferneferuatan, Smenkhkare, and Tut are omitted from the Abydos king list. This suggests that they were viewed as illegitimate rulers by Freud; see chapter the following 19th dynasty. An inscription from the reign of Ramses II denounces Akhenaten as, "If Moses was an egyptianthat criminal from Akhetaten."<ref name=Reeves>Reeves, Nicholas, ''Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet''</ref> In 2010, genetic testing established that mummy KV55 is both a son of Amenhotep III and Tut's father. An inscription in Tut's tomb identifies him as the son of a pharaoh, so the mummy must be either Akhenaten<ref>" at [httphttps://wwwoblogmasense.archivewordpress.orgcom/stream2010/mosesandmonothei032233mbp02/mosesandmonothei032233mbp_djvu17/lost-pharhoh-akhenaton-found-after-further-dna-testing-of-tutankhamun/ Lost Pharaoh Akhenaten Found After Further DNA Testing Of Tutankhamun]"</ref> or Smenkhkare.txt <ref name=Phizackerley>Phizackerley, Kate, "[http://www.archivekv64.orginfo/2010/03/dna-shows-that-kv55-mummy-probably-not.html DNA Shows that KV55 Mummy Probably Not Akhenaten]"</ref> Numerous portrayals of Akhenaten's family have survived, but none of these include Tut.Akhenaten is depicted as having relations with his daughters as soon as they came of age (13 in ancient Egypt).<ref name="Allen" /> That Akhenaten named Nefertiti as his successor implies that these well-advertised efforts to produce a male heir of pure royal blood were not successful.<ref name="Allen" />