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'''Akhenaten''' (known variously as ''', also Akhenaton''' or ''', Ikhnaton'''; previously as ''', or Amenhotep IV''') , was [[pharaoh]] of [[Egypt]] from 1352 - 1336 [[B.C.]] as part a member of the 18th dynastyEighteenth Dynasty. He led a religious revolution, rejected the traditional gods of Egypt in favor , and worshiped the disk of the sunSun, which he called [[AtonAten]]. He moved the capital from [[Thebes]] to Akhenaten (modern [[Amarna]]) to escape the influence of the priests of [[Amun]].

Statues of him show an artistic form new in Egypt, including various deformities which have led some scholars to conclude he had [[Marfan's syndrome]] some kind of deformity or [[Frolich’s syndrome]]genetic disease. A thorough examination of the royal mummies did not uncover evidence of unusual diseases or deformities, so the depictions are most likely an artistic style.<ref name=Hawass>Zahi Hawass, Zahi, PhD, et al., "[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family]", ''JAMA''</ref> In addition, various courtiers were depicted in a similar style.<ref name="AIG">John Ashton & David Down. ''[http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/utp/akhenaten-and-nefertiti-Journal of the-beautiful Unwrapping the Pharaohs, chapter 21]'American Medical Association''</ref>

A bust ==Monotheistic revolution==The earliest Egyptian gods were nature gods. Such gods were typically associated with a particular city or other locality. With the rise of Akhenaten's beautiful primary wifethe pharaonic state, [[Nefertiti]]these gods were organized into a pantheon headed by a chief god, has made her one analogous to the structure of the bestroyal court. Thutmose III (r. 1479-known Egyptian queens1425 B. In Akhenaten declining yearsC.) invaded Palestine, Syria, and Iraq. These wars had exposed Egyptians, she particularly those who had served as a regent with in the reign name Nerferneferuatan. She continued army, to rule under this name "Akhenaten-less" for a short time after Akhenaten's deathvariety of practices and views concerning religion. This is followed by Each nation, it was learned, had its own gods. But the reign of SmenkhkareSun was everywhere. Faced with the overmighty Amun cult, a brother succession of Akhenatenpharaohs promoted Atenism. Within a year Thutmosis IV (r. 1400–1390) proclaimed Aten the protector of the army. Instead of waiting for death, Amenhotep III (r. 1390–1352), Akhenaten's death, both Nerferneferuatan and Smenkhkare disappeared from the records and [[Tutankhamun]]father, impatiently proclaimed himself a god while he was still alive. The powers of a boy at this timeuniversal god transcended national boundaries, ascended to the thronejust as pharaoh's authority now stretched across nations. Real power "In the ancient East, monotheism was but imperialism in this period may have been held by Ayreligion, a vizier appointed by Akhenaten" wrote American Egyptologist James Breasted. Tut reversed many of Akenaten's policies. Egypt reverted to <ref name=breasted>Breasted, James, "[[polytheismhttp://gluedideas.com/Encyclopedia-Britannica-Volume-12-Part-1-Hydrozoa-Jeremy/Ikhnaton.html Ikhnaton]] and the priests of Amun regained power", ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (1929).</ref>

Akhenaten's reforms were also an attempt to return to the past. In the Old Kingdom, SmenkhkareRe, and Tut are omitted from the Abydos king list. This suggests that they were viewed as illegitimate rulers by rulers god of the following 19th dynastynoonday Sun, and Horus, a falcon god, were the dominant cults. An inscription from They did not respond to the reign prayers of Ramses II denounces Akhenaten ascommoners, "that criminal from Akhetaten."<ref name=Reeves>Reevesbut only to the pharaoh, Nicholas, ''Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet''</ref> Genetic testing in 2010 established that mummy KV55 is both a son of Amenhotep III which was divine and Tut's fatherhis power absolute. An inscription Commoners had no future in Tut's tomb identifies him as the son of a afterworld. They volunteered to build pyramids so that pharaoh, so the mummy could be either Akhenaten<ref>[https://oblogmasense.wordpress.com/2010/02/17/lost-pharhoh-akhenaton-found-have an afterlife and continue to watch over them after-further-dna-testing-of-tutankhamun/ Lost Pharaoh Akhenaten Found After Further DNA Testing Of Tutankhamun]</ref> or Smenkhkarehe died.<ref>[http://wwwIn the New Kingdom, religion was more democratic.kv64The afterlife rites earlier practiced only by pharaohs became widespread.info/2010/03/dna-shows-that-kv55-mummy-probably-notEgyptians developed relationships with the gods through a variety of cults and temples.html DNA Shows that KV55 Mummy Probably Not Akhenaten]</ref>

== Akhenaten began his revolution by enclosing the name of Aten in a cartouche identical to his own. Aten would be a pharaoh among the gods. Iconoclasts hacked the word "gods" out of monuments and Moses =inscriptions. The capital was moved from Thebes to Amarna, a previously uninhabited location that was uncontaminated by association with any of the old gods.<ref name="breasted" /> The similarities between Akhenaten's monotheism and enormous architectural projects of this era featured the monotheism described in the [[Pentateuch]] has led some historians use of ''talatat'', smaller stones of uniform size that allowed construction to speculate about correlations between Akhenaten and Mosesproceed more rapidly. Unlike the pyramids, which are constructed of huge stones, Akhenaten's religion is projects were later taken apart, the earliest historical example of a monotheistic religion''talatat'' reused in other projects.

Akhenaten's hymn to Aten is much quoted:{{cquote|::You are the one God,::shining forth from your possible incarnations::as Aten, the Living Sun,::Revealed like a king in glory, risen in light,::now distant, now bending nearby,::You create numberless things of this world::from yourself, who are One alone<ref>Akhenaten, "The Great Hymn to Aten"</ref>}} ==Nefertiti and Tut==A bust of [[Sigmund FreudNefertiti]] proposed now in the Ägyptisches Museum in Berlin has made Akhenaten's beautiful primary wife one of the best-known Egyptian queens. In Akhenaten's declining years, she served as "effective for her husband" (regent) with the reign name Nerferneferuatan. In a few late inscriptions, she is described as "Akhenaten-less." This implies that Moses was she continued to rule after Akhenaten's priestdeath, at least for a brief period.<ref name=Allen>Allen, James, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142642/http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/murnane/Allen.pdf The Amarna Succession], ''Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane,'' University of Memphis, 2007.</ref> Nerferneferuatan's reign was followed by that of Smenkhkare, a brother of Akhenaten. Within a year of Akhenaten's death, both Nerferneferuatan and Smenkhkare disappeared from the records. [[ExodusTutankhamun]] happened soon after , a boy of 10 or 11 at this time, ascended to the pharaoh's deaththrone.<refname="Allen" />Real power in this period may have been held by Ay, a vizier appointed by Akhenaten. Tut reversed many of Akenaten's policies. Egypt reverted to [[Moses And Monotheismpolytheism]]and the priests of Amun regained power. Akhenaten, Nerferneferuatan, Smenkhkare, and Tut are omitted from the Abydos king list. This suggests that they were viewed as illegitimate rulers by Freud; see chapter the following 19th dynasty. An inscription from the reign of Ramses II denounces Akhenaten as, "If Moses was an egyptianthat criminal from Akhetaten."<ref name=Reeves>Reeves, Nicholas, ''Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet''</ref> In 2010, genetic testing established that mummy KV55 is both a son of Amenhotep III and Tut's father. An inscription in Tut's tomb identifies him as the son of a pharaoh, so the mummy must be either Akhenaten<ref>" at [httphttps://wwwoblogmasense.archivewordpress.orgcom/stream2010/mosesandmonothei032233mbp02/mosesandmonothei032233mbp_djvu17/lost-pharhoh-akhenaton-found-after-further-dna-testing-of-tutankhamun/ Lost Pharaoh Akhenaten Found After Further DNA Testing Of Tutankhamun]"</ref> or Smenkhkare.txt <ref name=Phizackerley>Phizackerley, Kate, "[http://www.archivekv64.orginfo/2010/03/dna-shows-that-kv55-mummy-probably-not.html DNA Shows that KV55 Mummy Probably Not Akhenaten]"</ref> Numerous portrayals of Akhenaten's family have survived, but none of these include Tut.Akhenaten is depicted as having relations with his daughters as soon as they came of age (13 in ancient Egypt).<ref name="Allen" /> That Akhenaten named Nefertiti as his successor implies that these well-advertised efforts to produce a male heir of pure royal blood were not successful.<ref name="Allen" />