The '''binary system ''' is a way of representing numbers in base 2, i.e. using only the digits 0 and 1. The term 'Binary' means ''composed of two parts'' and comes from the Latin, originally meaning "two by two". Binary, or base 2, is one of many possible [[Number Systems]]. A number written in the system can be denoted by following it with a subscript 2, i.e. <sub>2</sub>. Each digit represents the number of a power of 2 in the complete number, similarly to in the [[decimal system]], where each digit represents the number of a power of 10. The power is defined by the number of digits in the number from right to left through the digit, minus 1, e.g. 100<sub>2</sub>, where the digit 1 is the third digit from the right, and thus represents 2<sup>2</sup>, or 4. While it is generally impractical for [[human ]] use, it is the mainstay of modern [[computing]]. A binary system is also used in [[electronics]], which commonly uses '''0''' to mean "no voltage is present" '''1''' to mean "a voltage is present". Binary notation is used in circumstances in which a thing is in one of two possible conditions and no other condition is possible; the switch is on or the switch is off, the page has data on it or the page has no data. ==Operations== ===Successor Function===
To increment a binary number, follow this rule:
1. #Current digit is the end digit2. #Change the current digit3. # If current digit = 14. ##Then:4a.###Shift current digits digit to away from the end digit4b.Goto ###Go to step 25: ##Else:5a:###You're done.
A more concrete example can be found here:http://woodgears.ca/marbleadd/index.html===Addition===
Binary addition is fairly simple, making for efficient use in computers. To add one bit (digit) binary numbers, use the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! X
! Y
! X + Y
! Carry
|-
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-
|}
to add a multiple digit number, add the bits (digits) individually using the table, and add the carry if necessary. Consider the following example:
000000110- Previous Addition's carry
1000110110 X
+
0110001010 Y
-----------------
1110111000
===Subtraction===
Subtraction in binary can be carried out similar to decimal notation, however, there is a more efficient way, which is usually used in computers. Negative numbers a written in "Two's complement notation". In this notation, You "flip" the digits in the binary number and add one. For example,
<blockquote>
-10011 = 01100 + 1 = 01101
</blockquote>
To do subtraction, you add a number to its complement and ignore the final carry.
<blockquote>
5 - 2 = 101 - 010 = 101 + (101 + 1) = 101 + 110 = [1]011 = 011 = 3
</blockquote>
Note that this method requires the amount of digits to be fixed.
===Multiplication===
Multiplication in binary is far more simple than multiplication in decimal. To multiply two binary numbers X * Y, use the following algorithm:
#set a to 0
#start at the rightmost digit of the X
#for the nth digit (from the right, starting with 0)
##If the digit is zero, continue
##If the digit is one,
###Append n zeros to the end of Y and add this to a
#a is now equal to X * Y
For Example:
1010 X *
1101 Y
----------------
'''0000'''
'''1101'''0
'''0000'''00
'''1101'''000
---------------
10000010
=First Numbers=
The first 16 binary digits:
{|style="text-align:center"!Decimal!!Colspan=2 |Binary|-|width=50px|0:|width=50px align="right"|0:|width=10px| |-|1:|align="right"|1:10:|-|2:11:|align="right"|10|-|3:100:|align="right"|11|-|4:101:|align="right"|100|-|5:110:|align="right"|101|-|6:111:|align="right"|110|-|7:1000:|align="right"|111|-|8:1001:|align="right"|1000|-|9:1010:|align="right"|1001|-|10:1011:|align="right"|1010|-|11:1100:|align="right"|1011|-|12:1101:|align="right"|1100|-|13:1110:|align="right"|1101|-|14:1111:|align="right"|1110|-|15:|align="right"|1111|-|16|align="right"|10000|} == Boolean operations ==Because each bit can be considered a true/false value, [[Boolean algebra]] operations are easily done with binary values. For this reason, they are often referred to as bit-wise operations. The operations are NOT, AND, OR, NAND, XOR, SHL (shift left), and SHR (shift right) - and variations such as ROL (rotate left) and ROR (rotate right). ==See also==* [[Binary Code]]* [[Binary Function]]* [[Binary Compound]] == External links ==*[http:16//forums.cisco.com/CertCom/game/binary_game_page.htm?site=celc A binary numbering game]*[http://woodgears.ca/marbleadd/index.html= How to make binary numbers]
{{nobots}}
[[Category:Mathematics]]