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It has been claimed that disparaging attitudes toward non-Muslim women and girls are promoted in some [[mosque]]s<ref name="Dixon">{{cite web|last1=Dixon|first1=Hayley|title=‘Imams promote grooming rings’, Muslim leader claims|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/10061217/Imams-promote-grooming-rings-Muslim-leader-claims.html |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=16 May 2013|accessdate=}}</ref> and that sexual predation of them is supported in religious text<ref name="McLoughlin">{{cite web|last1=McLoughlin|first1=Peter|title="Easy Meat": Multiculturalism, Islam and Child Sex Slavery|url=http://lawandfreedomfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Easy-Meat-Multiculturalism-Islam-and-Child-Sex-Slavery-05-03-2014.pdf |pages=222–258|publisher=Law and Freedom Foundation|date=March 2014|accessdate=}}</ref> as a form of [[sexual slavery]] sanctioned in [[Koran]]ic texts, such as ''[[surah|suras]]'' 4:24 and 33:50, in which sex is permitted with ''"Ma malakat aymanukum"'' (captive women).<ref name="mccarthy">{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/391814/isis-and-rape-jihad-andrew-c-mccarthy|title=ISIS and the Rape Jihad|last=McCarthy|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew C. McCarthy|date=3 November 2014|publisher=National Review Online|accessdate=}}</ref>

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In its digital magazine, ''Dabiq'', the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) explicitly claimed "religious" justification for enslaving Yazidi women (see section following). Specifically, ISIL argued that the Yazidi were idol worshipers and appealed to the [[shariah]] practice of spoils of war.<ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic State Seeks to Justify Enslaving Yazidi Women and Girls in Iraq|url=http://www.newsweek.com/islamic-state-seeks-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-iraq-277100 |accessdate=|work=Newsweek|agency=Reuters|date=13 October 2014}}</ref><ref>Athena Yenko, [http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/569402/20141013/islamic-state-dabiq-magazine-isis-slavery.htm#.VD7r9EnD_Gg "Judgment Day Justifies Sex Slavery Of Women – ISIS Out With Its 4th Edition Of Dabiq Magazine"] ''International Business Times-Australia'', October 13, 2014{{dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref><ref>Allen McDuffee, [https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/isis-confirms-and-justifies-enslaving-yazidis-in-new-magazine-article/381394/ "ISIS Is Now Bragging About Enslaving Women and Children,"] ''[[The Atlantic]]'', Oct 13 2014</ref><ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification">{{cite news|last=Abdelaziz|first=Salma|title=ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/world/meast/isis-justification-slavery |publisher=[[CNN]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Spencer|first=Richard|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11158797/Thousands-of-Yazidi-women-sold-as-sex-slaves-for-theological-reasons-says-Isil.html|title=Thousands of Yazidi women sold as sex slaves 'for theological reasons', says Isil|date=13 October 2014|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625870-jihadists-boast-selling-captive-women-concubines-have-and-hold "To have and to hold: Jihadists boast of selling captive women as concubines,"] ''[[The Economist]]'', Oct 18th 2014</ref><ref>By AFP, [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2014/10/13/ISIS-declares-return-of-slavery-.html "ISIS jihadists boast of enslaving Yazidi women,"] ''[[Al Arabiya]]'', October 13, 2014</ref> ISIL asserts that certain [[Hadith]] and [[Quran]]ic verses support their right to enslave and rape captive non-Muslim women.<ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification" /><ref name="Kumar">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anugrah|title=ISIS Claims Islam Justifies Making 'Infidel' Women Sex Slaves|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/isis-claims-islam-justifies-making-infidel-women-sex-slaves-128004|agency=CHRISTIAN POST CONTRIBUTOR|work=[[The Christian Post]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="Sypher - Rape">{{cite news|last= Sypher|first= Ford|title= Rape and Sexual Slavery Inside an ISIS Prison|url= https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/28/rape-and-sexual-slavery-inside-an-isis-prison.html|agency=Horror|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date= 28 August 2014|accessdate=}}</ref> ISIL appealed to apocalyptic beliefs and "claimed justification by a Hadith that they interpret as portraying the revival of slavery as a precursor to the end of the world."<ref>Nour Malas, [http://online.wsj.com/articles/ancient-prophecies-motivate-islamic-state-militants-1416357441 "Ancient Prophecies Motivate Islamic State Militants: Battlefield Strategies Driven by 1,400-year-old Apocalyptic Ideas,"] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', November 18, 2014 (accessed November 22, 2014){{subscription required}}</ref> According to ''Dabiq,'' "enslaving the families of the kuffar and taking their women as concubines is a firmly established aspect of the Sharia’s that if one were to deny or mock, he would be denying or mocking the verses of the Qur'an and the narration of the Prophet … and thereby apostatizing from Islam."<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="TZ - 10-14-2014">{{cite news|title= ISIL seeks to justify enslaving Yazidi women and girls in Iraq|url= http://www.todayszaman.com/national_isil-seeks-to-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-in-iraq_361547.html |agency=abril|publisher=''[[Today's Zaman]]''|date=14 October 2014|accessdate=}}</ref> In late 2014 ISIL released a pamphlet that focused on the treatment of female slaves.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet">Amelia Smith, [http://www.newsweek.com/isis-release-questions-and-answers-pamphlet-how-treat-female-slaves-290511 "ISIS Publish Pamphlet On How to Treat Female Slaves,"] ''[[Newsweek]]'', 12/9/2014</ref><ref name="Our faith condones"/><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines">Katharine Lackey, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/12/13/pamphlet-islamic-state-guidelines-sex-slaves/20359049/ "Pamphlet provides Islamic State guidelines for sex slaves,"] ''[[USA Today]]'', December 13, 2014</ref> It says fighters are allowed to have sex with adolescent girls and to beat slaves as discipline. The pamphlet's guidelines also allow fighters to trade slaves, including for sex, as long as they have not been impregnated by their owner.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet"/><ref name="Our faith condones">{{cite news|title=Our faith condones raping underage slaves: ISIS publishes shocking guidebook telling fighters how to buy, sell and abuse captured women|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2872884/Our-faith-condones-raping-underage-slaves-ISIS-publishes-shocking-guidebook-telling-fighters-buy-sell-abuse-captured-women.html|author=Abul Taher|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines"/>

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In its digital magazine, ''Dabiq'', the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) explicitly claimed "religious" justification for enslaving Yazidi women (see section following). Specifically, ISIL argued that the Yazidi were idol worshipers and appealed to the [[shariah]] practice of spoils of war.<ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic State Seeks to Justify Enslaving Yazidi Women and Girls in Iraq|url=http://www.newsweek.com/islamic-state-seeks-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-iraq-277100 |accessdate=|work=Newsweek|agency=Reuters|date=13 October 2014}}</ref><ref>Athena Yenko, [http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/569402/20141013/islamic-state-dabiq-magazine-isis-slavery.htm#.VD7r9EnD_Gg "Judgment Day Justifies Sex Slavery Of Women – ISIS Out With Its 4th Edition Of Dabiq Magazine"] ''International Business Times-Australia'', October 13, 2014{{dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref><ref>Allen McDuffee, [https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/isis-confirms-and-justifies-enslaving-yazidis-in-new-magazine-article/381394/ "ISIS Is Now Bragging About Enslaving Women and Children,"] ''[[The Atlantic]]'', Oct 13 2014</ref><ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification">{{cite news|last=Abdelaziz|first=Salma|title=ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/world/meast/isis-justification-slavery |publisher=[[CNN]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Spencer|first=Richard|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11158797/Thousands-of-Yazidi-women-sold-as-sex-slaves-for-theological-reasons-says-Isil.html|title=Thousands of Yazidi women sold as sex slaves 'for theological reasons', says Isil|date=13 October 2014|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625870-jihadists-boast-selling-captive-women-concubines-have-and-hold "To have and to hold: Jihadists boast of selling captive women as concubines,"] ''[[The Economist]]'', Oct 18th 2014</ref><ref>By AFP, [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2014/10/13/ISIS-declares-return-of-slavery-.html "ISIS jihadists boast of enslaving Yazidi women,"] ''Al Arabiya'', October 13, 2014</ref> ISIL asserts that certain [[Hadith]] and [[Quran]]ic verses support their right to enslave and rape captive non-Muslim women.<ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification" /><ref name="Kumar">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anugrah|title=ISIS Claims Islam Justifies Making 'Infidel' Women Sex Slaves|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/isis-claims-islam-justifies-making-infidel-women-sex-slaves-128004|agency=CHRISTIAN POST CONTRIBUTOR|work=[[The Christian Post]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="Sypher - Rape">{{cite news|last= Sypher|first= Ford|title= Rape and Sexual Slavery Inside an ISIS Prison|url= https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/28/rape-and-sexual-slavery-inside-an-isis-prison.html|agency=Horror|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date= 28 August 2014|accessdate=}}</ref> ISIL appealed to apocalyptic beliefs and "claimed justification by a Hadith that they interpret as portraying the revival of slavery as a precursor to the end of the world."<ref>Nour Malas, [http://online.wsj.com/articles/ancient-prophecies-motivate-islamic-state-militants-1416357441 "Ancient Prophecies Motivate Islamic State Militants: Battlefield Strategies Driven by 1,400-year-old Apocalyptic Ideas,"] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', November 18, 2014 (accessed November 22, 2014){{subscription required}}</ref> According to ''Dabiq,'' "enslaving the families of the kuffar and taking their women as concubines is a firmly established aspect of the Sharia’s that if one were to deny or mock, he would be denying or mocking the verses of the Qur'an and the narration of the Prophet … and thereby apostatizing from Islam."<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="TZ - 10-14-2014">{{cite news|title= ISIL seeks to justify enslaving Yazidi women and girls in Iraq|url= http://www.todayszaman.com/national_isil-seeks-to-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-in-iraq_361547.html |agency=abril|publisher=''Today's Zaman''|date=14 October 2014|accessdate=}}</ref> In late 2014 ISIL released a pamphlet that focused on the treatment of female slaves.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet">Amelia Smith, [http://www.newsweek.com/isis-release-questions-and-answers-pamphlet-how-treat-female-slaves-290511 "ISIS Publish Pamphlet On How to Treat Female Slaves,"] ''[[Newsweek]]'', 12/9/2014</ref><ref name="Our faith condones"/><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines">Katharine Lackey, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/12/13/pamphlet-islamic-state-guidelines-sex-slaves/20359049/ "Pamphlet provides Islamic State guidelines for sex slaves,"] ''[[USA Today]]'', December 13, 2014</ref> It says fighters are allowed to have sex with adolescent girls and to beat slaves as discipline. The pamphlet's guidelines also allow fighters to trade slaves, including for sex, as long as they have not been impregnated by their owner.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet"/><ref name="Our faith condones">{{cite news|title=Our faith condones raping underage slaves: ISIS publishes shocking guidebook telling fighters how to buy, sell and abuse captured women|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2872884/Our-faith-condones-raping-underage-slaves-ISIS-publishes-shocking-guidebook-telling-fighters-buy-sell-abuse-captured-women.html|author=Abul Taher|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines"/>

In recent times, those who engage in rape jihad justify and excuse their actions by viewing their victims as little more than "pieces of meat" and by disparaging them and making false claims about their victims' virtue, claiming that their victims "asked for it" even though they did not.<ref name="Islam fantasies">[https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2020/05/islams_sexual_fantasies_.html Islam’s Sexual Fantasies] at the American Thinker</ref>

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===History===

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Rape has accompanied warfare in virtually every known historical era.<ref>{{cite book |last= Levinson |first=Bernard M |title= Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East |url=https://books.google.com/?id=2rZnXQwPX8gC&dq=rape+in+warfare+ancient |page= 203 |year=2004 |isbn= 978-0-567-08098-1}}</ref> Mass rape of both women or youths regardless of gender was among the punitive measures that might be taken against captured towns by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Persian Empire|Persian]], or [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] troops.<ref>On ancient Rome, see Sara Elise Phang, ''Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 244, 253–254, 267–268 ''et passim''. See also ~~[[Sexuality in ancient Rome#Sex in the military|~~Sex in the Roman military]].</ref> Female slavery and war rapes were also common during the medieval [[Arab slave trade]], where prisoners of war captured in battle from non-Arab lands often ended up as concubine slaves (who are considered free when their master dies).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml#section_7 |title=Islam and slavery: Sexual slavery |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=}}</ref>

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Rape has accompanied warfare in virtually every known historical era.<ref>{{cite book |last= Levinson |first=Bernard M |title= Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East |url=https://books.google.com/?id=2rZnXQwPX8gC&dq=rape+in+warfare+ancient |page= 203 |year=2004 |isbn= 978-0-567-08098-1}}</ref> Mass rape of both women or youths regardless of gender was among the punitive measures that might be taken against captured towns by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Persian Empire|Persian]], or [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] troops.<ref>On ancient Rome, see Sara Elise Phang, ''Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 244, 253–254, 267–268 ''et passim''. See also Sex in the Roman military.</ref> Female slavery and war rapes were also common during the medieval [[Arab slave trade]], where prisoners of war captured in battle from non-Arab lands often ended up as concubine slaves (who are considered free when their master dies).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml#section_7 |title=Islam and slavery: Sexual slavery |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=}}</ref>

During the [[Islamic Golden Age]], some Muslim jurists writing on military jurisprudence advocated severe penalties for rebels who use "stealth attacks" and practice [[kidnapping|abductions]], poisoning of water wells, [[arson]], attacks against wayfarers and travellers, [[assault]]s under the cover of night and [[rape]].<ref name = Fadl>Abou El Fadl, Khaled. [Commentary: Terrorism Is at Odds With Islamic Tradition]. Muslim Lawyers</ref>

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The Lieber Code of 1863 codified the protection of civilians and stated that "all rape...[is] prohibited under the penalty of death"<ref name="Askin_35_36">{{harvp|Askin|1997|pp=35–36}}</ref> and subsequent laws of war and humanitarian law have made maltreatment of civilians criminal.<ref name="black book">Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, [[Stéphane Courtois]], ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', [[Harvard University Press]], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, page 5.</ref> Slavery was formally abolished in nearly all countries by the mid 20th century,<ref>Murray Gordon. 'Slavery in the Arab World', New York: New Amsterdam, 1989, p. 234.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4091579.stm | work=BBC News | title=Slavery: Mauritania's best kept secret | date=December 13, 2004 | accessdate=}}</ref> though in the 21st century some Muslim scholars<ref>Khaled Abou El Fadl and William Clarence-Smith</ref> have expressed concern at a "worrying trend" of conservative [[Salafi]] Islamic scholars "reopening" the issue of slavery after its "closing" earlier in the 20th century when Muslim countries banned slavery and "most Muslim scholars" found the practice "inconsistent with Qur'anic morality."<ref>Abou el Fadl, ''Great Theft'', HarperSanFrancisco, c2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPDF/Islam&SlaveryWGCS.pdf "Islam and Slavery", William G. Clarence-Smith]</ref>

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The Lieber Code of 1863 codified the protection of civilians and stated that "all rape...[is] prohibited under the penalty of death"<ref name="Askin_35_36">{{harvp|Askin|1997|pp=35–36}}</ref> and subsequent laws of war and humanitarian law have made maltreatment of civilians criminal.<ref name="black book">Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', Harvard University Press, 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, page 5.</ref> Slavery was formally abolished in nearly all countries by the mid 20th century,<ref>Murray Gordon. 'Slavery in the Arab World', New York: New Amsterdam, 1989, p. 234.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4091579.stm | work=BBC News | title=Slavery: Mauritania's best kept secret | date=December 13, 2004 | accessdate=}}</ref> though in the 21st century some Muslim scholars<ref>Khaled Abou El Fadl and William Clarence-Smith</ref> have expressed concern at a "worrying trend" of conservative [[Salafi]] Islamic scholars "reopening" the issue of slavery after its "closing" earlier in the 20th century when Muslim countries banned slavery and "most Muslim scholars" found the practice "inconsistent with Qur'anic morality."<ref>Abou el Fadl, ''Great Theft'', HarperSanFrancisco, c2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPDF/Islam&SlaveryWGCS.pdf "Islam and Slavery", William G. Clarence-Smith]</ref>

===Siege of Vienna===

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===ISIL===

:''See:'' [[Iraq insurgency]]

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In 2014, the ISIL raided Yazidi settlements in [[Iraq]], massacring the men and selling the women into sexual slavery.<ref name="Greenfield">{{cite news|last=Greenfield|first=Daniel |title=Rape Jihad: Inside ISIS’ Harem for Captured Non-Muslim Women|url=http://www.jewishvoiceny.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8449:rape-jihad-inside-isis-harem-for-captured-non-muslim-women&catid=125:iranian-threat&Itemid=331|agency=|work=[[Jewish Voice]]|date=3 September 2014|accessdate=}}</ref>

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In 2014, the ISIL raided Yazidi settlements in [[Iraq]], massacring the men and selling the women into sexual slavery.<ref name="Greenfield">{{cite news|last=Greenfield|first=Daniel |title=Rape Jihad: Inside ISIS’ Harem for Captured Non-Muslim Women|url=http://www.jewishvoiceny.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8449:rape-jihad-inside-isis-harem-for-captured-non-muslim-women&catid=125:iranian-threat&Itemid=331|agency=|work=Jewish Voice|date=3 September 2014|accessdate=}}</ref>

=== Boko Haram ===

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