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Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder | name=Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse, Sr. | image=Gerald Gallinghouse of LA.jpg | office=United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana | ter..."
{{Infobox officeholder
| name=Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse, Sr.
| image=Gerald Gallinghouse of LA.jpg
| office=United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana
| term_start=January 1970
| term_end=1978
| predecessor=
| successor =[[John Volz]]
| president=[[Richard M. Nixon]]
| birth_date=June 27, 1920
| birth_place=[[New Orleans]], Louisiana
| death_date=November 17, 2007 (aged 87)
| death_place=The Woodlands, [[Texas]]
| resting_place=
| alma_mater=Southeastern Louisiana University<br>
[[Louisiana State University]] Law Center
| spouse=Clara Van LeMaire Gallinghouse
| children=Gerald J. Gallinghouse, Jr., M.D.<br>
Van LeMaire Gallinghouse<br>
Five grandchildren<br>
'''Parents''':<br>
John W. and Leona Sutherland Gallinghouse
| party=[[Democratic Party|Democrat]]-turned-[[Republican Party|Republican]] (1968)
| religion=[[Anglican Church]]
| branch=[[United States Navy]]
| battles=European Theater of Operations of [[World War II]]}}
'''Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse, Sr.''' (June 27, 1920 – November 17, 2007), was from 1970 to 1978 a U.S. Attorney based in his native [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], known particularly for his pursuit of political corruption in state government. He was sometimes called the "Bald Eagle" because of his lack of hair and his steadfastness in ursuit of crime.<ref name=obit>{{cite web|url=http://lakelawn.tributes.com/our_obituaries/Gerald-Joseph-Gallinghouse-84757764|title=Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse|publisher=''The New Orleans Times-Picayune''|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref>
<blockquote>
'''He's trying to indict everybody for his own personal benefit,''' said [[Jack P. F. Gremillion]] of Gerald Gallinghouse, who replied that his objective was to '''clean up corruption in government. ... I am after crime.'''</blockquote>
==Background==
Gallinghouse was one of four children of John W. Gallinghouse, a dairy farmer,<ref name=nosi/> and the former Leona Sutherland. After high school, Gerald Gallinghouse worked for a time in the shipbuilding industry in New Orleans. He graduated from Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, at which he was the president of the student body<ref name=obit/> and in 1949-1950 the president of the alumni association.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.selu.edu/alumni_donors/alumni_assoc/aboutus/history/pastpresidents/index.html|title=Past Alumni Presidents|publisher=selu.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> In 1978, Southeastern honored Gallinghouse as "Outstanding Alumnus of the Year."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.selu.edu/alumni_donors/alumni_assoc/recognitions/alum_year/gerald_j_gallinghouse/index.html|title=Outstanding Alumnus of the Year: Gerald J. Gallinghouse|publisher=selu.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref>
In 1948, he received his [[Juris Doctor]]ate degree from [[Louisiana State University]] Law Center in the capital city of [[Baton Rouge]].<ref name=obit/>
In 1941, Gallinghouse enlisted in the [[United States Navy]], with assignments in the European Theater of Operations, including North Africa, [[Sicily]], [[Italy]], and southern [[France]]. In 1945, he participated in the planned invasion of [[Japan]], which never occurred after the dropping of the atomic weapons on [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] and [[V-J Day]]. While on military duty in various locations, Gallinghouse also pursued selective studies at [[Columbia University]], the [[Harvard University|Harvard]] School of Business, and the [[University of Notre Dame]] in South Bend, [[Indiana]].<ref name=obit/>
==Political and legal career==
From 1948 until 1961, Gallinghouse was affiliated with the New Orleans law firm of Deutch, Kerrigan & Styles. [[Governor]] [[Jimmie Davis]] named him president of the Orleans Levee Board from 1960 to 1964, in which capacity he was involved in [[hurricane]] flood protection. He made hundreds of speeches on the need to be prepared for weather disasters. For a year, Gallinghouse was a municipal judge in [[New Orleans|Orleans Parish]].<ref name=obit/>
Originally a [[Democratic Party|Democrat]], Gallinghouse was also a city court judge in New Orleans.<ref name=mph/>
In 1965, Gallinghouse had entered the race for [[Mayor]] of New Orleans but withdrew to support fellow Democrat [[Jimmy Fitzmorris]], a veteran city council member, who lost the race to [[Victor H. Schiro]], the last [[conservative]] New Orleans mayor and later the two-term lieutenant governor of Louisiana from 1992 to 21980.<ref name=nosi>{{cite web|url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/White%20Materials/Garrison%20News%20Clippings/1971-2/72-00/72-00-058.pdf|title="Gallinghouse's Goal: Fill Void, Clean Up State"|date=April 28, 1972|publisher=''The New Orleans States-Item''|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> Fitzmorris never became mayor; he lost the Democratic nomination to incumbent [[Victor Schiro]].
In 1968, Gallinghouse switched parties to work in the campaign for [[Republican Party|Republican]] [[Richard M. Nixon]] for the [[U.S. presidency]] even though his state voted that year for [[George Wallace]], the former governor of [[Alabama]], who ran as the nominee of the [[American Independent Party]]. He headed the group known as United Citizens for Nixon. After the presidential race, Gallinghouse became the state Republican finance chairman, having succeeded [[Allison Kolb]], another Democrat-turned Republican figure.<ref name=mph>"Finance Chairman Named for Louisiana Republicans," ''[[Minden Press-Herald]],'' January 27, 1969, p. 4.</ref> In 1969, Gallinghouse was the general chairman of the Louisiana State Republican Convention, at which then [[U.S. Representative]] [[Dan Kuykendall]] of [[Tennessee]]'s 9th congressional district, since disbanded, was the featured speaker.<ref>"Tennessee Congressman to Be Speaker at Republican Meet," ''Minden Press-Herald,'' February 25, 1969, p. 2.</ref>
In 1970, President Nixon appointed Gallinghouse as the prosecuting attorney for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana]]. In 1974, he was reappointed by President [[Gerald R. Ford, Jr.]] He remained on duty for the first year of the Democrat [[Jimmy Carter]] administration too.<ref name=obit/>
In a 1977 interview, Gallinghouse explained his conception of the U.S. attorney's office as an activist, not a passive, role: "A U.S. attorney can't sit back and wait for somebody to bring in a ready-made case."<ref name=crider>{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=110&dat=19771004&id=qB8vAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y9wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7289,404315|author=Bill Crider|title=This U.S. Attorney defies patronage system - He stays|date=October 4, 1977|publisher=news.google.com|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref>
In 1972, Gallinghouse successfully prosecuted state Attorney General [[Jack P. F. Gremillion]] for [[perjury]]. Gremillion was convicted of lying to a federal [[grand jury]] about the insolvency of the Louisiana Loan and Thrift Corporation, which paid Gremillion $10,000 in legal fees. The company raised $2.6 million from small investors and lent the money to politicians and companies controlled by [[organized crime]] boss Carlos Marcello. The investors faced heavy losses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbvforums.org/forums/messages/1954/8458.html|title=ES&S, Diebold lobbyists, July 21, 2005|publisher=bbvforums.org|accessdate=June 26, 2013}}</ref><ref>''Life Magazine'' (Vol. 68, No. 13), p. 53.</ref> Gremillion lashed out at Gallinghouse: "He's trying to indict everybody for his own personal benefit."<ref name=nosi/> Gallinghouse denied that he had political ambition but said, merely, "I am after crime". He indicated that he would remain U.S. attorney so long as Nixon desired his service.<ref name=nosi/>
In 1972, Gallinghouse obtained an indictment for [[bribery]] against Crawford Hugh "Sammy" Downs, a former state senator from [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]] and director of the Louisiana Department of Public Works under Governor [[John J. McKeithen]], for Downs' role in the Shoup Voting Machine Corporation scandal.<ref name=nosi/> Downs benefited from a [[hung jury]], which blocked his conviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/G%20Disk/Garrison%20Jim/Garrison%20Jim%20Criminal%20Trial%201973/Item%20080.pdf|author=[[Bill Lynch]]|title=Garrison case results in acquittal|publisher=''the New Orleans States-Item|date= October 2, 1973|publisher=''New Orleans States-Item''|accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref>
Gallinghouse moved against Lewis Johnson, a New Orleans builder, major contributor to Governor [[Edwin Edwards]], and a former highway department commissioner, convicted of [[income tax]] evasion.<ref name=crider/> In 1973, Gallinghouse prosecuted Orleans Parish District Attorney [[Jim Garrison]] for bribery involving pinball machines, but Garrison was acquitted and is most remembered for his criticism of the [[Warren Commission]], formed to investigate the assassination of [[U.S. President]] [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref name=crider/>
In 1977, in an investigation of vote fraud, Gallinghouse forced the freshman Democratic U.S. Representative [[Richard Alvin Tonry]] of Louisiana's 1st congressional district to resign. Twenty-one polling commissioners pleaded guilty to having cast fraudulent votes for Tonry in the 1976 [[general election]] against the Republican attorney [[Bob Livingston]]. Tonry served six months in the Federal Prison Camp in [[Montgomery|], Alabama, not for vote fraud, but for accepting individual campaign contributions in excess of the then $1,000 allowable limit.<ref name=crider/> Livingston then won the [[special election]] held in August 1977 to succeed Tonry but left Congress under a cloud in 1999.
Gallinghouse also exposed in the middle 1970s what became known as the Great Grain Scandal, which netted seventy-one convictions on fraud charges. Four large grain companies pleaded no contest and paid the maximum fines permitted of $10,000.<ref name=crider/> Dishonest inspectors began asking for modest, undetected kickbacks from the shippers to get grain approved for entry, but as business boomed, some were seeking $5,000 in bribes per ship.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PTQQQECdT4QC&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=Gerald+J.+Gallinghouse+of+New+Orleans&source=bl&ots=eSwuX3dRA9&sig=UYnrfvBwFfCdbsYXUcBRPP-zea4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tu_OUZHELoTo8gSBlYA4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=Gerald%20J.%20Gallinghouse%20of%20New%20Orleans&f=false|author=Heinz Dietrich Fischer, ed|title=National Reporting, 1941-1986, Vo. 2 (Labor Conflicts)|page=271|publisher=[[New York City]]: K. G. Saur|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> As a result of these cases, Congress established a new system of grain inspections. Gallinghouse's work in this case brought favorable comments from [[U.S. Senator]] [[Hubert H. Humphrey]] of [[Minnesota]], the Democrat who had lost the 1968 election to Gallinghouse's patron, Richard Nixon.<ref name=crider/>
Some of his investigations were stymied after Congress created the new[United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana, based in Baton Rouge, in order to reduce the caseload of the Eastern District. The change removed nine parishes, including the largest one, [[Baton Rouge|East Baton Rouge Parish]] from Gallinghouse's jurisdiction. Gallinghouse persuaded the federal district judges to permit him to continue his jurisdiction in those nine parishes on the cases already under investigation. Much of the focus center on East Baton Rouge Parish.<ref name=nosi/>
In September 1980, President [[Jimmy Carter]] invoked the [[Ethics in Government Act of 1978]] to name Gallinghouse as a special prosecutor to investigate reports that Carter's campaign manager and former appointments secretary, [[Timothy Kraft]], had formerly used [[cocaine]]. In the midst of the race against [[Ronald W. Reagan]], Kraft, who was known in [[Washington, D.C.]], for his flamboyant life-style, stepped down to avoid attention to his own legal troubles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,952778,00.html|title="Nation: Kraft Drops Out", September 29, 1980|publisher=''[[Time Magazine]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=September 29, 1980}}</ref> Gallinghouse cleared Kraft of the allegation. A year earlier, another special prosecutor had similarly cleared Carter's chief of staff, [[Hamilton Jordan]], of the same charge, but in a non-election year, Jordan had not been compelled to resign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/03/us/78-ethics-act-sets-procedure-in-such-cases.html|title='78 Ethics Act Sets Procedure in Such Cases|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=April 3, 1984}}</ref>
==Legacy==
After his tenure as U.S. Attorney, Gallinghouse returned to private law practice in New Orleans.<ref name=obit/>
Gallinghouse's pursuit of corruption in government hurt his own career prospects. The [[American Bar Association]] rendered him an "unsuitable" designation, which may have kept President [[Gera;d Ford]] from naming him to a vacant position as a U.S. District Judge. [[Ben C. Toledano]], a New Orleans Republican figure who ran for mayor in 1970 and the U.S. Senate in 1972 and was a journalist for such publications as ''[[National Review]],'' attributed the "unsuitable" rating from the ABA to the system of "anonymous comments" from attorneys in the big law firms in the New Orleans area who disliked the investigations that Gallinghouse had conducted<ref name=crider/> or like students blackballing their professors in anonymous evaluations.
In his later years, Gallinghouse resided in The Woodlands in the [[Houston, Texas|Houston]] metropolitan area, where he died in 2007 at the age of eighty-seven. Services were held on December 1, 2007, at Lake Lawn Metairie Funeral Home in New Orleans. Gallinghouse, who was [[Anglican]], was survived by his wife, the former Clara Van LeMaire (born c. 1932); two sons, Gerald Gallinghouse, Jr., M.D., of [[Austin]], Texas, and Van LeMaire Gallinghouse of New Orleans, and five grandchildren. His obituary does not indicate his cause of death, place of interment, nor his year of retirement from his law practice.<ref name=obit/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gallinghouse, Gerald J.}}
[[Category:Louisiana People]]
[[Category:Attorneys]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Judges]]
[[Category:United States Navy]] sailors
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Anglicans]]
| name=Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse, Sr.
| image=Gerald Gallinghouse of LA.jpg
| office=United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana
| term_start=January 1970
| term_end=1978
| predecessor=
| successor =[[John Volz]]
| president=[[Richard M. Nixon]]
| birth_date=June 27, 1920
| birth_place=[[New Orleans]], Louisiana
| death_date=November 17, 2007 (aged 87)
| death_place=The Woodlands, [[Texas]]
| resting_place=
| alma_mater=Southeastern Louisiana University<br>
[[Louisiana State University]] Law Center
| spouse=Clara Van LeMaire Gallinghouse
| children=Gerald J. Gallinghouse, Jr., M.D.<br>
Van LeMaire Gallinghouse<br>
Five grandchildren<br>
'''Parents''':<br>
John W. and Leona Sutherland Gallinghouse
| party=[[Democratic Party|Democrat]]-turned-[[Republican Party|Republican]] (1968)
| religion=[[Anglican Church]]
| branch=[[United States Navy]]
| battles=European Theater of Operations of [[World War II]]}}
'''Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse, Sr.''' (June 27, 1920 – November 17, 2007), was from 1970 to 1978 a U.S. Attorney based in his native [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], known particularly for his pursuit of political corruption in state government. He was sometimes called the "Bald Eagle" because of his lack of hair and his steadfastness in ursuit of crime.<ref name=obit>{{cite web|url=http://lakelawn.tributes.com/our_obituaries/Gerald-Joseph-Gallinghouse-84757764|title=Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse|publisher=''The New Orleans Times-Picayune''|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref>
<blockquote>
'''He's trying to indict everybody for his own personal benefit,''' said [[Jack P. F. Gremillion]] of Gerald Gallinghouse, who replied that his objective was to '''clean up corruption in government. ... I am after crime.'''</blockquote>
==Background==
Gallinghouse was one of four children of John W. Gallinghouse, a dairy farmer,<ref name=nosi/> and the former Leona Sutherland. After high school, Gerald Gallinghouse worked for a time in the shipbuilding industry in New Orleans. He graduated from Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, at which he was the president of the student body<ref name=obit/> and in 1949-1950 the president of the alumni association.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.selu.edu/alumni_donors/alumni_assoc/aboutus/history/pastpresidents/index.html|title=Past Alumni Presidents|publisher=selu.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> In 1978, Southeastern honored Gallinghouse as "Outstanding Alumnus of the Year."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.selu.edu/alumni_donors/alumni_assoc/recognitions/alum_year/gerald_j_gallinghouse/index.html|title=Outstanding Alumnus of the Year: Gerald J. Gallinghouse|publisher=selu.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref>
In 1948, he received his [[Juris Doctor]]ate degree from [[Louisiana State University]] Law Center in the capital city of [[Baton Rouge]].<ref name=obit/>
In 1941, Gallinghouse enlisted in the [[United States Navy]], with assignments in the European Theater of Operations, including North Africa, [[Sicily]], [[Italy]], and southern [[France]]. In 1945, he participated in the planned invasion of [[Japan]], which never occurred after the dropping of the atomic weapons on [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] and [[V-J Day]]. While on military duty in various locations, Gallinghouse also pursued selective studies at [[Columbia University]], the [[Harvard University|Harvard]] School of Business, and the [[University of Notre Dame]] in South Bend, [[Indiana]].<ref name=obit/>
==Political and legal career==
From 1948 until 1961, Gallinghouse was affiliated with the New Orleans law firm of Deutch, Kerrigan & Styles. [[Governor]] [[Jimmie Davis]] named him president of the Orleans Levee Board from 1960 to 1964, in which capacity he was involved in [[hurricane]] flood protection. He made hundreds of speeches on the need to be prepared for weather disasters. For a year, Gallinghouse was a municipal judge in [[New Orleans|Orleans Parish]].<ref name=obit/>
Originally a [[Democratic Party|Democrat]], Gallinghouse was also a city court judge in New Orleans.<ref name=mph/>
In 1965, Gallinghouse had entered the race for [[Mayor]] of New Orleans but withdrew to support fellow Democrat [[Jimmy Fitzmorris]], a veteran city council member, who lost the race to [[Victor H. Schiro]], the last [[conservative]] New Orleans mayor and later the two-term lieutenant governor of Louisiana from 1992 to 21980.<ref name=nosi>{{cite web|url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/White%20Materials/Garrison%20News%20Clippings/1971-2/72-00/72-00-058.pdf|title="Gallinghouse's Goal: Fill Void, Clean Up State"|date=April 28, 1972|publisher=''The New Orleans States-Item''|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> Fitzmorris never became mayor; he lost the Democratic nomination to incumbent [[Victor Schiro]].
In 1968, Gallinghouse switched parties to work in the campaign for [[Republican Party|Republican]] [[Richard M. Nixon]] for the [[U.S. presidency]] even though his state voted that year for [[George Wallace]], the former governor of [[Alabama]], who ran as the nominee of the [[American Independent Party]]. He headed the group known as United Citizens for Nixon. After the presidential race, Gallinghouse became the state Republican finance chairman, having succeeded [[Allison Kolb]], another Democrat-turned Republican figure.<ref name=mph>"Finance Chairman Named for Louisiana Republicans," ''[[Minden Press-Herald]],'' January 27, 1969, p. 4.</ref> In 1969, Gallinghouse was the general chairman of the Louisiana State Republican Convention, at which then [[U.S. Representative]] [[Dan Kuykendall]] of [[Tennessee]]'s 9th congressional district, since disbanded, was the featured speaker.<ref>"Tennessee Congressman to Be Speaker at Republican Meet," ''Minden Press-Herald,'' February 25, 1969, p. 2.</ref>
In 1970, President Nixon appointed Gallinghouse as the prosecuting attorney for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana]]. In 1974, he was reappointed by President [[Gerald R. Ford, Jr.]] He remained on duty for the first year of the Democrat [[Jimmy Carter]] administration too.<ref name=obit/>
In a 1977 interview, Gallinghouse explained his conception of the U.S. attorney's office as an activist, not a passive, role: "A U.S. attorney can't sit back and wait for somebody to bring in a ready-made case."<ref name=crider>{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=110&dat=19771004&id=qB8vAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y9wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7289,404315|author=Bill Crider|title=This U.S. Attorney defies patronage system - He stays|date=October 4, 1977|publisher=news.google.com|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref>
In 1972, Gallinghouse successfully prosecuted state Attorney General [[Jack P. F. Gremillion]] for [[perjury]]. Gremillion was convicted of lying to a federal [[grand jury]] about the insolvency of the Louisiana Loan and Thrift Corporation, which paid Gremillion $10,000 in legal fees. The company raised $2.6 million from small investors and lent the money to politicians and companies controlled by [[organized crime]] boss Carlos Marcello. The investors faced heavy losses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbvforums.org/forums/messages/1954/8458.html|title=ES&S, Diebold lobbyists, July 21, 2005|publisher=bbvforums.org|accessdate=June 26, 2013}}</ref><ref>''Life Magazine'' (Vol. 68, No. 13), p. 53.</ref> Gremillion lashed out at Gallinghouse: "He's trying to indict everybody for his own personal benefit."<ref name=nosi/> Gallinghouse denied that he had political ambition but said, merely, "I am after crime". He indicated that he would remain U.S. attorney so long as Nixon desired his service.<ref name=nosi/>
In 1972, Gallinghouse obtained an indictment for [[bribery]] against Crawford Hugh "Sammy" Downs, a former state senator from [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]] and director of the Louisiana Department of Public Works under Governor [[John J. McKeithen]], for Downs' role in the Shoup Voting Machine Corporation scandal.<ref name=nosi/> Downs benefited from a [[hung jury]], which blocked his conviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/G%20Disk/Garrison%20Jim/Garrison%20Jim%20Criminal%20Trial%201973/Item%20080.pdf|author=[[Bill Lynch]]|title=Garrison case results in acquittal|publisher=''the New Orleans States-Item|date= October 2, 1973|publisher=''New Orleans States-Item''|accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref>
Gallinghouse moved against Lewis Johnson, a New Orleans builder, major contributor to Governor [[Edwin Edwards]], and a former highway department commissioner, convicted of [[income tax]] evasion.<ref name=crider/> In 1973, Gallinghouse prosecuted Orleans Parish District Attorney [[Jim Garrison]] for bribery involving pinball machines, but Garrison was acquitted and is most remembered for his criticism of the [[Warren Commission]], formed to investigate the assassination of [[U.S. President]] [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref name=crider/>
In 1977, in an investigation of vote fraud, Gallinghouse forced the freshman Democratic U.S. Representative [[Richard Alvin Tonry]] of Louisiana's 1st congressional district to resign. Twenty-one polling commissioners pleaded guilty to having cast fraudulent votes for Tonry in the 1976 [[general election]] against the Republican attorney [[Bob Livingston]]. Tonry served six months in the Federal Prison Camp in [[Montgomery|], Alabama, not for vote fraud, but for accepting individual campaign contributions in excess of the then $1,000 allowable limit.<ref name=crider/> Livingston then won the [[special election]] held in August 1977 to succeed Tonry but left Congress under a cloud in 1999.
Gallinghouse also exposed in the middle 1970s what became known as the Great Grain Scandal, which netted seventy-one convictions on fraud charges. Four large grain companies pleaded no contest and paid the maximum fines permitted of $10,000.<ref name=crider/> Dishonest inspectors began asking for modest, undetected kickbacks from the shippers to get grain approved for entry, but as business boomed, some were seeking $5,000 in bribes per ship.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PTQQQECdT4QC&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=Gerald+J.+Gallinghouse+of+New+Orleans&source=bl&ots=eSwuX3dRA9&sig=UYnrfvBwFfCdbsYXUcBRPP-zea4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tu_OUZHELoTo8gSBlYA4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=Gerald%20J.%20Gallinghouse%20of%20New%20Orleans&f=false|author=Heinz Dietrich Fischer, ed|title=National Reporting, 1941-1986, Vo. 2 (Labor Conflicts)|page=271|publisher=[[New York City]]: K. G. Saur|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> As a result of these cases, Congress established a new system of grain inspections. Gallinghouse's work in this case brought favorable comments from [[U.S. Senator]] [[Hubert H. Humphrey]] of [[Minnesota]], the Democrat who had lost the 1968 election to Gallinghouse's patron, Richard Nixon.<ref name=crider/>
Some of his investigations were stymied after Congress created the new[United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana, based in Baton Rouge, in order to reduce the caseload of the Eastern District. The change removed nine parishes, including the largest one, [[Baton Rouge|East Baton Rouge Parish]] from Gallinghouse's jurisdiction. Gallinghouse persuaded the federal district judges to permit him to continue his jurisdiction in those nine parishes on the cases already under investigation. Much of the focus center on East Baton Rouge Parish.<ref name=nosi/>
In September 1980, President [[Jimmy Carter]] invoked the [[Ethics in Government Act of 1978]] to name Gallinghouse as a special prosecutor to investigate reports that Carter's campaign manager and former appointments secretary, [[Timothy Kraft]], had formerly used [[cocaine]]. In the midst of the race against [[Ronald W. Reagan]], Kraft, who was known in [[Washington, D.C.]], for his flamboyant life-style, stepped down to avoid attention to his own legal troubles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,952778,00.html|title="Nation: Kraft Drops Out", September 29, 1980|publisher=''[[Time Magazine]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=September 29, 1980}}</ref> Gallinghouse cleared Kraft of the allegation. A year earlier, another special prosecutor had similarly cleared Carter's chief of staff, [[Hamilton Jordan]], of the same charge, but in a non-election year, Jordan had not been compelled to resign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/03/us/78-ethics-act-sets-procedure-in-such-cases.html|title='78 Ethics Act Sets Procedure in Such Cases|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=April 3, 1984}}</ref>
==Legacy==
After his tenure as U.S. Attorney, Gallinghouse returned to private law practice in New Orleans.<ref name=obit/>
Gallinghouse's pursuit of corruption in government hurt his own career prospects. The [[American Bar Association]] rendered him an "unsuitable" designation, which may have kept President [[Gera;d Ford]] from naming him to a vacant position as a U.S. District Judge. [[Ben C. Toledano]], a New Orleans Republican figure who ran for mayor in 1970 and the U.S. Senate in 1972 and was a journalist for such publications as ''[[National Review]],'' attributed the "unsuitable" rating from the ABA to the system of "anonymous comments" from attorneys in the big law firms in the New Orleans area who disliked the investigations that Gallinghouse had conducted<ref name=crider/> or like students blackballing their professors in anonymous evaluations.
In his later years, Gallinghouse resided in The Woodlands in the [[Houston, Texas|Houston]] metropolitan area, where he died in 2007 at the age of eighty-seven. Services were held on December 1, 2007, at Lake Lawn Metairie Funeral Home in New Orleans. Gallinghouse, who was [[Anglican]], was survived by his wife, the former Clara Van LeMaire (born c. 1932); two sons, Gerald Gallinghouse, Jr., M.D., of [[Austin]], Texas, and Van LeMaire Gallinghouse of New Orleans, and five grandchildren. His obituary does not indicate his cause of death, place of interment, nor his year of retirement from his law practice.<ref name=obit/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gallinghouse, Gerald J.}}
[[Category:Louisiana People]]
[[Category:Attorneys]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Judges]]
[[Category:United States Navy]] sailors
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Anglicans]]