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The '''Donbas war''' began in 2014 when the [[Obama administration]]-backed [[Maidan coup]] overthrew the [[democracy|democratically]] elected president of [[Ukraine]].<ref>https://www.strategic-culture.org/news/2018/06/03/how-why-us-government-perpetrated-2014-coup-ukraine/</ref> [[President Viktor Yanukovych]]'s election had been certified by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). He was the first democratically elected official overthrown in a violent revolution in recent memory. The U.S.-backed [[coup]] was accomplished with the aid of anti-Russian [[neo-Nazi]]s in Ukraine. It was an unconstitutional [[regime change]].
The '''Donbas war''' began in 2014 when the [[Obama administration]]-backed [[Maidan coup]] overthrew the [[democracy|democratically]] elected president of [[Ukraine]].<ref>https://www.strategic-culture.org/news/2018/06/03/how-why-us-government-perpetrated-2014-coup-ukraine/</ref> [[President Viktor Yanukovych]]'s election had been certified by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). He was the first democratically elected official overthrown in a violent revolution in recent memory. The U.S.-backed [[coup]] was accomplished with the aid of anti-Russian [[neo-Nazi]]s in Ukraine. It was an unconstitutional [[regime change]].
==Crimean Annexation==
{{See also|Crimean Annexation}}
[[Crimea]] held a referendum and rejoined Russia rather than live under an illegal government. However, Russia did not accept the results of the [[Donetsk]] and [[Lugansk]] referendums in the Don River Basin, collectively known as Donbas. Donetsk and Luhansk declared independence from [[Kyiv]] and became known as the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. The Kyiv regime tried to retake the two separatist provinces.
[[Crimea]] held a referendum and rejoined Russia rather than live under an illegal government. However, Russia did not accept the results of the [[Donetsk]] and [[Lugansk]] referendums in the Don River Basin, collectively known as Donbas. Donetsk and Luhansk declared independence from [[Kyiv]] and became known as the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. The Kyiv regime tried to retake the two separatist provinces.
As of 2021, 13,000 people have been killed in the conflict.<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/29thReportUkraine_EN.pdf</ref>
As of 2021, 13,000 people have been killed in the conflict.<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/29thReportUkraine_EN.pdf</ref>
==Minsk Agreements==
==Minsk Agreements==
The Minsk Agreements established a 12-point roadmap to ensure an immediate bilateral ceasefire; carry out decentralization of power, allowing temporary local self-government in areas of Donetsk and Luhansk in eastern Ukraine under a "special status" law; immediately free all hostages and illegally detained persons; ensure monitoring on the Ukrainian-Russian border and a security zone; ensure the holding of snap local elections in Donetsk and Luhansk; remove illegal armed groups, military hardware, and all fighters and mercenaries from Ukrainian territory; pass a law against the prosecution and punishment of people over certain events in Donetsk and Luhansk region.<ref>https://archive.fo/owxxq</ref>
A truce was negotiated between the two separatist Republics and the Kyiv regime in 2015 in the [[Belarus]]ian capital of [[Minsk]] and known as the Minsk Agreements. The Agreements were negotiated with the help of [[France]] and [[Germany]]. [[Moscow]] backed the Minsk Agreements which Kyiv also agreed to, and the [[United Nations Security Council]] endorsed the agreements as well. The Minsk Agreements would give autonomy to the two provinces while remaining part of Ukraine. However the Ukraine regime did nothing to further implement the agreements after 2015, and only a ceasefire for the use of heavy weapons (tanks and artillery) remained in place.
The Minsk Agreements established a 12-point roadmap to ensure an immediate bilateral ceasefire; carry out decentralization of power, allowing temp
orary local self-government in areas of Donetsk and Luhansk in eastern Ukraine under a "special status" law; immediately free all hostages and illegally detained persons; ensure monitoring on the Ukrainian-Russian border and a security zone; ensure the holding of snap local elections in Donetsk and Luhansk; remove illegal armed groups, military hardware, and all fighters and mercenaries from Ukrainian territory; pass a law against the prosecution and punishment of people over certain events in Donetsk and Luhansk region.<ref>https://archive.fo/owxxq</ref>
The agreement was drawn-up by the Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine, which consisted of representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]].<ref>[http://www.osce.org/home/123124 Press statement by the Trilateral Contact Group], Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, 2 September 2014</ref> with mediation by the leaders of [[France]] and [[Germany]].<ref>https://www.csis.org/analysis/impact-normandy-format-conflict-ukraine-four-leaders-three-cease-fires-and-two-summits</ref> The agreement aimed to implement an immediate ceasefire. It failed to stop fighting in Donbas,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023221330/http://www.skynews.com.au/news/world/mideast/2014/10/23/ukraine-rebels-vow-to-take-back-cities.html Ukraine rebels vow to take back cities], 23 October 2014</ref> and was followed with a new package of measures, called '''Minsk II''', which was signed on February 12, 2015.<ref name="BBC12FEB">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31435812 | title=Ukraine crisis: Leaders agree peace roadmap | work=BBC News | date=12 February 2015 | access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref>
The agreement was drawn-up by the Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine, which consisted of representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]].<ref>[http://www.osce.org/home/123124 Press statement by the Trilateral Contact Group], Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, 2 September 2014</ref> with mediation by the leaders of [[France]] and [[Germany]].<ref>https://www.csis.org/analysis/impact-normandy-format-conflict-ukraine-four-leaders-three-cease-fires-and-two-summits</ref> The agreement aimed to implement an immediate ceasefire. It failed to stop fighting in Donbas,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023221330/http://www.skynews.com.au/news/world/mideast/2014/10/23/ukraine-rebels-vow-to-take-back-cities.html Ukraine rebels vow to take back cities], 23 October 2014</ref> and was followed with a new package of measures, called '''Minsk II''', which was signed on February 12, 2015.<ref name="BBC12FEB">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31435812 | title=Ukraine crisis: Leaders agree peace roadmap | work=BBC News | date=12 February 2015 | access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref>