Changes

[[Image:al_qaeda.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Osama bin Laden with Al-Qaeda members]]

[[File:C9Pak4-W0AIldKy (1).jpg|right|450px|thumb|[[Biden]] [[national security adviisor]] and [[Trump-Russia hoax]]er [[Jake Sullivan]]<ref>

http://www.defenddemocracy.org/a-conversation-with-jake-sullivan-video/</ref> to Hillary Clinton: "Al Qaeda is on our side."]]

'''Al-Qaeda''' ([[Arabic]]: القاعدة‎, Translation: ''the base'') is an international Islamic [[Jihadism|Jihadist]] [[terrorism|terrorist]] organization founded in 1988, in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan. According to the 9/11 Commission Report, Osama bin Bin Ladin and his comrades had their own sources of support and training, and they received little or no assistance from the United States,<ref>9/11 Commission Report, [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/sec2.pdf ''The Foundation of the New Terrorism''], pg. 56.</ref><ref>In his memoir, Ayman al-Zawahiri contemptuously rejects the claim that the Arab mujahideen were financed (even “one penny”) or trained by the United States. See Zawahiri, “Knights Under the Prophet’s Banner,” Al Sharq al Awsat, Dec. 2, 2001. CIA officials involved in aiding the Afghan resistance regard Bin Ladin and his “Arab Afghans” as having been militarily insignificant in the war and recall having little to do with him. Gary Schroen interview (Mar. 3, 2003).</ref> which only provided funding to indigenous Afghan ''mujaheddin'', which al-Qaeda was not. It was led by [[Osama Bin Laden]] until he was killed by Navy SEALs and CIA operatives on May 2, 2011. It is predominantly composed of fanatical [[Sunni]] [[Islam|Muslim]]s. [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], former leader of the [[Egypt]]ian terrorist group called the [[Muslim Brotherhood|Islamic Brotherhood]], now leads Al Qaeda since Bin Laden's death. Zawahiri has increasingly become the spokesperson for the terrorist network.

'''Al-Qaeda''' ([[Arabic]]: القاعدة‎, Translation: ''the base'') is an international Islamic [[Jihadism|Jihadist]] [[terrorism|terrorist]] organization founded in 1988, in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan. According to the 9/11 Commission Report, Osama bin Bin Ladin and his comrades had their own sources of support and training, and they received little or no assistance from the United States,<ref>9/11 Commission Report, [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/sec2.pdf ''The Foundation of the New Terrorism''], pg. 56.</ref><ref>In his memoir, Ayman al-Zawahiri contemptuously rejects the claim that the Arab mujahideen were financed (even “one penny”) or trained by the United States. See Zawahiri, “Knights Under the Prophet’s Banner,” Al Sharq al Awsat, Dec. 2, 2001. CIA officials involved in aiding the Afghan resistance regard Bin Ladin and his “Arab Afghans” as having been militarily insignificant in the war and recall having little to do with him. Gary Schroen interview (Mar. 3, 2003).</ref> which only provided funding to indigenous Afghan ''mujaheddin'', which al-Qaeda was not. It was led by [[Osama Bin Laden]] until he was killed by Navy SEALs and CIA operatives on May 2, 2011. It is predominantly composed of fanatical [[Sunni]] [[Islam|Muslim]]s. [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], former leader of the [[Egypt]]ian terrorist group called the [[Muslim Brotherhood|Islamic Brotherhood]], now leads Al Qaeda since Bin Laden's death. Zawahiri has increasingly become the spokesperson for the terrorist network.

==Redirection==

==Redirection==

A March 7, 2007, article entitled, "The Redirection" described a recent shift in the George W. Bush administration's Iraq policy, the goal of which Hersh said was to "contain" Iran. Hersh asserted that "a by-product of these activities has been the bolstering of Sunni extremist groups that espouse a militant vision of Islam and are hostile to America and sympathetic to Al Qaeda."<ref>{{cite journal |first=Seymour M. |last=Hersh |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/03/05/070305fa_fact_hersh |title=Annals of National Security: The Redirection |journal=[[The New Yorker]] |date=March 5, 2007 }}</ref>

A March 7, 2007, article entitled, "The Redirection" described a recent shift in the George W. Bush administration's Iraq policy, the goal of which Hersh said was to "contain" Iran. Hersh asserted that "a by-product of these activities has been the bolstering of Sunni extremist groups that espouse a militant vision of Islam and are hostile to America and sympathetic to Al Qaeda."<ref>{{cite journal |first=Seymour M. |last=Hersh |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/03/05/070305fa_fact_hersh |title=Annals of National Security: The Redirection |journal=[[The New Yorker]] |date=March 5, 2007 }}</ref>

 

By late 2009 analysts were reporting a decline in the strength and appeal of Al Qaeda. Its leadership was forced to retreat to remote mountain villages in Pakistan, and many leaders had been killed by missiles and manhunts. Its tactics of killing innocent civilians were said to have lost favor with the Muslim population in some countries.  During the Bush/Cheney years of 2002 and 2009 the notion that suicide bombings are "often or sometimes justified" plunged across the Islamic world.  Its terrorists  launched 10 major attacks worldwide in 2004 but only three by 2008. "Al Qaeda is in the process of imploding," concluded professor Audrey Kurth Cronin of the National War College in Washington. In September 2009 American-led forces killed the leader of the Somali organization "Al Shabab," which is allied with Al Qaeda; the police in Indonesia killed the most wanted terrorist in Southeast Asia.  It has become much harder for terrorists to move agents, money and supplies.<ref>Scott Shane, "Rethinking What to Fear," ''New York Times'' Sept. 27, 2009</ref>

By late 2009 analysts were reporting a decline in the strength and appeal of Al Qaeda. Its leadership was forced to retreat to remote mountain villages in Pakistan, and many leaders had been killed by missiles and manhunts. Its tactics of killing innocent civilians were said to have lost favor with the Muslim population in some countries.  During the Bush/Cheney years of 2002 and 2009 the notion that suicide bombings are "often or sometimes justified" plunged across the Islamic world.  Its terrorists  launched 10 major attacks worldwide in 2004 but only three by 2008. "Al Qaeda is in the process of imploding," concluded professor Audrey Kurth Cronin of the National War College in Washington. In September 2009 American-led forces killed the leader of the Somali organization "Al Shabab," which is allied with Al Qaeda; the police in Indonesia killed the most wanted terrorist in Southeast Asia.  It has become much harder for terrorists to move agents, money and supplies.<ref>Scott Shane, "Rethinking What to Fear," ''New York Times'' Sept. 27, 2009</ref>

In March 2010 Abdulhakim Belhadj was released from Abu Salim prison in [[Libya]]<ref>http://docslide.us/documents/updated-fact-sheet-may-4-2013.html</ref> after serving 6 years in custody. Belhadj had brought to Libya under the CIA's [[extraordinary rendition]] program in 2004. Belhadj was chased out of Libya by Gaddafi in 1988<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Libya’s rebel leader with a past|author=Vicken Cheterian|journal=[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]|date=May 2012 |url=http://mondediplo.com/2012/05/08libya }}</ref> and arrived in [[Afghanistan]] where he joined the [[Taliban]].<ref name=LeMondeTime>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2091744,00.html|title='We Are Simply Muslim': Libyan Rebel Chief Denies Al-Qaeda Ties|newspaper=Time Magazine|date=4 September 2011|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="asharq">{{cite news|url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=1&id=26357|title=From Holy warrior to hero of a revolution: Abdelhakim Belhadj| newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|accessdate=}}</ref> After the Taliban captured Kabul in 1992 he returned to Libya where he and others formed the [[Libyan Islamic Fighting Group]] (LIFG). Belhadj was reported to have followed [[Osama Bin Laden]] when the [[al-Qaeda]] leader moved the center of its operations from Afghanistan to [[Sudan]] in 1996.<ref name=":0">Burr, J. Millard (2014-10-13). "Libya – Ali al-Salabi and the Re-Emerging Muslim Brotherhood." American Center for Democracy.</ref> The relation between LIGF and al-Qaeda was officially confirmed in October 2001, when the UN Security Council designated the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group as a terrorist entity for its association with al-Qaeda, Bin Laden and the Taliban. The [[UN Security Council]] specified that the LIFG relation with al-Qaeda was substantiated through the group's involvement in  

In March 2010 Abdulhakim Belhadj was released from Abu Salim prison in [[Libya]]<ref>http://docslide.us/documents/updated-fact-sheet-may-4-2013.html</ref> after serving 6 years in custody. Belhadj had brought to Libya under the CIA's [[extraordinary rendition]] program in 2004. Belhadj was chased out of Libya by Gaddafi in 1988<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Libya’s rebel leader with a past|author=Vicken Cheterian|journal=[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]|date=May 2012 |url=http://mondediplo.com/2012/05/08libya }}</ref> and arrived in [[Afghanistan]] where he joined the [[Taliban]].<ref name=LeMondeTime>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2091744,00.html|title='We Are Simply Muslim': Libyan Rebel Chief Denies Al-Qaeda Ties|newspaper=Time Magazine|date=4 September 2011|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="asharq">{{cite news|url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=1&id=26357|title=From Holy warrior to hero of a revolution: Abdelhakim Belhadj| newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|accessdate=}}</ref> After the Taliban captured Kabul in 1992 he returned to Libya where he and others formed the [[Libyan Islamic Fighting Group]] (LIFG). Belhadj was reported to have followed [[Osama Bin Laden]] when the [[al-Qaeda]] leader moved the center of its operations from Afghanistan to [[Sudan]] in 1996.<ref name=":0">Burr, J. Millard (2014-10-13). "Libya – Ali al-Salabi and the Re-Emerging Muslim Brotherhood." American Center for Democracy.</ref> The relation between LIGF and al-Qaeda was officially confirmed in October 2001, when the UN Security Council designated the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group as a terrorist entity for its association with al-Qaeda, Bin Laden and the Taliban. The [[UN Security Council]] specified that the LIFG relation with al-Qaeda was substantiated through the group's involvement in  

{{Quotebox|"the financing, planning, facilitating, preparing or perpetrating of acts or activities by, in conjunction with, under the name of, on behalf or in support of," "supplying, selling or transferring arms and related materiel to" or "otherwise supporting acts or activities of" Al-Qaida [...], Usama bin Laden and the Taliban."<ref>https://www.un.org/sc/suborg/en/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/entity/libyan-islamic-fighting-group</ref> }}In 2002 an arrest warrant was issued for Belhadj by the Libyan authorities after Gaddafi's reconciliation with Western powers and three assassination attempt's on Gaddafi's life by the LIFG. The arrest warrant alleged that Belhadj had developed "close relationships" with al-Qaeda leaders, and specifically Taliban chief Mullah Omar, and to have run and financed training camps for Arab mujahideen fighters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14786753|title=Profile: Libyan rebel commander Abdel Hakim Belhaj|newspaper=BBC News|date=5 September 2011|accessdate=}}</ref> After the US invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001, Belhadj fled and was arrested in [[Malaysia]] in 2004 where he was rendered by the CIA to Libya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Special report: Rendition ordeal that raises new questions about secret trials |author=Ian Cobain|newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 April 2012|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/08/special-report-britain-rendition-libya}}</ref>

{{Quotebox-float|"the financing, planning, facilitating, preparing or perpetrating of acts or activities by, in conjunction with, under the name of, on behalf or in support of," "supplying, selling or transferring arms and related materiel to" or "otherwise supporting acts or activities of" Al-Qaida [...], Usama bin Laden and the Taliban."<ref>https://www.un.org/sc/suborg/en/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/entity/libyan-islamic-fighting-group</ref> }}In 2002 an arrest warrant was issued for Belhadj by the Libyan authorities after Gaddafi's reconciliation with Western powers and three assassination attempt's on Gaddafi's life by the LIFG. The arrest warrant alleged that Belhadj had developed "close relationships" with al-Qaeda leaders, and specifically Taliban chief Mullah Omar, and to have run and financed training camps for Arab mujahideen fighters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14786753|title=Profile: Libyan rebel commander Abdel Hakim Belhaj|newspaper=BBC News|date=5 September 2011|accessdate=}}</ref> After the US invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001, Belhadj fled and was arrested in [[Malaysia]] in 2004 where he was rendered by the CIA to Libya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Special report: Rendition ordeal that raises new questions about secret trials |author=Ian Cobain|newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 April 2012|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/08/special-report-britain-rendition-libya}}</ref>

on Friday March 8, 2011, President Obama told reporters he would appoint an official to maintain contact with the "Libyan opposition." The number two official at the U.S. Embassy in Tripoli, [[Christopher Stevens]]<ref>[http://abcnewsradioonline.com/world-news/us-names-chris-stevens-liaison-to-libyan-opposition.html US Names Chris Stevens Liaison to Libyan Opposition,]  ABC News Radio, March 14, 2011.</ref>  was tasked with helping to coordinate assistance to the "rebels," whose top military commander, Abdelhakim Belhadj, was the leader of the Al Qaeda affiliate, the [[Libyan Islamic Fighting Group]] (LIFG).<ref>[http://counterjihadreport.com/tag/libyan-islamic-fighting-group/ ‘White Out’ on Benghazi: State Dept. Issues Report,] Clare Lopez, December 23, 2012. http://counterjihadreport.com</ref> Hillary Clinton attended a meeting in Paris with Stevens and representatives of the "Libyan opposition," as did U.S. Ambassador Gene Cretz, who has also had contacts with the "opposition." Clinton discussed what she persuaded the Obama administration to do to help the [[jihad]]is, and that they would do more than just provide humanitarian aid.

on Friday March 8, 2011, President Obama told reporters he would appoint an official to maintain contact with the "Libyan opposition." The number two official at the U.S. Embassy in Tripoli, [[Christopher Stevens]]<ref>[http://abcnewsradioonline.com/world-news/us-names-chris-stevens-liaison-to-libyan-opposition.html US Names Chris Stevens Liaison to Libyan Opposition,]  ABC News Radio, March 14, 2011.</ref>  was tasked with helping to coordinate assistance to the "rebels," whose top military commander, Abdelhakim Belhadj, was the leader of the Al Qaeda affiliate, the [[Libyan Islamic Fighting Group]] (LIFG).<ref>[http://counterjihadreport.com/tag/libyan-islamic-fighting-group/ ‘White Out’ on Benghazi: State Dept. Issues Report,] Clare Lopez, December 23, 2012. http://counterjihadreport.com</ref> Hillary Clinton attended a meeting in Paris with Stevens and representatives of the "Libyan opposition," as did U.S. Ambassador Gene Cretz, who has also had contacts with the "opposition." Clinton discussed what she persuaded the Obama administration to do to help the [[jihad]]is, and that they would do more than just provide humanitarian aid.

On October 5, 2014, the Shura Council of Shabab al-Islam Derna, Libya declared itself part of the Islamic State. In February 2015 the ISIS jihadis beheaded 21 Christians and distributed an uncut video of the gruesome event to world. On March 2, 2015 Katherine Herrige of FOX News reported that Obama administration senior intelligence officials told her Abdelhakim Belhadj is firmly aligned with ISIS and supports the Islamic State training camps in eastern Libya.  

On October 5, 2014, the Shura Council of Shabab al-Islam Derna, Libya declared itself part of the Islamic State. In February 2015 the ISIS jihadis beheaded 21 Christians and distributed an uncut video of the gruesome event to world. On March 2, 2015 Katherine Herrige of FOX News reported that Obama administration senior intelligence officials told her Abdelhakim Belhadj is firmly aligned with ISIS and supports the Islamic State training camps in eastern Libya.  

{{Quotebox|"Critics say Libya's new position as a safe haven for ISIS reflects one of the most significant policy failures of the so-called Arab Spring."}}

{{Quotebox-float|"Critics say Libya's new position as a safe haven for ISIS reflects one of the most significant policy failures of the so-called Arab Spring."}}

Herridge added that counter-terrorism sources have confirmed that the new support base for ISIS in eastern Libya is now providing "tangible assistance" in the form of training camps around the city of Derna, in addition to a growing number of Libyan fighters joining the terror group in Syria and Iraq.<ref>https://insider.foxnews.com/2015/03/02/catherine-herridge-isis-has-turned-libya-new-support-base-safe-haven</ref>

Herridge added that counter-terrorism sources have confirmed that the new support base for ISIS in eastern Libya is now providing "tangible assistance" in the form of training camps around the city of Derna, in addition to a growing number of Libyan fighters joining the terror group in Syria and Iraq.<ref>https://insider.foxnews.com/2015/03/02/catherine-herridge-isis-has-turned-libya-new-support-base-safe-haven</ref>

==Al Qaeda in North Africa==

==Al Qaeda in North Africa==

{{Main|Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb}}

{{Main|Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb}}

The [[Benghazi rebellion]] started as a series of protests in eastern [[Libya]] on February 16, 2011. Ansar al-Shariah, an offshoot of Al-Qaida in the Maghreb (AQIM), vowed to overthrow [[secular]] strongman [[Muammar Gaddafi]]<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/24/al-qaeda-in-n-africa-backs-libya-uprising-site.html Al Qaeda in N. Africa backs Libya uprising: SITE]</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/mar/07/libya-uprising-live-updates Libya uprising.]</ref> and establish [[Sharia]].  

The [[Benghazi rebellion]] started as a series of protests in eastern [[Libya]] on February 16, 2011. Ansar al-Shariah, an offshoot of Al-Qaida in the Maghreb (AQIM), vowed to overthrow [[secular]] strongman [[Muammar Gaddafi]]<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/24/al-qaeda-in-n-africa-backs-libya-uprising-site.html Al Qaeda in N. Africa backs Libya uprising: SITE]</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/mar/07/libya-uprising-live-updates Libya uprising.]</ref> and establish [[Sharia]].