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{{move|William Philip Gramm}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name=William Philip “Phil” Gramm
|name=William Philip “Phil” Gramm
|image=PhilGramm.jpg
|birth_place=Fort Benning, [[Georgia]], USA
|birth_place=Fort Benning, [[Georgia]], USA
|birth_date=July 8, 1942
|birth_date=July 8, 1942
|succeeded2=Joe Barton
|succeeded2=Joe Barton
|term_start3=January 3, 1979
|term_start3=January 3, 1979
|term_end3=January 5, 1985
|term_end3=January 5, 1983
|preceded3=Olin "Tiger" Teague
|preceded3=Olin "Tiger" Teague
|succeeded3=''(himself)
|succeeded3=''(himself)
}}
}}
'''William Philip Gramm''' (born July 8, 1942), known as '''Phil Gramm''', is an American [[politician]] from [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]]. Born in [[Georgia]] and a three-degree graduate of the [[University of Georgia]] at Athens, Gramm was elected in 1978 as a [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] to the Ninety-sixth Congress for the district including Bryan and College Station, at which he was a member of the economics faculty at [[Texas A&M University]].
'''William Philip Gramm''' (born July 8, 1942), known as '''Phil Gramm''', is an American [[politician]] from [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]]. Born in [[Georgia]] and a three-degree graduate of the [[University of Georgia]] at Athens, Gramm was elected in 1978<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=53666 TX District 6]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> as a [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] to the Ninety-sixth Congress for the district including Bryan and College Station, at which he was a member of the economics faculty at [[Texas A&M University]].
==Political career==
==Political career==
===U.S. House of Representatives===
===U.S. House of Representatives===
After being re-elected in 1982, Gramm was tossed out of the House Budget Committee. In retaliation, he resigned from his post on January 5, 1983 to run for the same seat as a [[Republican]]. The resulting special election triggered by his resignation was won by him on February 12, 1983.
After being re-elected in 1982,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37262 TX District 6]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> Gramm was tossed out of the House Budget Committee for backing much of President [[Ronald Reagan]]'s economic policies.<ref>Reinhold, Robert (January 6, 1983). [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/06/us/gramm-quits-house-for-gop-race.html GRAMM QUITS HOUSE FOR G.O.P. RACE]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> In retaliation, he resigned from his post on January 5, 1983 to run for the same seat as a [[Republican]]. The resulting special election triggered by his resignation was won by him on February 12, 1983.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=69037 TX District 6 - Special Election]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref>
Having helped lead what remained of the [[Conservative Coalition]], Gramm ensured the passage of President Reagan's initiatives in the House even as Democrats controlled the chamber by a significant majority. After switching parties, he faced backlash from the Democrat leadership; Rep. Tony Coelho of [[California]] remarked:<ref name=latimes>Tumulty, Karen (November 13, 1985). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-11-13-mn-5379-story.html Gramm’s Politics of Controversy : Plan for Balanced Budget Keeps Capital Off Balance]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref>
{{cquote|[Gramm] was a traitor.}}
His decision was contrary to the stubbornness of his family (including his maternal grandmother, a staunch Democrat) who resented the [[Republican Party]]; Gramm asserted on the matter:<ref name=nytimes>Roberts, Steven V. (March 30, 1986). [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/30/magazine/phil-gramm-s-crusade-against-the-deficit.html PHIL GRAMM'S CRUSADE AGAINST THE DEFICIT]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref>
{{cquote|The Republicans were the guys in the blue shirts who burned down my grandmother's grandmother's house. I never met a Republican till I was grown.}}
An outspoken [[fiscal conservative]],<ref name=nytimes/> Gramm fought to cut federal spending and [[balanced budget|balance the budget]].<ref name=latimes/>
===U.S. Senate===
===U.S. Senate===
He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1984; reelected in 1990 and again in 1996 and served from January 3, 1985, to November 30, 2002, when he resigned. He held the seat filled by Republican [[John Tower]] from 1961 to 1985.
He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1984,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3697 TX US Senate]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> reelected in 1990<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3508 TX US Senate]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> and again in 1996;<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=187 TX US Senate]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref> he served from January 3, 1985 to November 30, 2002, when he resigned. Gramm's predecessor was [[conservative]]-turned-[[Moderate Republican]] [[John Tower]], who held the position from 1961 to 1985.
According to a GovTrack ranking in 2002, Gramm held a mostly [[conservative]] tenure in the Senate.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/phil_gramm/300159 Sen. Phil Gramm]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 22, 2021.</ref>
===Post-congressional===
===Post-congressional===
He was campaign co-chair and a senior economic adviser to [[John McCain]]'s presidential campaign from the summer of 2007 until July 18, 2008. He stepped down after he publicly stated that "We have sort of become a nation of whiners, you just hear this constant whining, complaining about a loss of competitiveness, America in decline."<ref>{{cite web|last=Hill |first=Patrice |url=http://www.washtimes.com/news/2008/jul/09/mccain-adviser-addresses-mental-recession/ |title=Washington Times - McCain adviser talks of 'mental recession' |publisher=Washtimes.com |date=July 9, 2008 |accessdate=August 28, 2012}}</ref> McCain's opponent, then Senator [[Barack H. Obama]], stated, "America already has one [[Dr. Phil]]. We don't need another one when it comes to the economy. ... This economic downturn is not in your head."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/election2008/2008-07-10-obama-gramm_N.htm?csp=34|author=Associated Press|title=Obama on Gramm: 'America already has one Dr. Phil'|publisher=''[[USA Today]]''|date=July 10, 2008|accessdate=August 28, 2012}}</ref>
He was campaign co-chair and a senior economic adviser to [[John McCain]]'s presidential campaign from the summer of 2007 until July 18, 2008. He stepped down after he publicly stated:<ref>{{cite web|last=Hill |first=Patrice |url=http://www.washtimes.com/news/2008/jul/09/mccain-adviser-addresses-mental-recession/ |title=Washington Times - McCain adviser talks of 'mental recession' |publisher=Washtimes.com |date=July 9, 2008 |accessdate=August 28, 2012}}</ref>
{{quotebox|"We have sort of become a nation of whiners, you just hear this constant whining, complaining about a loss of competitiveness, America in decline."}}
McCain's opponent, then-senator [[Barack H. Obama]], stated, "America already has one [[Dr. Phil]]. We don't need another one when it comes to the economy. ... This economic downturn is not in your head."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/election2008/2008-07-10-obama-gramm_N.htm?csp=34|author=Associated Press|title=Obama on Gramm: 'America already has one Dr. Phil'|publisher=''[[USA Today]]''|date=July 10, 2008|accessdate=August 28, 2012}}</ref>
Gramm is a strong advocate of [[school choice]] and has criticized Republicans in Texas for failing to fully implement it.<ref>TExas Public Policy Foundation (October 9, 2018). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqU9-gV4_Hc Keynote Speaker- The Honorable Phil Gramm]. ''YouTube''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> Legislation to further such has previously been blocked in the Texas House of Representatives by [[Moderate Republican]] House Speaker [[Joe Straus]],<ref>Sullivan, Michael Quinn (February 16, 2014). [https://www.breitbart.com/border/2014/02/16/shining-light-on-house-speaker-joe-straus/ Shining Light On Texas House Speaker Joe Straus]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref><ref>Ward, Kenric (October 25, 2017). [https://texasmonitor.org/joe-straus-steps-down-john-zerwas-phil-king/ In the face of growing controversy, Straus steps down]. ''The Texas Monitor''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref><ref>Tilove, Jonathan (June 15, 2017). [https://www.statesman.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/foreshadowing-fight-straus-rejects-bathroom-bill-school-choice/RsYuhRwD1wwNR3YEr5T9PJ/ Foreshadowing fight, Straus rejects bathroom bill, school choice]. ''Statesman''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> who held the post for a decade.
==Quotes==
{{cquote|We're the only nation in the world where all our poor people are fat.<ref name=latimes/>}}
{{cquote|I don't just have faith in the free enterprise system, I have evidence.<ref name=nytimes/>}}
{{cquote|Eight-four percent of Texas primary voters support school choice, but the teachers' union in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] is blocking new legislation that lets parents take their share of tax money spent on education and send their children to the school of their choice. Let your legislator know that you demand that a vote be held on school choice.<ref>[https://www.texaspolicy.com/press/tppf-announces-school-choice-radio-ads-featuring-sen-cruz-and-former-sen-gramm TPPF Announces School Choice Radio Ads Featuring Sen. Cruz and Former Sen. Gramm]. ''Texas Public Policy Foundation''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref>}}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000365 Profile] at the ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
*[https://www.aei.org/profile/phil-gramm/ Profile] at the ''American Enterprise Institute
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gramm, William Phillip}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gramm, William Phillip}}
[[Category:United States Politicians]]
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