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[[Image:Max Born.jpg|thumb|300|right|Max Born, Nobel Prize winning German physicist]]
[[Image:Max Born.jpg|thumb|300|right|Max Born, Nobel Prize winning German physicist]]
'''Max Born''' (1882-1970) was a [[Nobel Prize]] winning [[German]] [[Jewish]] [[physicist]] who helped discover [[quantum mechanics]] in the 1920s<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1954/born-bio.html Nobel Prize - Max Born biography]</ref>. Born was one of two children to parents Professor Gustav Born (anatomist and embryologist) and his wife Margarete (daughter of industrialists). Born was first educated at the [[Gymnasium|König Wilhelm Gymnasium]], then at the University of [[Wrocław]], then Heidelberg University and then the University of Zurich.
'''Max Born''' (1882-1970) was a [[Nobel Prize]]-winning [[German]] [[Lutheran]]-convert [[physicist]] who helped discover [[quantum mechanics]] in the 1920s.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1954/born-bio.html Nobel Prize - Max Born biography]</ref> Born into a [[Jewish]] family as one of two children to parents Professor Gustav Born (anatomist and embryologist) and his wife Margarete (daughter of industrialists). Born was first educated at the [[Gymnasium|König Wilhelm Gymnasium]], then at the University of [[Wrocław]], then Heidelberg University and then the University of Zurich.
One of Born's granddaughters was the popular singer and actress [[Olivia Newton-John]].
Max Born was the recipient of a famous letter by [[Albert Einstein]] that declared about [[quantum mechanics]] in December 1926:
{{cquote|The theory produces a good deal but hardly brings us closer to the secret of the Old One. I am at all events convinced that He does not play dice.<ref>https://aeon.co/ideas/what-einstein-meant-by-god-does-not-play-dice (this source italicizes the "He" but others do not)</ref>}}
==Teaching appointments==
==Teaching appointments==
His first professorial appointment came at the University of Frankfurt-on-Main. He then taught theoretical physics at the University of Göttingen during 1921 – 1933. When the [[Nazi]] racial laws started taking effect in Germany in 1933 he fled to [[Britain]] where he taught principally at the University of [[Edinburgh]] from 1936 – 1953. During 1953 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics<ref>[http://www.mbi-berlin.de/en/general/maxborn/index.html Max Born Institute - Vita of Max Born]</ref>.
His first professorial appointment came at the University of Frankfurt-on-Main. He then taught theoretical physics at the University of Göttingen during 1921 – 1933. When the [[Nazi]] racial laws started taking effect in Germany in 1933 he fled to [[Britain]] where he taught principally at the University of [[Edinburgh]] from 1936 – 1953. During 1953 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.<ref>[http://www.mbi-berlin.de/en/general/maxborn/index.html Max Born Institute - Vita of Max Born]</ref>
==Achievements==
==Achievements==
In 1921 he was able to give a very precise definition of the quantity of heat and the most satisfactory mathematical statement of the law of [[thermodynamics]]. His most famous achievement came in 1926 when he collaborated with one of his students, [[Werner Heisenberg]] to develop a mathematical formulation that would describe Heisenberg’s first laws of the new quantum theory (matrix mechanics).
In 1921 he was able to give a very precise definition of the quantity of heat and the most satisfactory mathematical statement of the law of [[thermodynamics]]. His most famous achievement came in 1926 when he collaborated with one of his students, [[Werner Heisenberg]], to develop a mathematical formulation that would describe Heisenberg's first laws of the new quantum theory (matrix mechanics).
Born was reportedly quite disappointed not to be honored with at least a shared Nobel Prize for Physics in 1932, which was given to Heisenberg. But in 1954, Born was granted a shared Nobel Prize for Physics (with Walther Bothe) for their work on the statistical interpretation of quantum theory.<ref>https://www.famousscientists.org/max-born/</ref>
Born died January 5, 1970 in Göttingen, Germany.
Born died January 5, 1970 in Göttingen, Germany.
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[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:Nobel Laureates in Physics]]
[[category:physicists]]
[[Category:Physicists]]
[[Category:German People]]
[[Category:German People]]