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Windows (operating system) (view source)
Revision as of 05:34, November 8, 2022
, 05:34, November 8, 2022The NT numbering circus continues
'''Windows''' is a series of [[operating system]]s produced and maintained by the [[Microsoft Corporation]]. It was estimated that as of December 2007<ref>[http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp OS Statistics]. Refsnes Data. Retrieved 29 January 2008.</ref> Microsoft Windows accounted for nearly 90% of operating system usage, with 3 out of 4 being [[Windows XP]]. Windows is used for desktop, and [[server]] computers,<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/default.mspx Windows Server 2003 R2 Home]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January 2008.</ref> and more recently also for [[cellular phone]]s and tablet computers. It is intended for use with the [[Intel]] x86-64 family of processors.
'''Windows''' is a series of [[operating system]]s produced and maintained by the [[Microsoft Corporation]]. It was estimated that as of December 2007<ref>[http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp OS Statistics]. Refsnes Data. Retrieved 29 January 2008.</ref> Microsoft Windows accounted for nearly 90% of [[Operating system|operating system]] usage, with 3 out of 4 being [[Windows XP]]. Windows is used for desktop, and [[server]] computers,<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/default.mspx Windows Server 2003 R2 Home]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January 2008.</ref> and more recently also for [[cellular phone]]s and tablet computers. It is intended for use with the [[Intel]] x86-64 family of processors.
Early versions of Windows (98 and earlier) were notoriously unreliable, despite (or maybe because of?) Microsoft's near-monopoly share of the operating system market. They crashed so often that the term "blue screen of death" entered the vocabulary. ''See also this satire: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX8yrOAjfKM&feature=related Matrix Runs on Windows XP]''
Early versions of Windows (98 and earlier) were notoriously unreliable, despite (or maybe because of?) Microsoft's near-monopoly share of the desktop operating system market. They crashed so often that the term "blue screen of death" entered the vocabulary.
Initially Windows was a text-based system (MS-DOS). Then a [[Graphical User Interface]] extension was added onto this MS-DOS core<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/windows/WinHistoryProGraphic.mspx Windows History: Windows Desktop Timeline]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January 2008.</ref> It became a full GUI operating system free of the MS-DOS core beginning with the release of Windows NT.
Initially Windows was a text-based system (MS-DOS). Then a [[Graphical User Interface]] extension was added onto this MS-DOS core<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/windows/WinHistoryProGraphic.mspx Windows History: Windows Desktop Timeline]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January 2008.</ref> It became a full GUI operating system free of the MS-DOS core beginning with the release of Windows NT.
||Home Basic: 512MB,<br /> All Others: 1GB<ref>http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/how-much-ram-do-i-need-721332</ref>|| 20GB
||Home Basic: 512MB,<br /> All Others: 1GB<ref>http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/how-much-ram-do-i-need-721332</ref>|| 20GB
|-
|-
| ''Windows Server 2008'' || || 2008 || || || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB,<br /> other x32/86: 20GB,<br /> other x64: 32GB
| ''Windows Server 2008'' || || February 27, 2008 || || || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB,<br /> other x32/86: 20GB,<br /> other x64: 32GB
|-
|-
| '''[[Windows 7]]''' || NT 6.1.7600 || October 22, 2009 ||
| '''[[Windows 7]]''' || NT 6.1.7600 || October 22, 2009 ||
|| [[32-bit Windows|x32]]/x86: 1GB, [[64-bit Windows|x64]]: 2GB<ref name="answers.microsoft.com">http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1</ref>|| [[32-bit Windows|x32]]/x86: 16GB,<br /> [[64-bit Windows|x64]]: 20GB
|| [[32-bit Windows|x32]]/x86: 1GB, [[64-bit Windows|x64]]: 2GB<ref name="answers.microsoft.com">http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1</ref>|| [[32-bit Windows|x32]]/x86: 16GB,<br /> [[64-bit Windows|x64]]: 20GB
|-
|-
| ''Windows Server 2008 R2'' || || 2010 || || *HPC *Standard *Enterprise *Itanium || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB, <br />others: 32GB
| ''Windows Server 2008 R2'' || || 2010 || ||
*HPC
*Standard
*Enterprise
*Itanium
|| 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB, <br />others: 32GB
|-
|-
| ''Windows Embedded Compact 7 || CE 6.0 R3 || 2011 ||
| ''Windows Embedded Compact 7 || CE 6.0 R3 || 2011 ||
||
||
|-
|-
| '''[[Windows 10]]''' || NT 6.4<ref>http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/windows-10s-inventoried-version-number</ref> || July 29, 2015 ||
| '''[[Windows 10]]''' || NT 6.4<ref>http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/windows-10s-inventoried-version-number</ref>
or "NT 10"
|| July 29, 2015 ||
*Designed to collect personal information and customize itself based on preferences
*Designed to collect personal information and customize itself based on preferences
*270 million copies of version 10 are in use as of March 2016.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-nadella-idUSKCN0WW21Q Microsoft's Windows 10 reaches 270 million users, no mobile numbers, Reuters, March 30, 2016]</ref>
*270 million copies of version 10 are in use as of March 2016.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-nadella-idUSKCN0WW21Q Microsoft's Windows 10 reaches 270 million users, no mobile numbers, Reuters, March 30, 2016]</ref>
*Extended support ends October 14, 2025
*Extended support ends October 14, 2025
*Some installs of Windows 10 support "S mode"<ref>https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-and-windows-11-in-s-mode-faq-851057d6-1ee9-b9e5-c30b-93baebeebc85#WindowsVersion=Windows_10</ref>, which includes many functionality restrictions, for user protection.
||
||
* Home
* Home
*Datacenter
*Datacenter
|| ||
|| ||
|-
| '''[[Windows 11]]''' || NT 10 || October 5, 2021 ||
*Officially Requires Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0
*Unofficially, some users have reported running the OS without TPM 2.0 support<ref>https://windowsreport.com/install-windows-11-without-tpm/</ref><ref>https://www.techradar.com/how-to/how-to-upgrade-to-windows-11-without-tpm-20-and-why-you-shouldnt</ref>
*Some installs of Windows 11 support "S mode"<ref>https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-and-windows-11-in-s-mode-faq-851057d6-1ee9-b9e5-c30b-93baebeebc85#WindowsVersion=Windows_11</ref>, which includes many functionality restrictions, for user protection.
||
*Home<ref name="Microsoft Win11 Versions">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/compare-windows-11-home-vs-pro-versions</ref>
*Pro<ref name="Microsoft Win11 Versions">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/compare-windows-11-home-vs-pro-versions</ref>
*Enterprise<ref>https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-11-enterprise</ref>
|| 4GB<ref name="win11 Microsoft Requirements">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-system-requirements-86c11283-ea52-4782-9efd-7674389a7ba3</ref><ref name="windowscentral.com">https://www.windowscentral.com/windows-11-system-requirements</ref> || 64GB<ref name="win11 Microsoft Requirements">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-system-requirements-86c11283-ea52-4782-9efd-7674389a7ba3</ref><ref name="windowscentral.com">https://www.windowscentral.com/windows-11-system-requirements</ref> ||
|-
|-
! Name !! Version Number !! Public Release !! Notes !! Editions !! Minimum [[Random-access memory|RAM]] required !! Minimum [[Hard drive|drive]] space
! Name !! Version Number !! Public Release !! Notes !! Editions !! Minimum [[Random-access memory|RAM]] required !! Minimum [[Hard drive|drive]] space
|}
|}
(Some popular NT releases are listed in '''bold''' and special server releases are listed in ''italic''.) <ref>http://www.nextofwindows.com/a-list-of-windows-operating-system-version-number</ref><ref>http://www.computerhope.com/whow.htm</ref><ref>http://www.carrona.org/winreldt.html#31</ref><ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history#T1=era0</ref>
(Some popular NT releases are listed in '''bold''' and special server releases are listed in ''italic''.) <ref>http://www.nextofwindows.com/a-list-of-windows-operating-system-version-number</ref><ref>http://www.computerhope.com/whow.htm</ref><ref>http://www.carrona.org/winreldt.html#31</ref><ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history#T1=era0</ref>
==External links==
==External links==
*[https://www.microsoft.com/windows/default.mspx Microsoft Windows Home Page]
*[https://www.microsoft.com/windows/default.mspx Microsoft Windows Home Page]
*''Fun satire: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX8yrOAjfKM&feature=related Matrix Runs on Windows XP]''
[[Category:Operating Systems]]
[[Category:Operating Systems]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]