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== Miron Zuckerman meta-study ==

== Miron Zuckerman meta-study ==

A [[Meta-analysis|meta-study]] conducted by Miron Zuckerman, a psychologist at the University of Rochester, examined 63 studies that measured intelligence and religiosity which found that atheists scored higher on [[Intelligence testing|intelligence tests]].<ref>[http://www.religionnews.com/2013/08/16/are-atheists-smarter-than-believers-not-exactly/ Are atheists smarter than believers? Not exactly]</ref>

A [[Meta-analysis|meta-study]] conducted by Miron Zuckerman, a psychologist at the University of Rochester, examined 63 studies that measured intelligence and religiosity which found that atheists scored higher on [[Intelligence testing|intelligence tests]].<ref>[http://www.religionnews.com/2013/08/16/are-atheists-smarter-than-believers-not-exactly/ Are atheists smarter than believers? Not exactly]</ref>

=== Vox Day's criticisms of Zuckerman's study ===

=== Theodore Beale's criticisms of Zuckerman's study ===

Vox Day pointed out that:  

Theodore Beale pointed out that:  

1. Metastudies are often unreliable (researchers can arbitrarily pick which studies they include or exclude)

1. Metastudies are often unreliable (researchers can arbitrarily pick which studies they include or exclude)

2. The atheist population is skewed as far as a [[Western atheism and race|predominance of caucasians]] (IQ tests are biased against racial minorities,<ref>[http://academics.hamilton.edu/government/home/government_375/sp97/Race&Testing/rt4.html Race and testing]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/j/jencks-gap.html The Black-White Test Score Gap]</ref> see also: [[Western atheism and race]])  

2. The atheist population is skewed as far as a [[Western atheism and race|predominance of caucasians]] (IQ tests are biased against racial minorities,<ref>[http://academics.hamilton.edu/government/home/government_375/sp97/Race&Testing/rt4.html Race and testing]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/j/jencks-gap.html The Black-White Test Score Gap]</ref> see also: [[Western atheism and race]])  

3. Given the relative size of the atheist population compared to the much larger [[Theism|theist]] population, there are still many more intelligent theists than atheists (as noted above there are over eleven times the number of high intelligent theists relative to the number of high intelligent atheists)<ref>[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2013/08/mailvox-superior-atheist-intelligence.html MailVox: Superior atheist intelligence]</ref>  

3. Given the relative size of the atheist population compared to the much larger [[Theism|theist]] population, there are still many more intelligent theists than atheists (as noted above there are over eleven times the number of high intelligent theists relative to the number of high intelligent atheists)<ref>[https://voxday.net/2013/08/14/mailvox-superior-atheist-intelligence/ MailVox: Superior atheist intelligence]</ref>  

===  Dr. William M. Briggs criticisms of Zuckerman's study ===

===  Dr. William M. Briggs criticisms of Zuckerman's study ===