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→History of New Zealand
==History of New Zealand==
==History of New Zealand==
Archaeological evidence indicates that New Zealand was populated by fishing and hunting people of East Polynesian ancestry, the ancestors of the modern Māori, some time in the thirteenth century.<ref>Michael King The Penguin History of New Zealand, 2003.</ref> Some of the Māori called their new homeland "Aotearoa," usually translated as "land of the long white cloud."
In 1642, Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator, made the first recorded European sighting of New Zealand and sketched sections of the two main islands' west coasts. British explorer [[James Cook]] thoroughly explored the coastline during three South Pacific voyages beginning in 1769. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, lumbering, seal hunting, and [[whaling]] attracted a few European settlers to New Zealand. In 1840, the British established their sovereignty and signed the Treaty of Waitangi with Māori chiefs.
[[File:Paparoa National Bank building former New Zealand.jpg|thumb|left|270px|Former Paparoa National Bank building.]]
In the same year, British settlers began the colonization process. Expanding British settlement led to conflict with Māori, most notably in the Māori land wars of the 1860s. British and colonial forces eventually overcame determined Māori resistance. During this period, many Māori died from disease and warfare, much of it intertribal.
Constitutional government began to develop in the 1850s. In 1867, the Māori won the right to a certain number of reserved seats in parliament. During this period, the livestock industry began to expand, and the foundations of New Zealand's modern economy took shape. By the end of the 19th century, improved transportation facilities made possible a great overseas trade in wool, meat, and dairy products.
By the 1890s, parliamentary government along democratic lines was well-established, and New Zealand's social institutions assumed their present form. Women received the right to vote in national elections in 1893. The turn of the century brought sweeping social reforms that built the foundation for New Zealand's version of the welfare state.
The Māori gradually recovered from population decline and, through interaction and intermarriage with settlers and missionaries, adopted much of European culture. In recent decades, Māori have become increasingly urbanized and have become more politically active and culturally assertive. They now have a number of political parties and enjoy some political influence.
New Zealand was declared a dominion by a royal proclamation in 1907. It achieved full internal and external autonomy by the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act in 1947, although this merely formalized a situation that had existed for many years.
===2017-2023===
===2017-2023===
[[File:Jacinda Ardern socialist news story.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Totalitarian fascist dictator Jacinda Ardern was forced into retirement in early 2023.]]
[[File:Jacinda Ardern socialist news story.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Totalitarian fascist dictator Jacinda Ardern was forced into retirement in early 2023.]]