Changes

Roosevelt, in need of Southern Democratic support to maintain any practical hopes of passing the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill, sought their support by shunning civil rights efforts,<ref>"Farewell to the Party of Lincoln," pp. 244–45.</ref> as he did to pass programs of the First and Second New Deal previously in effectively opposing the [[Costigan–Wagner Act]], an earlier anti-lynching bill, during 1935. However, his hopes of passing the bill were destroyed when his chief senatorial ally, [[Joseph T. Robinson]] of [[Arkansas]], suddenly died on July 14, 1937, ultimately resulting in defections by Southern Democrats who no longer had a pro–New Deal Majority Leader to please.<ref>Egerton, John (1994). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Speak_Now_Against_The_Day/QQ45AAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=theodore+bilbo+court+packing&pg=PT177&printsec=frontcover Speak Now Against The Day: The Generation Before the Civil Rights Movement in the South]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 5, 2023.</ref>

Roosevelt, in need of Southern Democratic support to maintain any practical hopes of passing the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill, sought their support by shunning civil rights efforts,<ref>"Farewell to the Party of Lincoln," pp. 244–45.</ref> as he did to pass programs of the First and Second New Deal previously in effectively opposing the [[Costigan–Wagner Act]], an earlier anti-lynching bill, during 1935. However, his hopes of passing the bill were destroyed when his chief senatorial ally, [[Joseph T. Robinson]] of [[Arkansas]], suddenly died on July 14, 1937, ultimately resulting in defections by Southern Democrats who no longer had a pro–New Deal Majority Leader to please.<ref>Egerton, John (1994). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Speak_Now_Against_The_Day/QQ45AAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=theodore+bilbo+court+packing&pg=PT177&printsec=frontcover Speak Now Against The Day: The Generation Before the Civil Rights Movement in the South]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 5, 2023.</ref>

===House Democratic support for weaker substitute===

===Southern Democratic support for U.S. House substitute===

In the U.S. House of Representatives, opposition towards the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill by numerous Democrats including Hatton W. Sumners of Texas, chairman of the influential House Judiciary Committee, led to compromise legislation being passed instead which increased incentives for the retirement of sitting Supreme Court justices, thus enabling sooner new appointments by Roosevelt.<ref>February 10, 1937. [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/h11 TO PASS H. R. 2518, (P. A. 10), A BILL PROVIDING FOR THE RETIREMENT OF JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT.] ''GovTrack''. Retrieved June 5, 2023.</ref>

In the U.S. House of Representatives, opposition towards the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill by numerous Democrats including Hatton W. Sumners of Texas, chairman of the influential House Judiciary Committee, led to compromise legislation being passed instead which increased incentives for the retirement of sitting Supreme Court justices, thus enabling sooner new appointments by Roosevelt.<ref>February 10, 1937. [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/h11 TO PASS H. R. 2518, (P. A. 10), A BILL PROVIDING FOR THE RETIREMENT OF JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT.] ''GovTrack''. Retrieved June 5, 2023.</ref>