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There has been some cooperation between al Qaeda and Iran ''on some'' fronts<ref>In 2011 a U.S. Federal District Court in Manhattan ruled Iran to be material accessory with al Qaeda to the [[9/11]] attacks.</ref> with notable exceptions on the Syria, Iraq, and Yemen<ref>In [http://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdf ''The Management of Savagery''], Abu Bakr Naji, Translated by William McCants for the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University, published in 2006, the jihadist manual and playbook, it says of Yemen:<small> "There is no doubt that the power which God gave to the two superpowers (America and Russia) was overwhelming in the estimation of humans. However, in reality and after careful reflection using pure, human reason, (one comes to understand that this power) is not able to impose its authority from the {{wpl|Centers of power|country of the center}} - from America, for example, or Russia - upon lands in Egypt and Yemen, for example, unless these (latter) countries submit to those powers entirely of their own accord." (p.17 pdf) "'''States designated as (part of) a priority group:''' Recent studies of the renewal movement [could refer to Islamist or Salafist movement] that are connected with current events have designated a group of states - or, more accurately, regions - which the mujahids should focus on so that their striking power will not be dissipated in states where there is nothing that results from action focused on them. Naturally, this initial, theoretical designation provides the opportunity for close scrutiny by the people of every country and the taking of a position [believer vs non-believer]. Thus, focusing on two or three candidates, in the end, makes it possible to verify the readiness of their people for the initiative. This is with respect to focused action.  Therefore, it is worth noting that the studies did not ignore the remaining Muslim bands in the world that are undertaking "vexation" operations in order to disperse the concentration and forces of the enemy (and build) the foundations for the coming jihad beyond the borders after that.<br>
 
There has been some cooperation between al Qaeda and Iran ''on some'' fronts<ref>In 2011 a U.S. Federal District Court in Manhattan ruled Iran to be material accessory with al Qaeda to the [[9/11]] attacks.</ref> with notable exceptions on the Syria, Iraq, and Yemen<ref>In [http://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdf ''The Management of Savagery''], Abu Bakr Naji, Translated by William McCants for the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University, published in 2006, the jihadist manual and playbook, it says of Yemen:<small> "There is no doubt that the power which God gave to the two superpowers (America and Russia) was overwhelming in the estimation of humans. However, in reality and after careful reflection using pure, human reason, (one comes to understand that this power) is not able to impose its authority from the {{wpl|Centers of power|country of the center}} - from America, for example, or Russia - upon lands in Egypt and Yemen, for example, unless these (latter) countries submit to those powers entirely of their own accord." (p.17 pdf) "'''States designated as (part of) a priority group:''' Recent studies of the renewal movement [could refer to Islamist or Salafist movement] that are connected with current events have designated a group of states - or, more accurately, regions - which the mujahids should focus on so that their striking power will not be dissipated in states where there is nothing that results from action focused on them. Naturally, this initial, theoretical designation provides the opportunity for close scrutiny by the people of every country and the taking of a position [believer vs non-believer]. Thus, focusing on two or three candidates, in the end, makes it possible to verify the readiness of their people for the initiative. This is with respect to focused action.  Therefore, it is worth noting that the studies did not ignore the remaining Muslim bands in the world that are undertaking "vexation" operations in order to disperse the concentration and forces of the enemy (and build) the foundations for the coming jihad beyond the borders after that.<br>
 
¶ We can say that there is flexibility in the matter, such that it can change according to developments. These studies were distributed in the three years prior to the [[9/11|momentous events of September]]. After these events and the developments that followed them, the leadership announced some modifications and excluded some of the regions from the group of priority regions, assuming that their inclusion would affect the order of the remaining states. They included two countries, or rather two additional regions - the countries of the Haramayn and Nigeria. Thus, the states initially designated for inclusion in the group of priority regions are the regions of the following states: Jordan, the countries of the Maghrib, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the countries of the Haramayn and the Yemen." (p.36-37 pdf)</small></ref> fronts where Sunnis and Shi'as have been fiercely battling each other.  By contrast, the Islamic State does not make alliances, but rather demands submission, control, and strict allegiance.
 
¶ We can say that there is flexibility in the matter, such that it can change according to developments. These studies were distributed in the three years prior to the [[9/11|momentous events of September]]. After these events and the developments that followed them, the leadership announced some modifications and excluded some of the regions from the group of priority regions, assuming that their inclusion would affect the order of the remaining states. They included two countries, or rather two additional regions - the countries of the Haramayn and Nigeria. Thus, the states initially designated for inclusion in the group of priority regions are the regions of the following states: Jordan, the countries of the Maghrib, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the countries of the Haramayn and the Yemen." (p.36-37 pdf)</small></ref> fronts where Sunnis and Shi'as have been fiercely battling each other.  By contrast, the Islamic State does not make alliances, but rather demands submission, control, and strict allegiance.
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In 2023 the [[Peoples Republic of China]] mediated a ''[[détente]]'' between two of the major internecine belligerents, Saudi Arabia and Iran.<ref> [https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2023/03/17/china-iran-saudi-peace-petrodollar/ Geopolitical game changer: China’s Iran-Saudi peace deal is big blow to petrodollar and US economic hegemony], Ben Norton, 2023-03-1. geopoliticaleconomy.com</ref>
    
===Iran===
 
===Iran===
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