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→19th Century, Independence, State Consolidation and Wars with neightbours
In 1865 and 1866 Chile, Peru and Ecuador fought against Spain in the [[Chincha Islands War]], Chile and it's allies won.
In 1865 and 1866 Chile, Peru and Ecuador fought against Spain in the [[Chincha Islands War]], Chile and it's allies won.
[[Image:Easter_island_statues.jpg|thumb|right|On September 9, 1888 the Council of Rapanui Chiefs asked the Chilean Navy Captain, Policarpo Toro, to accept the sovereignty of [[Easter Island]] without giving up their chieftaincy titles, the ownership of their lands, the validity of their culture and traditions and on equal terms. This known as the "Agreement of Wills".]]
Toward the end of the 19th century, the government in Santiago consolidated its position in the south by founding the [[Fort Bulnes]] in 1843 (near the current city of [[Punta Arenas]] in the [[Strait of Magellan]]) and incorporating the zone of the south of the [[Biobío river]] in a process called the [[Pacification of the Araucanía]], the government plan was to building roads, schools, and public infrastructure where the [[Mapuche]] Indians live, they were incorporated as citizens, however the rebel Mapuches were crushed.
Toward the end of the 19th century, the government in Santiago consolidated its position in the south by founding the [[Fort Bulnes]] in 1843 (near the current city of [[Punta Arenas]] in the [[Strait of Magellan]]) and incorporating the zone of the south of the [[Biobío river]] in a process called the [[Pacification of the Araucanía]], the government plan was to building roads, schools, and public infrastructure where the [[Mapuche]] Indians live, they were incorporated as citizens, however the rebel Mapuches were crushed.
In 1881, Chile signed a treaty with Argentina confirming Chilean sovereignty over the Strait of Magellan but also loosing its colonial rights over Eastern Patagonia. As a result of the [[War of the Pacific]] with Peru and Bolivia (1879–83), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third and acquired valuable nitrate deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence. After a [[Civil war]] in 1891 in which President [[José Manuel Balmaceda]] committed suicide, a parliamentary democracy was established, but degenerated into a system protecting the interests of the ruling oligarchy.
In 1881, Chile signed a treaty with Argentina confirming Chilean sovereignty over the Strait of Magellan but also loosing its colonial rights over Eastern Patagonia. As a result of the [[War of the Pacific]] with Peru and Bolivia (1879–83), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third and acquired valuable nitrate deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence. After a [[Civil war]] in 1891 in which President [[José Manuel Balmaceda]] committed suicide, a parliamentary democracy was established, but degenerated into a system protecting the interests of the ruling oligarchy.
In 1888 Chile incorporated [[Easter Island]] to the national territory.
In 1888 Chile incorporated [[Easter Island]] to the national territory.