==Early leftist smear machines==
In 1949 the [[California ]] State Senate published a report stating,
{{Cquote|Through their newspapers, magazines, books, symposiums, pamphlets, handbills and analytical publications, the [[Communist]]s train and educate their converts in [[Marxism]]-[[Lenin]]ism-[[Stalin]]ism; and, at the same time, they spread their [[propaganda]] to confuse, disrupt and divide.... Equally important ... is the fundamental requirement for machinery and methods for [[Demonization|attack and smear]]. Anyone who opposes or exposes the Communist conspiracy must be destroyed.