Changes

==Alexander I & Nicholas II==

==Alexander I & Nicholas II==

[[Alexander I]] (1801-1825) began his reign as a reformer, but after defeating [[Napoleon]]'s 1812 attempt to conquer Russia, he became much more conservative and rolled back many of his early reforms. During this era, Russia gained control of [[Georgia (Russia)|Georgia]] and much of the [[Caucasus]]. In the 19th century, the Russian Government sought to suppress repeated attempts at reform and attempts at liberation by various national movements, particularly under the reign of [[Nicholas I]] (1825-1855).

[[Alexander I]] (1801-1825) began his reign as a reformer, but after defeating [[Napoleon]]'s 1812 attempt to conquer Russia, he became much more conservative and rolled back many of his early reforms. During this era, Russia gained control of [[Republic of Georgia]] and much of the [[Caucasus]]. In the 19th century, the Russian Government sought to suppress repeated attempts at reform and attempts at liberation by various national movements, particularly under the reign of [[Nicholas I]] (1825-1855).

After Russia’s defeat in the [[Crimean War]] (1853-1856), [[Pan-Slavism]] - the notion that Russia should “liberate” Ottoman and Austrian Slavs, gained popularity among journalists, army officers, politicians, and even within the ruling dynasty.<ref>Stergar, Rok: Panslavism , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2017-07-12. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.11123. [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/panslavism]</ref><ref>''[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CA%5CPan6Slavism.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]'', vol. 3 (1993).</ref>

After Russia’s defeat in the [[Crimean War]] (1853-1856), [[Pan-Slavism]] - the notion that Russia should “liberate” Ottoman and Austrian Slavs, gained popularity among journalists, army officers, politicians, and even within the ruling dynasty.<ref>Stergar, Rok: Panslavism , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2017-07-12. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.11123. [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/panslavism]</ref><ref>''[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CA%5CPan6Slavism.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]'', vol. 3 (1993).</ref>