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'''Spacepol''' or '''Spacepol International Research Network for Space Law and IT-Policy''' as it was referred to during the period 1998-2005 is one of the early [[cybernetworks]] formed during the 1990s within the academic and university world. Spacepol is now an international [[Business|enterprise]] involved in [[academic publishing]] and international public policy [[consulting]] within the fields of Space Law and Public [[Technology Policy]]. Spacepol continues to incorporate some of its original activities and characteristics as a research network, while having turned to commercial pursuits during 2005. The official current name of the enterprise is '''Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers Co'''. The enterprise operates its own innovation policy and space law consulting subsidiary known as '''Spacepol Government Policy Consulting'''.

'''The SPACEPOL Corporation''' is a Canadian-controlled international corporation specializing in national innovation policy development, strategic intelligence and high-knowledge product development. The publishing arm of the corporation also produces peer-reviewed academic literature based upon the research and development activities carried out at SPACEPOL. The SPACEPOL Corporation was incorporated and its first shareholders' meeting held at [[Quebec City]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] in 2008. The current Governor (President and CEO) of the corporation is [[Gunnar K. A. Njalsson]] who was elected by the shareholders in 2008. SPACEPOL maintains an official representation to [[Argentina]] and the [[Nordic]] countries.

==The Cybernetwork 1994-2005==

==The Cybernetwork 1994-2005==

===Motivation and Founders===

===Motivation and Founders===

[[Gunnar K. A. Njalsson]] a University of Helsinki student of [[Public Administration]] and [[Economics]] began in 1994 to collect survey data for a thesis relating to [[Space Law]] from officers of various space agencies including the [[European Space Agency]] online. The resulting benefits and extensive development of new communication methods inspired what was later to become an official cybernetwork dedicated to the subjects of Space Law and Public Technology Policy.

[[Gunnar K. A. Njalsson]] holds a master of social sciences in public administration (Pol. mag.) and a qualified vocational and subject teacher (AmO) with special education as a minor. He also holds a principal's (i.e. school administrator's) credential from Finland. He began in 1994 to collect survey data for a thesis relating to [[Space Law]] from officers of various space agencies including the [[European Space Agency]] online. The resulting benefits and extensive development of new communication methods inspired what was later to become an official cybernetwork dedicated to the subjects of Space Law and Public Technology Policy.

On 30th October 1998 Spacepol International Research Network for Space Law and IT Policy was officially inaugurated as the world's first research network in cyberspace for these fields. The original network was run from a site at the [[University of Helsinki]] in [[Finland]]. Content was provided in [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[English language|English]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]- languages which the founder spoke fluently. Upon a trial period and having received extensive feedback from members of the scientific community including members of the Canadian Political Science Association, Spacepol was fully functional providing information on the research objectives, results and publications of many central scholars in these fields. Due to the simplicity of the site and the extent of information provided in several languages Spacepol soon became the central resource for Space Law and Technology Policy. By 2000, the site was receiving over 900 visits per day from nearly every country with internet access.

On 30 October 1998 Spacepol International Research Network for Space Law and IT Policy was officially inaugurated as the world's first research network in cyberspace for these fields. The original network was run from a site at the [[University of Helsinki]] in [[Finland]]. Content was provided in [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[English language|English]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]- languages which the founder spoke fluently. Upon a trial period and having received extensive feedback from members of the scientific community including members of the Canadian Political Science Association, Spacepol was fully functional providing information on the research objectives, results and publications of many central scholars in these fields. Due to the simplicity of the site and the extent of information provided in several languages Spacepol soon became the central resource for Space Law and Technology Policy. By 2000, the site was receiving over 900 visits per day from nearly every country with internet access.

The network founder, Gunnar K. A. Njålsson believed that providing a single portal enabling access to all central scholars and the latest research results for the entire field would better further cooperation amongst researchers, provide rapid access for those wishing to utilise current research, showcase the progress and utility of the research fields and provide a forum in which to create efficient research consortia while avoiding redundancies.

The network founder, Gunnar K. A. Njålsson believed that providing a single portal enabling access to all central scholars and the latest research results for the entire field would better further cooperation amongst researchers, provide rapid access for those wishing to utilise current research, showcase the progress and utility of the research fields and provide a forum in which to create efficient research consortia while avoiding redundancies.

Largely as a result of the demographic structure and geographical location of regular users and of the network membership, the Spacepol site was relocated to the [[United Kingdom]] in 2001 and all information provided in English. Spacepol continued to provide refereed links to most accredited institutions and projects for the two fields, information on latest research results and an information service to scholars and the international public. By 2002 founder Njålsson had received several awards of recognition for the creation of such a cybernetwork and plans for revamping the site were commenced.

Largely as a result of the demographic structure and geographical location of regular users and of the network membership, the Spacepol site was relocated to the [[United Kingdom]] in 2001 and all information provided in English. Spacepol continued to provide refereed links to most accredited institutions and projects for the two fields, information on latest research results and an information service to scholars and the international public. By 2002 founder Njålsson had received several awards of recognition for the creation of such a cybernetwork and plans for revamping the site were commenced.

==Spacepol the Canadian Company 2005-==

==Spacepol the Canadian Company 2005-2008==

===A Canadian-Finnish Enterprise===

===A Canadian-Finnish Enterprise===

The conversion of Spacepol from a volunteer-maintained information resource and cybernetwork in 2005 to a Quebec-registered commercial enterprise was largely a result of the strategic knowledge of the fields built up over time by Gunnar K. A. Njålsson and Spacepol fellow volunteers. Those involved became increasingly aware that their knowledge and abilities were not easily replicated in other sectors of the aerospace and government industries. The aerospace industry was readily capable of recruiting engineers, but had hardly begun to recruit or knew how to locate international legal expertise in outer space affairs. This provided Spacepol with a strategic market niche. As little was occurring by way of economic adaptation current challenges in academia, the Spacepol founder espoused a policy of gradual and strategic commercialisation of expertise and knowledge within the new fields of Space Law and Public Technology Policy.  

The conversion of Spacepol from a volunteer-maintained information resource and cybernetwork in 2005 to a Quebec-registered commercial enterprise was largely a result of the strategic knowledge of the fields built up over time by Gunnar K. A. Njålsson and Spacepol fellow volunteers. Those involved became increasingly aware that their knowledge and abilities were not easily replicated in other sectors of the aerospace and government industries. The aerospace industry was readily capable of recruiting engineers, but had hardly begun to recruit or knew how to locate international legal expertise in outer space affairs. This provided Spacepol with a strategic market niche. As little was occurring by way of economic adaptation current challenges in academia, the Spacepol founder espoused a policy of gradual and strategic commercialisation of expertise and knowledge within the new fields of Space Law and Public Technology Policy.  

In March 2005, Spacepol International Research Network for Space Law and IT Policy officially became Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers Co an academic publisher for the fields of Space Law and Public Technology Policy. Many of the information features of the former academic network were retained while ensuring that research and consulting services are provided at market rates based upon their strategic value. Literature resulting from the research activities of the enterprise is published and distributed by Spacepol in North America, South America and Europe. The company maintains offices in Quebec City and Esbo, Finland.

In March 2005, Spacepol International Research Network for Space Law and IT Policy officially became Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers an academic publisher for the fields of Space Law and Public Technology Policy. Many of the information features of the former academic network were retained while ensuring that research and consulting services are provided at market rates based upon their strategic value. Literature resulting from the research activities of the enterprise is published and distributed by Spacepol in North America, South America and Europe.  

Spacepol has received some public attention based upon a well-known fact that all of its

Spacepol has received some public attention based upon a well-known fact that all of its

or of the [[International High IQ Society]]. The company maintains that high IQ or  

or of the [[International High IQ Society]]. The company maintains that high IQ or  

membership in a high IQ society has never been a criterium for employment; but is rather an amusing coincidence.

membership in a high IQ society has never been a criterium for employment; but is rather an amusing coincidence.

===Company Philosophy and Slogan===

===Company Philosophy and Slogan===

Spacepol Government Policy Consulting is the consulting arm of the international company Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers Co formed in 2005. The company operates in Canada and the European Union and serves the [[aerospace]] and [[government]] industries.

Spacepol Government Policy Consulting is the consulting arm of the international company Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers Co formed in 2005. The company operates in Canada and the European Union and serves the [[aerospace]] and [[government]] industries.

===Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers Co===

===Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers===

Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers Co is a Quebec City academic publishing company for the fields of [[Space Law]] and technology policy analysis. The company has offices in [[Espoo]], [[Finland]] and Canada and was formed from Spacepol, a previous non-commercial research network in 2005.

Spacepol Éditeurs Universitaires Academic Publishers is a Quebec City academic publishing company for the fields of [[Space Law]] and technology policy analysis. The publishing arm has operations in [[Espoo]], [[Finland]] and Canada and was formed from Spacepol, a previous non-commercial research network in 2005.

 

SPNW Research Network NewsWire is an accredited newswire service producing academic and research-related news and investigative reports. Writers must be journalists in good standing belonging to a North American or South American journalists' association. The SPNW Research Network NewsWire service has produced several investigations into academic fraud or irregularities in connection with its volunteer journalism project ''Svenskfinland granskas 2008''. These reports focused on data protection issues and fraudulent academic practices in Finland.

==Corporate Leadership==

==Corporate Leadership==

Both '''Spacepol Éditeurs universitaires''' and its consulting and research subsidiary '''Spacepol Government Policy Consulting''' are under the executive leadership of the Spacepol [[CEO]] and [[President]]. The company is privately held.

The SPACEPOL Corporation is administered by a [[President]] and [[CEO]] commonly referred to as a [[Governor]] and a [[Board of Directors]] referred to as the Praesidium. The members of the Board or Praesidium are referred to as councillors. In accordance with the Canadian Business Corporations Act, these governing bodies receive their authority from the Annual Meeting of Corporate Shareholders.

 

The corporate articles of incorporation and by-laws contain stipulations preventing The SPACEPOL Corporation from doing business with any person or entity deemed to be sympathetic to or involved in international terrorism or in any jurisdication which in practice does not support and protect the principles of private ownership and freedom of conscience. (The Anti-terrorism Clause).

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**[http://www.spacepol.ca  Official Spacepol Website]

**[http://www.spacepol.ca  Official Spacepol Website]

**[http://www.bookpublishers.com.ar Editores Academicos (Patagonian subsidiary, Argentina)]

**[http://www.bookpublishers.com.ar Editores Academicos (Patagonian subsidiary, Argentina)]

**[http://www.spacepol.com.ar Spacepol de Argentina] Offical Website - Argentina

**[http://www.spacepol.com.ar Spacepol de Argentina] Official Website - Argentina

**[http://www.spacepol.ca/spnw/index.xml SPNW Research Network NewsWire]

**[http://www.spacepol.ca/spnw/index.xml SPNW Research Network NewsWire]

*'''Globally Famous Spacepol Products'''

*'''Globally Famous Spacepol Products'''

**[http://www.spacepol.ca/pdf/SPMS-07.pdf Master Catalogue of Structured Spacepol Lectures and Courses 2007-2008]

**[http://www.spacepol.ca/pdf/SPMS-07.pdf Master Catalogue of Structured Spacepol Lectures and Courses 2007-2008]

**[http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?ez_search=1&fuseaction=readAnnouncement&AnnouncementID=519928 Technological Revolution as Political Coup d'etat] Textbook on Technology Policy Analysis

**[http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?ez_search=1&fuseaction=readAnnouncement&AnnouncementID=519928 Technological Revolution as Political Coup d'état] Textbook on Technology Policy Analysis

*'''Related'''

*'''Related'''

**[http://www.iafastro-iisl.com International Institute of Space Law] (IISL)

**[http://www.iafastro-iisl.com International Institute of Space Law] (IISL)

[[category:Corporations]]

 

[[Category:Business]]

[[Category:Corporations]]

[[Category:Media]]