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At the end of the century, many faithful emigrated to the United States, Canada, and Brazil. Of the estimated 5 million Greek Catholics living in Central Europe at the start of the 20th century, only about 10,000 were outside the Austro-Hungarian borders. It was estimated that there were 3,134,000 Greek Catholics, mostly Ukrainians (and the rest Poles) in the Metropolis of Lviv, including its suffragan eparchies of Stanislav (or Ivano-Frankivsk) and Przemyśl, while the Metropolis of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia with its suffragans of Lugoj, Oradea, and Gherla had 1,267,000 Greek Catholics, mostly Romanians (and the rest Hungarians). In Hungary, the eparchies of Mukachevo and Prešov, suffragans of the Archdiocese of Esztergom, had 562,000 faithful, mostly Ruthenians (and the rest Slovaks and Hungarians), and the eparchy of Križevci, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Zagreb, had 25,000 faithful, both Croats and Ruthenians.<ref>Historical Atlas of Central Europe. Written by Paul Robert Magocsi</ref>

At the end of the century, many faithful emigrated to the United States, Canada, and Brazil. Of the estimated 5 million Greek Catholics living in Central Europe at the start of the 20th century, only about 10,000 were outside the Austro-Hungarian borders. It was estimated that there were 3,134,000 Greek Catholics, mostly Ukrainians (and the rest Poles) in the Metropolis of Lviv, including its suffragan eparchies of Stanislav (or Ivano-Frankivsk) and Przemyśl, while the Metropolis of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia with its suffragans of Lugoj, Oradea, and Gherla had 1,267,000 Greek Catholics, mostly Romanians (and the rest Hungarians). In Hungary, the eparchies of Mukachevo and Prešov, suffragans of the Archdiocese of Esztergom, had 562,000 faithful, mostly Ruthenians (and the rest Slovaks and Hungarians), and the eparchy of Križevci, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Zagreb, had 25,000 faithful, both Croats and Ruthenians.<ref>Historical Atlas of Central Europe. Written by Paul Robert Magocsi</ref>

On February 22, 1903, the Tsar decreed religious freedom, allowing the Greek Catholic Church to function. This Church prospered under the charismatic leadership of Metropolitan [[Andrey Sheptytsky]], who was the archbishop of Lviv from 1900 to 1944. In 1907, Pope [[Pius X]] orally and secretly gave him full powers to organize the Byzantine Rite Church in the Russian Empire.<ref>Bishop Michel D'Herbigny SJ and Russia: A Pre-ecumenical Approach to Christian Unity, p. 56. Author: Léon Tretjakewitsch. Editor: Augustinus-Verlag, 1990. ISBN 3761301626, 9783761301623</ref> Sheptytsky was internally exiled in Russia between 1914 and 1917, and upon his return to Lviv, using the powers granted by Pius X, on May 29, 1917, he created the "Apostolic Exarchate for Byzantine Rite Ukrainian Faithful in Russia and Siberia," appointing Abbot [[Klymentiy Sheptytsky]] as Exarch, confirmed by [[Pope Benedict XV]] on February 24, 1921. On May 28, 1917, he appointed the first Apostolic Exarch for the Greek Catholics of Russia (''Exarchia apostolica pro catholicis ritus byzantini in Russia''), [[Leonid Feodorov]], who was confirmed by Benedict XV on March 1, 1921.<ref>Rome-Moscou: l'ostpolitik du Vatican, p. 29. Author: Mireille Maqua. Editor: Cabay, 1984. ISBN 2870772319, 9782870772317</ref>

On February 22, 1903, the Tsar decreed religious freedom, allowing the Greek Catholic Church to function. This Church prospered under the charismatic leadership of Metropolitan [[Andrey Sheptytsky]], who was the archbishop of Lviv from 1900 to 1944. In 1907, [[Pope Pius X]] orally and secretly gave him full powers to organize the Byzantine Rite Church in the Russian Empire.<ref>Bishop Michel D'Herbigny SJ and Russia: A Pre-ecumenical Approach to Christian Unity, p. 56. Author: Léon Tretjakewitsch. Editor: Augustinus-Verlag, 1990. ISBN 3761301626, 9783761301623</ref> Sheptytsky was internally exiled in Russia between 1914 and 1917, and upon his return to Lviv, using the powers granted by Pius X, on May 29, 1917, he created the "Apostolic Exarchate for Byzantine Rite Ukrainian Faithful in Russia and Siberia," appointing Abbot [[Klymentiy Sheptytsky]] as Exarch, confirmed by [[Pope Benedict XV]] on February 24, 1921. On May 28, 1917, he appointed the first Apostolic Exarch for the Greek Catholics of Russia (''Exarchia apostolica pro catholicis ritus byzantini in Russia''), [[Leonid Feodorov]], who was confirmed by Benedict XV on March 1, 1921.<ref>Rome-Moscou: l'ostpolitik du Vatican, p. 29. Author: Mireille Maqua. Editor: Cabay, 1984. ISBN 2870772319, 9782870772317</ref>

The Ukrainian Greek Catholics found themselves under the different states such as [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Hungary]], Poland and [[Romania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mogchurch.com/about-us/brief-history-of-ukrainian-church/|title=Brief History of Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church|publisher=Mother of God Ukrainian Catholic Church}}</ref> As they extended their policies of Polonization to their eastern territories, the Polish authorities sought to weaken the Greek Catholic Church.<ref name="Magosci">{{cite book| author=Magosci, P. | title=Morality and Reality: the Life and Times of Andrei Sheptytsky| location= Edmonton, Alberta | publisher= Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta | year = 1989 }}</ref> On September 17, 1939, Sheptytsky used his exceptional powers again to create 3 exarchates: the ''Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia, and Podlachia'' (Exarch [[Mykola Charnetskyi]]); the ''Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Greater Ukraine'' (Exarch Josyf Slipyj); and the ''Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Belarus'' (''Locum Tenens'' Mykola Charnetskyj, and from September 17, 1940, Exarch Antoniy Nemantsevich). Pope [[Pius XII]] accepted these exarchates on November 22, 1941.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apostolische-nachfolge.de/Ukraine%20(English).htm|title=Apostolische Nachfolge. Ukraine|accessdate=March 28, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914213026/http://www.apostolische-nachfolge.de/Ukraine%20(English).htm|archivedate=September 14, 2017}}</ref>

The Ukrainian Greek Catholics found themselves under the different states such as [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Hungary]], Poland and [[Romania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mogchurch.com/about-us/brief-history-of-ukrainian-church/|title=Brief History of Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church|publisher=Mother of God Ukrainian Catholic Church}}</ref> As they extended their policies of Polonization to their eastern territories, the Polish authorities sought to weaken the Greek Catholic Church.<ref name="Magosci">{{cite book| author=Magosci, P. | title=Morality and Reality: the Life and Times of Andrei Sheptytsky| location= Edmonton, Alberta | publisher= Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta | year = 1989 }}</ref> On September 17, 1939, Sheptytsky used his exceptional powers again to create 3 exarchates: the ''Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia, and Podlachia'' (Exarch [[Mykola Charnetskyi]]); the ''Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Greater Ukraine'' (Exarch Josyf Slipyj); and the ''Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Belarus'' (''Locum Tenens'' Mykola Charnetskyj, and from September 17, 1940, Exarch Antoniy Nemantsevich). Pope [[Pius XII]] accepted these exarchates on November 22, 1941.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apostolische-nachfolge.de/Ukraine%20(English).htm|title=Apostolische Nachfolge. Ukraine|accessdate=March 28, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914213026/http://www.apostolische-nachfolge.de/Ukraine%20(English).htm|archivedate=September 14, 2017}}</ref>