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==Return to Philadelphia==
==Return to Philadelphia==
By 1870 Eakins was back in Philadelphia, creating his first portraits from his family members and those of his fiancée, Katherine Crowell. These portraits were domestic settings, involving children at play or pets, employing an exactness of color, expression, and mood. From there he would paint outdoor life and sports with a candid realism; his ''Max Schmitt in a Single Scull'' was a mastery of perspective, of light and shadow, and color and composition.
By 1870 Eakins was back in Philadelphia, creating his first portraits from his family members and those of his fiancée, Katherine Crowell. These portraits were domestic settings, involving children at play or pets, employing an exactness of color, expression, and mood. From there he would paint outdoor life and sports with a candid realism; his ''Max Schmitt in a Single Scull'' was a mastery of perspective, of light and shadow, and color and composition.
==''The Gross Clinic''==
In 1875 Eakins embarked on a painting intended for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, and as his subject he returned to Jefferson Medical College where he sat and observed the teaching of Dr. Gross. The result was a large painting, ''The Gross Clinic'', which showed Gross standing before his students in a moment of explanation, the bloody scalpel in his hand fresh from opening an insision for his assistants, while the patient's mother flings an arm before her face to shield herself from the scene, her emotions in sharp contrast to the patience displayed by Dr. Gross.
The public and press responded to ''The Gross Clinic'' unfavorably, and Eakins was forced to display it in a medical section of the Exposition, rather than the actual art exibition; eventually it would reside nearly forgotten in the Jefferson Medical College for years. Eakins was dismayed that the frank realism displayed in ''The Gross Clinic'' represented pain and suffering, according to the critics, and could not be called entertaining, as paintings were assumed to be during that time.
==Paintings==
==Paintings==