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[[File:Darwaza.jpg|thumb|Muhammad 'Izzat Darwazeh]]

[[File:Darwaza.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Muhammad 'Izzat Darwazeh]]

'''Muhammad 'Izzat Darwazeh''' (Darwaza محمد عزة دروزة; 1888–1984)

'''Muhammad 'Izzat Darwazeh''' (Darwaza محمد عزة دروزة; 1888–1984)

was a [[Muslim]] [[Arab]]-Palestinian nationalist<ref>Cohen, Michael J. Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2014. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CbLpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT414].<blockquote><small>By the end of 1941, the murderous nature of the Nazi regime was common knowledge across the Middle East. One of the key Zionist intelligence agents was Ya'akov Cohen, a Samaritan who lived in Nablus. Cohen reported regularly to the Jewish Agency on the situation in Nablus, a centre of Arab nationalist activity.

was a [[Muslim]] [[Arab]]-Palestinian nationalist of the leaders of the Istiqlal Party,<ref>Cohen, Michael J. Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2014. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CbLpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT414].<blockquote><small>By the end of 1941, the murderous nature of the Nazi regime was common knowledge across the Middle East. One of the key Zionist intelligence agents was Ya'akov Cohen, a Samaritan who lived in Nablus. Cohen reported regularly to the Jewish Agency on the situation in Nablus, a centre of Arab nationalist activity.

Nablus was home to some of the  

Nablus was home to some of the  

most prominent Arab nationalists: 'Awni 'Abd al-Hadi and Muhammad 'Izzat Darwaza, leaders of the Istiqlal Party, and Ahmad Shuqayri, the first chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO, 1964). Cohen also reported about trends in other major towns with large Arab populations (i.e. Haifa).</small></blockquote></ref> educator, historian, author and an extremist, born in Nablus.  One of the leaders of the Arab nationalism movement in "Greater Syria",<ref>The Routledge Handbook of the History of the Middle East Mandates. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2015, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mj3LCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA399 p.399].</ref> one of the leaders of the Arab Higher Committee and its secretary.  He was one of the founders of the pan-Arab movements Al-Fatah and the Al-Istiqlal party (he served as a representative to the Supreme Arab Committee and secretary of the committee in 1936).  He advocated against the mandate rule and against Zionism.  As a close relative of the Husseini family, he served many times as a messenger and spokesman for the mufti of Jerusalem, [[Haj Amin al-Husseini]].<ref>Ya'akov Shimoni, Arabs of the Land of Israel [Heb.], Tel Aviv 2017, p. 289n22, p. 297.</ref>

most prominent Arab nationalists: 'Awni 'Abd al-Hadi and Muhammad 'Izzat Darwaza, leaders of the Istiqlal Party, and [[Ahmad Shukeiri|Ahmad Shuqayri]], the first chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO, 1964). Cohen also reported about trends in other major towns with large Arab populations (i.e. Haifa).</small></blockquote></ref> educator, historian, author and an extremist, born in Nablus.  One of the leaders of the Arab nationalism movement in "Greater Syria",<ref>The Routledge Handbook of the History of the Middle East Mandates. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2015, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mj3LCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA399 p.399].</ref> one of the leaders of the Arab Higher Committee and its secretary.  He was one of the founders of the pan-Arab movements Al-Fatah and the Al-Istiqlal party (he served as a representative to the Supreme Arab Committee and secretary of the committee in 1936).  He advocated against the mandate rule and against Zionism.  As a close relative of the Husseini family, he served many times as a messenger and spokesman for the mufti of Jerusalem, [[Haj Amin al-Husseini]].<ref>Ya'akov Shimoni, Arabs of the Land of Israel [Heb.], Tel Aviv 2017, p. 289n22, p. 297.</ref>

 

 

 

A leader of the Arab nationalist movement.

A leader of the Arab nationalist movement.

As secretary of the Syrian Congress, he read in 1920 in Damascus the proclamation of Syrian independence under the Crown of Faisal.

As secretary of the Syrian Congress, he read in 1920 in Damascus the proclamation of Syrian independence under the Crown of Faisal.

After the fall of Faisal he moved to Palestine, where he joined the ex-Mufti Amin al Husayni and became in 1931 secretary of the Muslim Congress in Jerusalem.<ref name=wiener/>

After the fall of Faisal he moved to Palestine, where he joined the Mufti Amin al Husayni and became in 1931 secretary of the Muslim Congress in Jerusalem.<ref name=wiener/>

In 1937 he represented the ex-Mufti's Arab Committee at the Congress in Bludan. At the beginning of [[World War II]] he was arrested by the French authorities in Syria and after his release in 1941 he moved to Turkey, where he stayed till the end of the war. In 1945 he settled in Egypt to take an active part in preparing for the war against the Jews in E.Y. Palestine.<ref name=wiener/>

In 1937 he represented the ex-Mufti's Arab Committee at the Congress in Bludan. At the beginning of [[World War II]] he was arrested by the French authorities in Syria and after his release in 1941 he moved to Turkey, where he stayed till the end of the war.<ref name=wiener/>

 

During [[WW2]], Darwaza engaged in pro-[[Nazi]] activities, helping [[Hitler]]'s war machine.<ref>Rolbant, Samuel. The Arabs: Politics and People. United Kingdom: Amal Publications, 1948, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LVsBAAAAMAAJ&q=Darwaza p. 36].

During [[WW2]], Darwaza engaged in pro-[[Nazi]] activities, helping [[Hitler]]'s war machine.<ref>Rolbant, Samuel. The Arabs: Politics and People. United Kingdom: Amal Publications, 1948, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LVsBAAAAMAAJ&q=Darwaza p. 36].

The Moderm Arab Movement .

The Moderm Arab Movement .

A Tale of Frustration.

A Tale of Frustration.

* Muhammad Izrat Darwaza , Haula l'Haraka l'Arabiyya l'Hadita ("On the Modern Arab Movement") .

Muhammad Izrat Darwaza, Haula l'Haraka l'Arabiyya l'Hadita ("On the Modern Arab Movement").

These six volumes are indispensable for any student of modern Middle Eastern history. The author is a well-known writer and leader of the Arab nationalist movement.

These six volumes are indispensable for any student of modern Middle Eastern history. The author is a well-known writer and leader of the Arab nationalist movement.

All public services must be drastically overhauled, he urges, adding the special point that gatherings of friends and acquaintances in Government offices must stop.  

All public services must be drastically overhauled, he urges, adding the special point that gatherings of friends and acquaintances in Government offices must stop.  

Some such reforms will strengthen the Arab cause, Darwaza thinks, and enable a nationalist generation to do away with that "stain of disgrace," the Jewish State . In a tirade of characteristic 'Arab antisemitism,' Darwaza accuses the Jews of falsely claiming [sic. Darwaza] to be a Semitic people...

Some such reforms will strengthen the Arab cause, Darwaza thinks, and enable a nationalist generation to do away with that "stain of disgrace," the Jewish State . In a tirade of characteristic 'Arab antisemitism,' Darwaza accuses the Jews of falsely claiming [sic. Darwaza] to be a Semitic people...

They are said to be seeking domination over the Arabs just as they ha done in Germany before Hitler and as they were doing in the United States.  

They are said to be seeking domination [sic. Darwaza:] over the Arabs just as they have done [sic. Darwaza:] in Germany before Hitler and as they were doing in the United States.  

Call for Terrorists  

Call for Terrorists  

Nothing is said about the links between Arab nationalists and the Nazis. The Ex-Mufti simply "came back from Europe where he had stayed during the war." A strong denial is made of the reports ("Jewish [sic] lies") that in the 1936-39 riots the Arabs received money and weapons from Germany and Italy.</small></blockquote></ref>

Nothing is said about the links between Arab nationalists and the Nazis. The Ex-Mufti simply "came back from Europe where he had stayed during the war." A strong denial is made of the reports ("Jewish [sic] lies") that in the 1936-39 riots the Arabs received money and weapons from Germany and Italy.</small></blockquote></ref>

==References==

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Middle East]]

[[Category:Middle East]]

[[Category:Islamism]]

[[Category:Islamism]]

[[Category:Nationalism]]

[[Category:Nationalism]]