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'''Exorcism''' is the [[Christian]] ritual of expelling [[demon]]s who are possessing a human being.  

'''Exorcism''' is the [[Christian]] ritual of expelling [[demon]]s who are possessing a human being. When portrayed in the movie ''[[The Exorcist]]'', it terrified audiences and quickly set a box office record in ticket sales.

==Exorcism in the Bible==

==Exorcism in the Bible==

==Practice in the Christian Church==

==Practice in the Christian Church==

==== Eastern Orthodoxy ====

==== Eastern Orthodoxy ====

In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[demon possession|demonic activity]] is inextricably associated with [[disease]] and [[blight]].<ref name="John Anthony McGuckin">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u4i8jv0b7IkC&pg=PA138&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=20#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|quote= In the Orthodox service books the prayers of exorcism attributed to '''''Basil the Great''''' are still in use, for common as well as particular cases of need. In the Latin church the rite of exorcism is now very rarely used, and then only with episcopal permission. The exorcism prayers continue the ancient association of sickness and blight with demonic activity, and the blessings of beasts and fields in the Orthodox service books to this day make a regular pairing of the ideas.|title= The Westminster handbook to patristic theology|publisher =[[Westminster John Knox Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref> As a result, exorcisms are quite common, even finding their way in rituals involving the blessing of [[Field (agriculture)|fields]].<ref name="John Anthony McGuckin"/> The exorcism ritual, found in the ''[[Euchologion]]'', is that of [[Basil of Caesarea|St. Basil the Great]].<ref name="John Anthony McGuckin"/> The [[baptism]] liturgy in Eastern Orthodoxy also contains an exorcism ritual.<ref name="Irving Hexham">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=79uJxu1TMFYC&pg=PA49&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|quote=In the Orthodox Church exorcism is practiced prior to baptism.|title= Pocket Dictionary of New Religious Movements |publisher =[[InterVarsity Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Moine de l'Eglise d'Orient - Baptism">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J7abX63aB4IC&pg=PA44&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=16#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|title=Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition|quote=In the Orthodox rites of Baptism, this liberating action of Christ is expressed in the denial of Satan by the catechumens and in the exorcisms of the priest.|publisher =[[St Vladimir's Seminary Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref>

In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[demon possession|demonic activity]] is inextricably associated with [[disease]] and [[blight]].<ref name="John Anthony McGuckin">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u4i8jv0b7IkC&pg=PA138&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=20#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|quote= In the Orthodox service books the prayers of exorcism attributed to '''''Basil the Great''''' are still in use, for common as well as particular cases of need. In the Latin church the rite of exorcism is now very rarely used, and then only with episcopal permission. The exorcism prayers continue the ancient association of sickness and blight with demonic activity, and the blessings of beasts and fields in the Orthodox service books to this day make a regular pairing of the ideas.|title= The Westminster handbook to patristic theology|publisher =[[Westminster John Knox Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref> As a result, exorcisms are quite common, even finding their way in rituals involving the blessing of [[Field (agriculture)|fields]].<ref name="John Anthony McGuckin"/> The exorcism ritual, found in the ''[[Euchologion]]'', is that of [[Basil of Caesarea|St. Basil the Great]].<ref name="John Anthony McGuckin"/> The [[baptism]] liturgy in Eastern Orthodoxy also contains an exorcism ritual.<ref name="Irving Hexham">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=79uJxu1TMFYC&pg=PA49&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|quote=In the Orthodox Church exorcism is practiced prior to baptism.|title= Pocket Dictionary of New Religious Movements |publisher =[[InterVarsity Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Moine de l'Eglise d'Orient - Baptism">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J7abX63aB4IC&pg=PA44&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=16#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|title=Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox [[Ascesis|Ascetical]] and Mystical Tradition|quote=In the Orthodox rites of Baptism, this liberating action of Christ is expressed in the denial of Satan by the catechumens and in the exorcisms of the priest.|publisher =[[St Vladimir's Seminary Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref>

{{quotation|Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul. —St. Cyril of Jerusalem<ref name="Moine de l'Eglise d'Orient - Exorcism">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J7abX63aB4IC&pg=PA44&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=16#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|title=Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition|quote=St. Cyril of Jerusalem writes: "Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul."|publisher =[[St Vladimir's Seminary Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref>}}

{{quotation|Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul. —St. Cyril of Jerusalem<ref name="Moine de l'Eglise d'Orient - Exorcism">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J7abX63aB4IC&pg=PA44&dq=orthodox+exorcism&lr=&cd=16#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20exorcism&f=false|title=Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition|quote=St. Cyril of Jerusalem writes: "Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul."|publisher =[[St Vladimir's Seminary Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref>}}

==== Catholicism ====

==== Catholicism ====

The countless number of successful exorcisms documented over the centuries since the time of the apostles has been cited as a mark of the authentic Christian faith of the [[Catholic Church]].{{cquote|And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils...<br>—Mark 16:17b KJV<br>Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater ''works'' than these shall he do; because I go unto my father. And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do ''it.''<br>—John 14:12-14 KJV<ref>See also John 20:21-23; 1 John 4:14-15; 2:18-19; Matthew 10:40-42; 16:18-19; 18:5-6, 15-20; 25:45=46; Mark 9:37; Luke 10:16-20; John 15:1-6</ref>}} Catholic exorcists perform authorized exorcisms in the "Name of Jesus Christ the Lord" with permission of the local [[bishop]] after careful investigation of [[discernment]] has been conducted to make an informed determination of the case. The prayers and ritual of exorcism have recently been updated, and the ancient form as set forth in the older ''Rituale Romanum'' is still used by permission.<ref>[https://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/rituale-romanum/ ''Sancta Missa - Rituale Romanum'', Table of Contents: XIII. Exorcism (sanctamissa.org)]</ref> Prayer is addressed to God the Father, in the Name of Jesus Christ the Lord.</ref><ref>[https://www.catholic.org/prayers/prayer.php?p=683 Rite of Exorcism - Catholic online (catholic.org)]</ref> Invocation of the name of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]] has been found to be very effective, along with recitation of the [[Rosary]], and calling on the help of [[Michael (archangel)|St. Michael the Archangel]].<ref>[http://www.catholicapologetics.info/library/prayers/exorcism.htm Exorcism Prayer against Satan and the Apostate Angels - Catholic Apologetics (catholicapologetics.info)]</ref> See

The countless number of successful exorcisms documented over the centuries since the time of the apostles has been cited as a mark of the authentic Christian faith of the [[Catholic Church]].{{cquote|And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils...<br>—Mark 16:17b KJV<br>Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater ''works'' than these shall he do; because I go unto my father. And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do ''it.''<br>—John 14:12-14 KJV<ref>See also John 20:21-23; 1 John 4:14-15; 2:18-19; Matthew 10:40-42; 16:18-19; 18:5-6, 15-20; 25:45=46; Mark 9:37; Luke 10:16-20; John 15:1-6</ref>}} Catholic exorcists perform authorized exorcisms in the "Name of Jesus Christ the Lord" with permission of the local [[bishop]] after careful investigation of [[discernment]] has been conducted to make an informed determination of the case.{{cquote|In determining whether a person is possessed by the devil or his demons, the Church would first make sure he underwent thorough physical and psychiatric examinations. Eliminating these natural causes, Church officials would seek other signs: unexplainable physical phenomena, such as levitation or the uncaused movement of objects; displaying strength that surpasses one's condition; the knowledge and usage of archaic languages that the person would have no way of previously knowing, such as speaking Aramaic; and the secret knowledge of a person's life, particularly the exorcist, which no other person would know. Another sign is the vehement aversion to God, the Blessed Mother, the saints, the crucifix and sacred images, demonstrated by blasphemous remarks or sacrilegious actions. The devil also reveals his presence by acts of anger and violence, and through blasphemous, sacrilegious, profane and obscene remarks. The bishop would authorize an exorcism only after serious examination and a careful weighing of all of the evidence, and thereupon appoint a priest to perform the exorcism.<ref>[https://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/demonic-possession-involves-body-not-soul.html Demonic Possession Involves Body, Not Soul, article by Fr. William Saunders - CERC Catholic education Resource Center (catholiceducation.org)]</ref> }}The prayers and ritual of exorcism have recently been updated, and the ancient form as set forth in the older ''Rituale Romanum'' is still used by permission.<ref>[https://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/rituale-romanum/ ''Sancta Missa - Rituale Romanum'', Table of Contents: XIII. Exorcism (sanctamissa.org)]</ref> Prayer is addressed to God the Father, in the Name of Jesus Christ the Lord.<ref>[https://www.catholic.org/prayers/prayer.php?p=683 Rite of Exorcism - Catholic online (catholic.org)]</ref> Invocation of the name of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]] has been found to be very effective, along with recitation of the [[Rosary]], and calling on the help of [[Michael (archangel)|St. Michael the Archangel]].<ref>[http://www.catholicapologetics.info/library/prayers/exorcism.htm Exorcism Prayer against Satan and the Apostate Angels - Catholic Apologetics (catholicapologetics.info)]</ref> See

*[https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/interview-with-an-exorcist Interview with an Exorcist, by Patrick Coffin 5/1/2013 (catholic.com)]

*[https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/interview-with-an-exorcist Interview with an Exorcist, by Patrick Coffin 5/1/2013 (catholic.com)]

*[https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/why-the-devil-hates-mary-especially-during-exorcisms-93682 Why the devil hates Mary - especially during exorcisms (catholicnewsagency.com)]

*[https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/why-the-devil-hates-mary-especially-during-exorcisms-93682 Why the devil hates Mary - especially during exorcisms (catholicnewsagency.com)]

==Mark 9:38-40 and Luke 9:50 "He does not follow us"==

==Mark 9:38-40 and Luke 9:50 "He does not follow us"==

Jesus Himself counselled acceptance of the performance of genuine exorcisms done by those who do not belong to one's own group of believers, countering potential [[denomination]]al jealousies, competitions and oppositions to others' ministries as not being truly authentic or licit.

Jesus Himself counselled acceptance of the performance of genuine exorcisms done by those who do not belong to one's own group of believers, countering potential [[denomination]]al jealousies, competitions and oppositions to others' ministries as not being truly authentic or licit.{{cquote|And John answered him, saying, Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name, and he followeth not us: and we forbad him, because he followeth not us. But Jesus said, Forbid him not: for there is no man which shall do a miracle in my name, that can lightly speak evil of me. For he that is not against us is on our part. <br>Mark 9:38-40 (KJV)

*"And John answered him, saying, Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name, and he followeth not us: and we forbad him, because he followeth not us. But Jesus said, Forbid him not: for there is no man which shall do a miracle in my name, that can lightly speak evil of me. For he that is not against us is on our part." KJV Mark 9:38-40

 

*"And Jesus said unto him, Forbid ''him'' not: for he that is not against us is for us." KJV Luke 9:50

And Jesus said unto him, Forbid ''him'' not: for he that is not against us is for us. <br>Luke 9:50 (KJV)}}

See [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/mark/9-39.htm multiple commentaries on Mark 9:39 (biblehub.com)] and [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/luke/9-50.htm multiple commentaries on Luke 9:50 (biblehub.com)]

See [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/mark/9-39.htm multiple commentaries on Mark 9:39 (biblehub.com)] and [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/luke/9-50.htm multiple commentaries on Luke 9:50 (biblehub.com)]

*Jesus also said{{cquote|Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. Ye shall know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither ''can'' a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.<br>Matthew 7:15-20 (KJV)}}

*Jesus also said{{cquote|Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. Ye shall know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither ''can'' a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.<br>Matthew 7:15-20 (KJV)}}

==Notable exorcists==

==Notable exorcists==

==See also==

==See also==

[[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version) longer form Chapters 8-14#Ten|Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version) Chapter Ten, ''marginal notes on'' Mark 1:23 "...in the synagogue there was a man who had a spirit of an unclean demon..."]]

 

*[[Spiritual warfare]]

==References==

==References==