Changes

Snowden, who is being sought by U.S. authorities for leaking classified information and is now in [[Russia]], was the catalyst that exposed the vast authority of the NSA by revealing how the agency is capable of retrieving and storing vast amounts of what Americans considered private communications in their servers." http://circa.com/politics/some-us-intelligence-officials-want-trump-to-rescind-obamas-expansion-of-nsa-data </small></ref> The 2002 Amendments to the bill allowed for these changes, although the outdated name 'Foreign Intelligence' attached to the bill's name and the FISA courts established by it remained. Furthermore, technological development expanded the meaning of the term 'wiretap'. While earlier amendments expanded the meaning beyond a microphone plant or hardwire tap on a telephone line to include satellite, microwave, and fiber-optic cables, the original law authorized 'wiretaps' only on a telephone number. With the advent of cell phones, which made it cheap and easy to change phone numbers, the authorization to 'wiretap' was changed from an electronic device to a person, regardless of what telephone or electronic source of transmission they may be using or is available for eavesdropping. Under the revisions, it is the person who is 'wiretapped', not the location or electronic device.

Snowden, who is being sought by U.S. authorities for leaking classified information and is now in [[Russia]], was the catalyst that exposed the vast authority of the NSA by revealing how the agency is capable of retrieving and storing vast amounts of what Americans considered private communications in their servers." http://circa.com/politics/some-us-intelligence-officials-want-trump-to-rescind-obamas-expansion-of-nsa-data </small></ref> The 2002 Amendments to the bill allowed for these changes, although the outdated name 'Foreign Intelligence' attached to the bill's name and the FISA courts established by it remained. Furthermore, technological development expanded the meaning of the term 'wiretap'. While earlier amendments expanded the meaning beyond a microphone plant or hardwire tap on a telephone line to include satellite, microwave, and fiber-optic cables, the original law authorized 'wiretaps' only on a telephone number. With the advent of cell phones, which made it cheap and easy to change phone numbers, the authorization to 'wiretap' was changed from an electronic device to a person, regardless of what telephone or electronic source of transmission they may be using or is available for eavesdropping. Under the revisions, it is the person who is 'wiretapped', not the location or electronic device.

On October 26, 2001, Title II of the [[Patriot Act]] made significant changes to some of the original provisions of FISA. Nine months after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11th terrorist attack]], other proposals to amend FISA were submitted. The amendments granted cross-agency intelligence sharing at their discretion.<ref>[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL30465.pdf Congressional Research Service, February 15, 2007]</ref> Still, turf wars, competition, and mistrust between agencies exist leading to a redundancy of effort. Coordinated efforts on a target, on the other hand, can be devastating. Witness the illegal activities focused against Donald Trump and associates in 2016–18.

On October 26, 2001, Title II of the [[Patriot Act]] made significant changes to some of the original provisions of FISA. Nine months after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11th terrorist attack]], other proposals to amend FISA were submitted. The amendments granted cross-agency [[intelligence sharing]] at their discretion.<ref>[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL30465.pdf Congressional Research Service, February 15, 2007]</ref> Still, turf wars, competition, and mistrust between agencies exist leading to a redundancy of effort. Coordinated efforts on a target, on the other hand, can be devastating. Witness the illegal activities focused against Donald Trump and associates in 2016–18.

===Snowden leaks===

===Snowden leaks===