Difference between revisions of "Biblical weights and measures"

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! width="300" | Biblical References
 
! width="300" | Biblical References
 
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|-
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| Cubit<ref>Goliath's height is provided in cubits in the [[1st Samuel, Chapter 17|1 Samuel 17:4]].</ref>
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| Cubit<ref>Goliath's height is provided in cubits in the [[1st Samuel, Chapter 17|1 Samuel 17:4]], putting his height at 9.5 feet.</ref>
 
| <center>Heb. ''ammah''<br/>2 spans<br/>from elbow to fingertip</center>
 
| <center>Heb. ''ammah''<br/>2 spans<br/>from elbow to fingertip</center>
 
| <center>17.5 inches</center>
 
| <center>17.5 inches</center>
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| <center>18 in</center>
 
| <center>18 in</center>
 
| <center>450 mm</center>
 
| <center>450 mm</center>
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| [[Matthew, Chapter 6|Mat 6:27]], [[Luke, Chapter 12|Luke 12:25]]
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| [[Matthew, Chapter 6|Matt 6:27]], [[Luke, Chapter 12|Luke 12:25]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Fathom
 
| Fathom
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| <center>2 dry gallons</center>
 
| <center>2 dry gallons</center>
 
| <center>8.8 liters</center>
 
| <center>8.8 liters</center>
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| [[Matthew, Chapter 4|Mat 4:21]], [[Matthew, Chapter 5|Mat 5:15]], [[Luke, Chapter 1|Luke 11:33]]
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| [[Matthew, Chapter 4|Matt 4:21]], [[Matthew, Chapter 5|Matt 5:15]], [[Luke, Chapter 11|Luke 11:33]]
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|-
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!colspan="5" align="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: #808000 no-repeat scroll top left;"|Money
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|-
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! width="200" | Type of money
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! width="200" | Greek name used
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! width="200" | U.S. dollar value<br/>(approx. equivalent)
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! width="200" | British pound value<br/>(approx. equivalent)
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! width="300" | Biblical References
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|-
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| Drachme<ref>a day's wage</ref>
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| <center>Greek: ''drachme''<ref>known also as the ''drachma'' or ''denarius''</ref></center>
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| <center>$ 0.16</center>
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| <center>£ 0.11</center>
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| [[Luke, Chapter 15|Luke 15:8]]
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|-
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| Farthing
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| <center>Greek: ''kodrantes''<br/>2 lepta<ref>2 of the mites, [[Mark, Chapter 12|Mark 12:42]]</ref></center>
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| <center>$ 0.01<ref>usually a quarter of this amount</ref></center>
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| <center>£ 0.01<ref>usually a sixth of this amount</ref></center>
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| [[Matthew, Chapter 5|Matt 5:26]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 00:47, July 23, 2025

Old Testament Weights and Measures
Weights
Type of Weight Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Bekah
Half-shekel, 10 gerahs
0.22 oz
6.2 g
 Exodus 38:26
Dram
Hebrew: adarkon
lit, a handful of drachmae or darics
0.31 oz
8.8 g
 1st Chr 29:7, Ezra 2:69, Ezra 8:27, Ne 7:70-72
Gerah
1/20 of a shekel
0.022 oz
0.62 g
 Exodus 30:13, Lev 27:25, Num 3:47, Num 18:16 Eze 45:12
Gerah
1/20 of a shekel
0.022 oz
3 kg
 Ex 30:13, Lev 27:25, Num 3:47, Num 18:16 Eze 45:12
Pound
Heb. mnah
300 shekels
6.6 lbs
0.62 g
 1 King 10.17, Ezra 2:69, Neh 7:71-72
Shekel
20 gerahs
2 bekahs
0.44 oz
12.4 g
 Gen 23:15-16, Exo 21:32
Shekel of the sanctuary
0.5 oz
14.2 g
 Exodus 38:24-25, Lev 27:3-7, Num 7:13-14, Num 18:16
Shekel after the king's weight
Unk; entire weight estimated to have been about 6 lbs / 2.7 kg.
 2 Sam 14:26
Talent
Heb. kikar
3,000 shekels
66 lbs.
30 kg
 Exodus 25:39, Exodus 37:24, Exodus 38:24-25, 1 King 9:14, 28, 2 King 5:5, 22-23
Lengths
Type of Length Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Cubit[1]
Heb. ammah
2 spans
from elbow to fingertip
17.5 inches
445 mm
 Gen 6:15-16, Exo 26:28
Royal cubit
2 spans
plus 1 handbreadth
20.5 inches
521 mm
 2 Chr 3:3, Eze 40:5
Handbreadth
Heb. tophach
width of hand at the base
3 inches
76 mm
 Exo 37:12, 2 Chr 4:5, Ps 39:5
Reed
Heb. qaneh
6 cubits
105 inches
2.67 meters
 Eze 40:3, 5-8, Eze 41:8, Eze 42:16-19
Span[2]
Heb. zereth
width of outstretched hand
3 handbreadths
9 inches
229 mm
 Exo 28:16, Exo 39:9, 1 Sam 17:4, Isa 40:12
Liquid Measures
Type of liquid measure Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Bath
6 hins
9 gallons
34 liters
 1 Ki 7:26, 38, 2 Chr 2:10, 2 Chr 4:5, Ezr 7:22, Isa 5:10, Eze 45:10-11, 14
Hin
12 logs
1.5 gallons
5.7 liters
 Exo 29:40, Exo 30:24, Lev 19:36, Num 15:7, Eze 46:5
Homer
10 baths
90 gallons
340 liters
 Eze 45:11, 14
Log
less than 1 pint
0.5 liter
 Lev 14:10, 12, 15, 21, 24
Dry Measures
Type of dry measure Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Cab
4 logs
3.5 pints
2 liters
 2 Ki 6:25
Ephah
10 omers
0.95 bushels
34 liters
 Exo 16:36, Lev 5:11, Lev 6:20, Lev 19:36, Num 5:15, Num 28:5, Ruth 2:17
Homer
10 ephahs
9.5 bushels
340 liters
 Lev 27:16, Num 11:32, Isa 5:10, Ruth 45:11,13, Hos 3:2
Measure
Heb: seah
6 cabs
20 pints
11 liters
 2 Ki 7:1,16,18
Omer
7 logs
10% of an ephah
6.5 pints
3.6 liters
 Exo 16:16,18,32,33,36
Money
Type of money Hebrew name used U.S. dollar value
(approx. equivalent) 		British pound value
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Piece of money
Heb: qsitah[3]
$ 0.64
£ 0.43
 Gen 33:19, Jos 24:32
Piece of silver
Heb: keseph
$ 0.26
£ 0.17
 Gen 20:16
Shekel
Heb: shekel
$ 0.16
£ 0.11
 Exo 30:15, Lev 5:15
Talent
Heb: kikar
"circle"[4]
substantial[5]
substantial
 Exo 25:39, 1 Kings 9:14
New Testament Weights and Measures
Weights
Type of Weight New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Pound
Greek: litra
12 oz
34 kg
 Rev 16:21, John 19:39
Talent
Greek: talanton
75 lbs
340 g
 John 12:3, John 19:39
Length
Type of length New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Cubit
Greek: pechus
elbow to fingertip, or 2 spans
18 in
450 mm
 Matt 6:27, Luke 12:25
Fathom
Greek: orguia
6 feet
1.83 m
 Acts 2:28
Furlong
Greek: stadion
660 feet
200 m
 Luke 24:13, John 6:19, Rev 14:20, Rev 21:16
Mile
Greek: milion
Roman mile
4,986 feet[6]
1,520 m
 Luke 24:13, John 6:19, Rev 14:20, Rev 21:16
Liquid Measures
Type of liquid measure New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Firkin
Greek: metretes
Heb: bath
9 gallons
34 liters
 John 2:6
Dry Measures
Type of dry measure New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Bushel
Greek: modios
2 dry gallons
8.8 liters
 Matt 4:21, Matt 5:15, Luke 11:33
Money
Type of money Greek name used U.S. dollar value
(approx. equivalent) 		British pound value
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Drachme[7]
Greek: drachme[8]
$ 0.16
£ 0.11
 Luke 15:8
Farthing
Greek: kodrantes
2 lepta[9]
$ 0.01[10]
£ 0.01[11]
 Matt 5:26

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Goliath's height is provided in cubits in the 1 Samuel 17:4, putting his height at 9.5 feet.
  2. ↑ In addition to cubits, the "span" is also used in the measurement of Goliath's height, as provided in the 1 Samuel 17:4.
  3. ↑ called "pieces of silver" in Job 42:11
  4. ↑ a reference to the shape of the talent itself, and not the weight
  5. ↑ Both dollar and pound amounts are unknown due to the approximate weight of the talent, which was estimated to be about 75 pounds or 34 kilograms
  6. ↑ or 0.944 length of a modern mile
  7. ↑ a day's wage
  8. ↑ known also as the drachma or denarius
  9. ↑ 2 of the mites, Mark 12:42
  10. ↑ usually a quarter of this amount
  11. ↑ usually a sixth of this amount
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