Difference between revisions of "Biblical weights and measures"

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| <center>£ 0.13</center>
 
| <center>£ 0.13</center>
 
| [[Matthew, Chapter 18|Matt 18:28]], [[Mark, Chapter 14|Mark 14:5]], [[Luke, Chapter 7|Luke 7:41]], [[John, Chapter 12|John 12:5]]
 
| [[Matthew, Chapter 18|Matt 18:28]], [[Mark, Chapter 14|Mark 14:5]], [[Luke, Chapter 7|Luke 7:41]], [[John, Chapter 12|John 12:5]]
 +
|-
 +
| Penny
 +
| <center>Greek: ''denarion''<br/><ref>16 assaria<br/>a day's wages</ref></center>
 +
| <center>$ 0.20</center>
 +
| <center>£ 0.13</center>
 +
| [[Matthew, Chapter 20|Matt 20:2,9,10,13]], [[Matthew, Chapter 22|Matt 22:19]], [[Mark, Chapter 6|Mark 6:37]], [[Mark, Chapter 12|Mark 12:15]], [[Luke, Chapter 20|Luke 20:24]], [[John, Chapter 6|John 6:7]], [[Revelation, Chapter 6|Rev 6:6]]
 +
|-
 +
| Piece of money
 +
| <center>Greek: ''stater''<br/><ref>New Testament ''shekel''<br/>4 days' wages</ref></center>
 +
| <center>$ 0.64</center>
 +
| <center>£ 0.43</center>
 +
| [[Matthew, Chapter 17|Matt 17:27]]
 +
|-
 +
| Piece of silver
 +
| <center>Greek: ''argurion''<br/><ref>The word ''drachme'' is used for this in [[Luke, Chapter 15|Luke 15:8]]</ref></center>
 +
| <center>$ 0.16</center>
 +
| <center>£ 0.11</center>
 +
| [[Matthew, Chapter 27|Matt 27:3]]
 +
|-
 +
| Pound
 +
| <center>Greek: ''mina''<br/>100 ''denaria''<ref>Or 100 pennies in [[Matthew, Chapter 20|Matt 20:2]]</ref></center>
 +
| <center>$ 20.00</center>
 +
| <center>£ 13.00</center>
 +
| [[Luke, Chapter 19|Luke 19:13,16,18,20,24,25]]
 +
|-
 +
| Talent
 +
| <center>Greek: ''talanton''<br/>60 ''mina''<ref>Or 60 pounds in [[Luke, Chapter 19|Luke 19:13]]</ref></center>
 +
| <center>$ 1,200.00</center>
 +
| <center>£ 800.00</center>
 +
| [[Matthew, Chapter 18|Matt 18:24]], [[Matthew, Chapter 25|Matt 25:15,16,20,22,24,25,28]]
 +
|-
 +
| Tribute
 +
| <center>Greek: ''didrachmon''<br/><ref>New Testament half-shekel; 2 days' wages</ref></center>
 +
| <center>$ 0.32</center>
 +
| <center>£ 0.21</center>
 +
| [[Matthew, Chapter 17|Matt 17:24]], [[Matthew, Chapter 22|Matt 22:19]]
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
{| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="1000" style="margin-left:5px"
 +
|align="center" colspan="5"|
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="4" align="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: brown  no-repeat scroll top left;"|Time
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="4" align="center" style="color: black; height: 30px; background: tan  no-repeat scroll top left;"|Old Testament Time
 +
|-
 +
! width="100" | Unit of Time
 +
! width="300" | Name
 +
! width="300" | Time covered
 +
! width="300" | Biblical References
 +
|-
 +
| Watch
 +
| <center>Morning watch</center>
 +
| <center>2:00 AM to 6:00 AM</center>
 +
| [[Exodus, Chapter 14|Exo 14:24]]
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <center>Middle watch</center>
 +
| <center>10:00 PM to 2:00 AM</center>
 +
| [[Judges, Chapter 7|Jud 7:19]]
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="4" align="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: #800080  no-repeat scroll top left;"|New Testament Time
 +
|-
 +
! width="100" | Unit of Time
 +
! width="300" | Name
 +
! width="300" | Time covered
 +
! width="300" | Biblical References
 +
|-
 +
| Watch
 +
| <center>First watch</center>
 +
| <center>6:00 PM to 9:00 PM</center>
 +
| not mentioned
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <center>Second watch</center>
 +
| <center>9:00 PM to 12:00 midnight</center>
 +
| [[Luke, Chapter 12|Matt 12:38]]
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <center>Third watch</center>
 +
| <center>Midnight to 3:00 AM</center>
 +
| [[Luke, Chapter 12|Matt 12:38]]
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <center>Fourth watch</center>
 +
| <center>3:00 AM to 6:00 AM</center>
 +
| [[Matthew, Chapter 14|Matt 14:25]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 21:54, July 24, 2025

Old Testament Weights and Measures
Weights
Type of Weight Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Bekah
Half-shekel, 10 gerahs
0.22 oz
6.2 g
 Exodus 38:26
Dram
Hebrew: adarkon
lit, a handful of drachmae or darics
0.31 oz
8.8 g
 1st Chr 29:7, Ezra 2:69, Ezra 8:27, Ne 7:70-72
Gerah
1/20 of a shekel
0.022 oz
0.62 g
 Exodus 30:13, Lev 27:25, Num 3:47, Num 18:16 Eze 45:12
Gerah
1/20 of a shekel
0.022 oz
3 kg
 Ex 30:13, Lev 27:25, Num 3:47, Num 18:16 Eze 45:12
Pound
Heb. mnah
300 shekels
6.6 lbs
0.62 g
 1 King 10.17, Ezra 2:69, Neh 7:71-72
Shekel
20 gerahs
2 bekahs
0.44 oz
12.4 g
 Gen 23:15-16, Exo 21:32
Shekel of the sanctuary
0.5 oz
14.2 g
 Exodus 38:24-25, Lev 27:3-7, Num 7:13-14, Num 18:16
Shekel after the king's weight
Unk; entire weight estimated to have been about 6 lbs / 2.7 kg.
 2 Sam 14:26
Talent
Heb. kikar
3,000 shekels
66 lbs.
30 kg
 Exodus 25:39, Exodus 37:24, Exodus 38:24-25, 1 King 9:14, 28, 2 King 5:5, 22-23
Lengths
Type of Length Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Cubit[1]
Heb. ammah
2 spans
from elbow to fingertip
17.5 inches
445 mm
 Gen 6:15-16, Exo 26:28
Royal cubit
2 spans
plus 1 handbreadth
20.5 inches
521 mm
 2 Chr 3:3, Eze 40:5
Handbreadth
Heb. tophach
width of hand at the base
3 inches
76 mm
 Exo 37:12, 2 Chr 4:5, Ps 39:5
Reed
Heb. qaneh
6 cubits
105 inches
2.67 meters
 Eze 40:3, 5-8, Eze 41:8, Eze 42:16-19
Span[2]
Heb. zereth
width of outstretched hand
3 handbreadths
9 inches
229 mm
 Exo 28:16, Exo 39:9, 1 Sam 17:4, Isa 40:12
Liquid Measures
Type of liquid measure Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Bath
6 hins
9 gallons
34 liters
 1 Ki 7:26, 38, 2 Chr 2:10, 2 Chr 4:5, Ezr 7:22, Isa 5:10, Eze 45:10-11, 14
Hin
12 logs
1.5 gallons
5.7 liters
 Exo 29:40, Exo 30:24, Lev 19:36, Num 15:7, Eze 46:5
Homer
10 baths
90 gallons
340 liters
 Eze 45:11, 14
Log
less than 1 pint
0.5 liter
 Lev 14:10, 12, 15, 21, 24
Dry Measures
Type of dry measure Old Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Cab
4 logs
3.5 pints
2 liters
 2 Ki 6:25
Ephah
10 omers
0.95 bushels
34 liters
 Exo 16:36, Lev 5:11, Lev 6:20, Lev 19:36, Num 5:15, Num 28:5, Ruth 2:17
Homer
10 ephahs
9.5 bushels
340 liters
 Lev 27:16, Num 11:32, Isa 5:10, Ruth 45:11,13, Hos 3:2
Measure
Heb: seah
6 cabs
20 pints
11 liters
 2 Ki 7:1,16,18
Omer
7 logs
10% of an ephah
6.5 pints
3.6 liters
 Exo 16:16,18,32,33,36
Money
Type of money Hebrew name used U.S. dollar value
(approx. equivalent) 		British pound value
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Piece of money
Heb: qsitah[3]
$ 0.64
£ 0.43
 Gen 33:19, Jos 24:32
Piece of silver
Heb: keseph
$ 0.26
£ 0.17
 Gen 20:16
Shekel
Heb: shekel
$ 0.16
£ 0.11
 Exo 30:15, Lev 5:15
Talent
Heb: kikar
"circle"[4]
substantial[5]
substantial
 Exo 25:39, 1 Kings 9:14
New Testament Weights and Measures
Weights
Type of Weight New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Pound
Greek: litra
12 oz
34 kg
 Rev 16:21, John 19:39
Talent
Greek: talanton
75 lbs
340 g
 John 12:3, John 19:39
Length
Type of length New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Cubit
Greek: pechus
elbow to fingertip, or 2 spans
18 in
450 mm
 Matt 6:27, Luke 12:25
Fathom
Greek: orguia
6 feet
1.83 m
 Acts 2:28
Furlong
Greek: stadion
660 feet
200 m
 Luke 24:13, John 6:19, Rev 14:20, Rev 21:16
Mile
Greek: milion
Roman mile
4,986 feet[6]
1,520 m
 Luke 24:13, John 6:19, Rev 14:20, Rev 21:16
Liquid Measures
Type of liquid measure New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Firkin
Greek: metretes
Heb: bath
9 gallons
34 liters
 John 2:6
Dry Measures
Type of dry measure New Testament Measure
(approximate equivalent) 		Imperial Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Metric Measure
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Bushel
Greek: modios
2 dry gallons
8.8 liters
 Matt 4:21, Matt 5:15, Luke 11:33
Money[7]
Type of money Greek name used U.S. dollar value
(approx. equivalent) 		British pound value
(approx. equivalent) 		Biblical References
Drachme[8]
Greek: drachme[9]
$ 0.16
£ 0.11
 Luke 15:8
Farthing
Greek: kodrantes
2 lepta[10]
$ 0.01[11]
£ 0.01[12]
 Matt 5:26
Farthing (2)
Greek: assarion
8 lepta[13]
$ 0.01
£ 0.01[14]
 Matt 10:29, Luke 12:6
Mite
Greek: lepton
0.5 of a kodrantes/farthing[15]
$ 0.01[16]
£ 0.01[17]
 Mark 12:42, Luke 12:59, Luke 21:2
Pence
Greek: denaria
[18]
$ 0.20
£ 0.13
 Matt 18:28, Mark 14:5, Luke 7:41, John 12:5
Penny
Greek: denarion
[19]
$ 0.20
£ 0.13
 Matt 20:2,9,10,13, Matt 22:19, Mark 6:37, Mark 12:15, Luke 20:24, John 6:7, Rev 6:6
Piece of money
Greek: stater
[20]
$ 0.64
£ 0.43
 Matt 17:27
Piece of silver
Greek: argurion
[21]
$ 0.16
£ 0.11
 Matt 27:3
Pound
Greek: mina
100 denaria[22]
$ 20.00
£ 13.00
 Luke 19:13,16,18,20,24,25
Talent
Greek: talanton
60 mina[23]
$ 1,200.00
£ 800.00
 Matt 18:24, Matt 25:15,16,20,22,24,25,28
Tribute
Greek: didrachmon
[24]
$ 0.32
£ 0.21
 Matt 17:24, Matt 22:19
Time
Old Testament Time
Unit of Time Name Time covered Biblical References
Watch
Morning watch
2:00 AM to 6:00 AM
 Exo 14:24
Middle watch
10:00 PM to 2:00 AM
 Jud 7:19
New Testament Time
Unit of Time Name Time covered Biblical References
Watch
First watch
6:00 PM to 9:00 PM
 not mentioned
Second watch
9:00 PM to 12:00 midnight
 Matt 12:38
Third watch
Midnight to 3:00 AM
 Matt 12:38
Fourth watch
3:00 AM to 6:00 AM
 Matt 14:25

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Goliath's height is provided in cubits in the 1 Samuel 17:4, putting his height at 9.5 feet.
  2. ↑ In addition to cubits, the "span" is also used in the measurement of Goliath's height, as provided in the 1 Samuel 17:4.
  3. ↑ called "pieces of silver" in Job 42:11
  4. ↑ a reference to the shape of the talent itself, and not the weight
  5. ↑ Both dollar and pound amounts are unknown due to the approximate weight of the talent, which was estimated to be about 75 pounds or 34 kilograms
  6. ↑ or 0.944 length of a modern mile
  7. ↑ Exchange rates listed here are based upon 1st century rates and their modern equivalent.
  8. ↑ a day's wage
  9. ↑ known also as the drachma or denarius
  10. ↑ 2 of the mites, Mark 12:42
  11. ↑ usually a quarter of this amount
  12. ↑ usually a sixth of this amount
  13. ↑ 2 of the mites, Mark 12:42
  14. ↑ usually 2 thirds of this amount
  15. ↑ 2 of the mites, Mark 12:42
  16. ↑ 1/8 of this amount
  17. ↑ 1/12 of this amount
  18. ↑ 16 assaria farthings in Matt 10:29
  19. ↑ 16 assaria
    a day's wages
  20. ↑ New Testament shekel
    4 days' wages
  21. ↑ The word drachme is used for this in Luke 15:8
  22. ↑ Or 100 pennies in Matt 20:2
  23. ↑ Or 60 pounds in Luke 19:13
  24. ↑ New Testament half-shekel; 2 days' wages
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