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The '''Gorsky memo''' is an internal [[KI]] document, dated December 1948, written by [[Anatoly Gorsky]], chief of [[USSR|Soviet]] intelligence in the [[United States]] during [[World War II]]. It lists 43 Soviet sources and intelligence officers likely to have been identified to U.S. authorities following the defections of [[Whittaker Chambers]], [[Hede Massing]], [[Elizabeth Bentley]],  [[Louis Budenz]] and [[Igor Gouzenko]]. It was discovered in the [[KGB]] files by former KGB agent Alexander Vassiliev during the brief opening after the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1993-96, when he was permitted to make notes of some KGB archives. The contents became public as part of ''Vassiliev v Frank Cass & Co Ltd.'', a 2003 libel case in the United Kingdom, identified as "transcript of KGB file 43173 vol.2 (v) pp. 49-55, attached to Alexander Vassiliev to Hartwig, 1 February 2002, in Alexander Vassiliev and Frank Cass & Co Ltd, High Court of Justice Queen's Bench Division Claim No. HQ1X03222, Amended Particulars of

The '''Gorsky memo''' is an internal [[KI]] document, dated December 1948, written by [[Anatoly Gorsky]], chief of [[USSR|Soviet]] intelligence in the [[United States]] during [[World War II]]. It lists 43 Soviet sources and intelligence officers likely to have been identified to U.S. authorities following the defections of [[Whittaker Chambers]], [[Hede Massing]], [[Elizabeth Bentley]],  [[Louis Budenz]] and [[Alexander Koral]]. It was discovered in the [[KGB]] files by former KGB agent [[Alexander Vassiliev]] during the brief opening after the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1993–96, when he was permitted to make notes of some KGB archives. The contents became public as part of ''Vassiliev v Frank Cass & Co Ltd.'', a 2003 libel case in the United Kingdom, identified as "transcript of KGB file 43173 vol.2 (v) pp. 49-55, attached to Alexander Vassiliev to Hartwig, 1 February 2002, in Alexander Vassiliev and Frank Cass & Co Ltd, High Court of Justice Queen's Bench Division Claim No. HQ1X03222, Amended Particulars of

Claim." Vassiliev donated his original notes the the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, which posted them online in 2009. The translation is by Philip Redko, with annotations by Vassiliev and Library of Congress Cold War historian John Earl Haynes.

Claim." Vassiliev donated his original notes the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, which posted them online in 2009. The translation is by Philip Redko, with annotations by Vassiliev and Library of Congress Cold War historian [[John Earl Haynes]].

=Failures in the USA (1938-48)=

=Failures in the USA (1938-48)=

==“Karl’s” group:==

==“Karl’s” group==

1. Karl – [[Whittaker Chambers]], former editor in chief of “Time” magazine. Traitor.

#Karl – [[Whittaker Chambers]], former editor in chief of “Time” magazine. Traitor.

2. Jerome – Barna Bukov (Altman), our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

#Jerome – Barna Bukov (Altman), our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

3. Leonard – [[Alger Hiss]], former employee of the State Dept.

#Leonard – [[Alger Hiss]], former employee of the State Dept.

4. Junior – [[Donald Hiss]], former employee of the Dept. of the Interior

#Junior – [[Donald Hiss]], former employee of the Dept. of the Interior

5. 104th – [[Henry Wadleigh|Henry A. Wadleigh]] – former employee of the State Dept.

#104th – [[Henry Wadleigh|Henry A. Wadleigh]] – former employee of the State Dept.

6. 118th – F.V. Reno – former employee of the Aberdeen Proving Ground

#118th – F.V. Reno – former employee of the Aberdeen Proving Ground

7. 105th – [[Henry Collins]], former employee of Dept. of Agriculture, at pres., director of the

#105th – [[Henry Collins]], former employee of Dept. of Agriculture, at pres., director of the American-Russian Institute in NY

American-Russian Institute in NY

#114th – [[Ward Pigman|William W. Pigman]], former employee of the Bureau of Standards

8. 114th – [[Ward Pigman|William W. Pigman]], former employee of the Bureau of Standards

#“Storm” – [[J. Peters|Joseph Peters]] (a.k.a. Isadore Boorstein), former member of the Central Committee of the CP USA

9. “Storm” – [[J. Peters|Joseph Peters]] (a.k.a. Isadore Boorstein), former member of the Central Committee

#“Vig” – [[Lee Pressman]], former legal adviser of the Congress of Industrial Organizations

of the CP USA

#116th – Harry Azizov, former employee of a steel-smelting company in Chicago

10. “Vig” – [[Lee Pressman]], former legal adviser of the Congress of Industrial Organizations

#101st – Peter MacLean, journalist and photoreporter, not used since '37

11. 116th – Harry Azizov, former employee of a steel-smelting company in Chicago

#103rd – David Carpenter, newspaper employee

12. 101st – Peter MacLean, journalist and photoreporter, not used since '37

#107th – Felix Inslerman, place of employment unknown

13. 103rd – David Carpenter, newspaper employee

#113th – Harry Rosenthal, employee of an insurance company in Philadelphia

14. 107th – Felix Inslerman, place of employment unknown

#115th – Lester Hutm, former employee of the Frankford Arsenal

15. 113th – Harry Rosenthal, employee of an insurance company in Philadelphia

#“Ernst” – [[Noel Field]], former employee of the State Dept.

16. 115th – Lester Hutm, former employee of the Frankford Arsenal

#“Rupert” – V.V. Sveshnikov, former employee of the War Dept.

17. “Ernst” – [[Noel Field]], former employee of the State Dept.

#“Richard” – [[Harry Dexter White|Harry White]], former assistant to Sec. of the Treasury Morgenthau, died in ‘48

18. “Rupert” – V.V. Sveshnikov, former employee of the War Dept.

#“Aileron” – [[George Silverman|G. Silverman]], former chief of the Planning and Statistics Division of the AAF

19. “Richard” – [[Harry Dexter White|Harry White]], former assistant to Sec. of the Treasury Morgenthau, died in ‘48

#“Ruble” – [[Harold Glasser]], former director of the Monetary Division of the Dept. of the Treasury

20. “Aileron” – [[George Silverman|G. Silverman]], former chief of the Planning and Statistics Division of the AAF

21. “Ruble” – [[Harold Glasser]], former director of the Monetary Division of the Dept. of the

Treasury

==“Redhead’s” group==

==“Redhead’s” group==

1. “Redhead” – [[Hede Massing|Hedwiga Gumpertz]], “Vatsek’s” wife. Sent to the USA in ’38 to carry out our

#“Redhead” – [[Hede Massing|Hedwiga Gumpertz]], “Vatsek’s” wife. Sent to the US in ’38 to carry out our assignments. A traitor since ’48.

assignments. A traitor since ’48.

#“Vatsek” – Paul Massing, a scientist at the “Institute for Social Research” at Columbia University. Traitor.

2. “Vatsek” – Paul Massing, a scientist at the “Institute for Social Research” at Columbia

#“Oscar” – Oscar Bernstein, a lawyer, used for setting up covers for our workers in the USA.

University. Traitor.

#“Prince” – [[Laurence Duggan]] (a.k.a. 19) former employee of the State Dept. Suicide.

3. “Oscar” – Oscar Bernstein, a lawyer, used for setting up covers for our workers in the USA.

#“Ruff” – [[Franz Neumann]], former consultant for the Research and Analysis Branch of the OSS.

4. “Prince” – [[Laurence Duggan]] (a.k.a. 19) former employee of the State Dept. Suicide.

#“Vardo” – E.Y. Zarubina, our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

5. “Ruff” – [[Franz Neumann]], former consultant for the Research and Analysis Branch of the OSS.

6. “Vardo” – E.Y. Zarubina, our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

==“Buben’s” group==

==“Buben’s” group==

1. “Buben” – [[Louis Budenz]], former member of the Central Committee of the CP USA, former editor

#“Buben” – [[Louis Budenz]], former member of the Central Committee of the CP USA, former editor of the “Daily Worker,” at pres., he is a professor at Fordham Catholic University.

of the “Daily Worker,” at pres., he is a professor at Fordham Catholic University.

#“Bob” – Robert Menaker, traveling salesman for various trade firms

2. “Bob” – Robert Menaker, traveling salesman for various trade firms

#“Liberal” – Frank Palmer. Place of employment unknown. Former member of the CP USA, broke with the Comparty in ’37. “Buben” was recruited with his help.

3. “Liberal” – Frank Palmer. Place of employment unknown. Former member of the CP USA,

#“Chap” – Franklin Zalmond, no specific occupation. “Rita’s” husband. Used as a courier.

broke with the Comparty in ’37. “Buben” was recruited with his help.

#“Rita” – (a.k.a. “Satyr”). Sylvia Caldwell, tech. secretary for a Trotskyite group in NY

4. “Chap” – Franklin Zalmond, no specific occupation. “Rita’s” husband. Used as a courier.

#“Harry” – Rabinovich, our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

5. “Rita” – (a.k.a. “Satyr”). Sylvia Caldwell, tech. secretary for a Trotskyite group in NY

6. “Harry” – Rabinovich, our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

==“Sound” and “Myrna’s” group==

==“Sound” and “Myrna’s” group==

1. “Sound” – [[Jacob Golos]] (Raisin), our former illegal employee in the USA. Died in ’43.

#“Sound” – [[Jacob Golos]] (Raisin), our former illegal employee in the USA. Died in ’43.

2. “Myrna” – [[Elizabeth Bentley]], former vice president of the “United States Service and Shipping

#“Myrna” – [[Elizabeth Bentley]], former vice president of the “United States Service and Shipping Corporation.” A traitor since ’45.

Corporation.” A traitor since ’45.

#“Tan” – [[Harry Magdoff]], former official at the Dept. of Commerce

3. “Tan” – [[Harry Magdoff]], former official at the Dept. of Commerce

#“Ted” – Edward Fitzgerald, former official at the Dept. of Commerce

4. “Ted” – Edward Fitzgerald, former official at the Dept. of Commerce

#“Mole” – [[Charles Kramer]], former adviser to Senator Pepper.

5. “Mole” – [[Charles Kramer]], former adviser to Senator Pepper.

#“Izra” – [[Donald Wheeler]], former OSS official

6. “Izra” – [[Donald Wheeler]], former OSS official

#“Sid” – [[Allan Rosenberg]], former Foreign Economic Administration official

7. “Sid” – [[Allan Rosenberg]], former Foreign Economic Administration official

#“Dan” – [[Stanley Graze]], State Dept. intelligence employee

8. “Dan” – [[Stanley Graze]], State Dept. intelligence employee

#“Arena” – [[Gerald Graze]], “Dan’s” brother, former employee of the War Dept.

9. “Arena” – [[Gerald Graze]], “Dan’s” brother, former employee of the War Dept.

#“Boy” – [[Charles Flato]], former employee of the Foreign Economic Administration

10. “Boy” – [[Charles Flato]], former employee of the Foreign Economic Administration

#“Raid” – [[Victor Perlo]], former War Production Board official

11. “Raid” – [[Victor Perlo]], former War Production Board official

#“Robert” – [[Gregory Silvermaster]], former official of the Reconstruction Financial Corporation at the Dept. of Commerce

12. “Robert” – [[Gregory Silvermaster]], former official of the Reconstruction Financial Corporation at

#“Vim” (a.k.a. “Page”) – [[Lauchlin Currie]], former aide to President Roosevelt

the Dept. of Commerce

#“Peak” – [[Frank Coe]], former chief of the Monetary Section of the Dept. of the Treasury

13. “Vim” (a.k.a. “Page”) – [[Lauchlin Currie]], former aide to President Roosevelt

#“Acorn” – [[Bela Gold]], former Dept. of Commerce official

14. “Peak” – [[Frank Coe]], former chief of the Monetary Section of the Dept. of the Treasury

#“Zhenya” – Sonia Gold, former secretary to the chief of the Monetary Research Division of the Dept. of the Treasury

15. “Acorn” – [[Bela Gold]], former Dept. of Commerce official

#“Tino” – [[Irving Kaplan]], former employee of the Foreign Economic Administration

16. “Zhenya” – Sonia Gold, former secretary to the chief of the Monetary Research Division of the

#“Sachs” – [[Solomon Adler]], former employee of the U.S. Dept. of the Treasury

Dept. of the Treasury

#“Pilot” – [[William Ludwig Ullman|Ludwig Ullman]], former employee of the U.S. Dept. of War

17. “Tino” – [[Irving Kaplan]], former employee of the Foreign Economic Administration

#“Bak” – [[David Weintraub]], former employee of the UNRRA

18. “Sachs” – [[Solomon Adler]], former employee of the U.S. Dept. of the Treasury

#“X” – [[Joseph Katz]], our old agent/group handler, co-owner of a cover that we set up — a glovemaking factory. Currently in Italy, forming a company on our instructions to cover the illegal courier line between Europe and the USA.

p.53 19. “Pilot” – [[William Ludwig Ullman|Ludwig Ullman]], former employee of the U.S. Dept. of War

#“Adam” – Eva Getzov, employee of the “Jewish Welfare Board”

20. “Bak” – [[David Weintraub]], former employee of the UNRRA

#“Hare” – [[Maurice Halperin]], former OSS employee

21. “X” – [[Joseph Katz]], our old agent/group handler, co-owner of a cover that we set up — a glovemaking factory. Currently in Italy, forming a company on our instructions to cover the illegal courier line between Europe and the USA.

#“Koch” – [[Duncan Lee]], former OSS employee

22. “Adam” – Eva Getzov, employee of the “Jewish Welfare Board”

#“Muse” – [[Helen Tenney]], former OSS employee

23. “Hare” – [[Maurice Halperin]], former OSS employee

#“Flora” – [[Ruth Rivkin]], f. UNRRA employee

24. “Koch” – [[Duncan Lee]], former OSS employee

#“Mon” – Bernard Redmont, f. employee of the “Rockefeller Committee”

25. “Muse” – [[Helen Tenney]], former OSS employee

#“Mirage” – [[Robert Miller]], f. State Dept. official

26. “Flora” – [[Ruth Rivkin]], f. UNRRA employee

#“Dir” – [[Mary Price]], f. secretary to American journalist Lippmann

27. “Mon” – Bernard Redmont, f. employee of the “Rockefeller Committee”

#“Gor” – [[Joseph Gregg]], f. “Rockefeller Committee” official

28. “Mirage” – [[Robert Miller]], f. State Dept. official

#“Fedya” – [[William Remington]], f. War Production Board official

29. “Dir” – [[Mary Price]], f. secretary to American journalist Lippmann

#“Cautious” – [[Julius Joseph]], f. OSS employee

30. “Gor” – [[Joseph Gregg]], f. “Rockefeller Committee” official

#“Echo” – S. Schuster, staff member of the Central Committee of the CP USA

31. “Fedya” – [[William Remington]], f. War Production Board official

#“Irma” – [[Ray Elson]], f. vice president of the “United States Service and Shipping Corporation”

32. “Cautious” – [[Julius Joseph]], f. OSS employee

#“Grin” – John Spivak, journalist, used on the Trotskyites until ’41

33. “Echo” – S. Schuster, staff member of the Central Committee of the CP USA

#“Vadim” – [[Anatoly Gorsky|A.V. Gorsky]], f. station chief of the MGB USSR in Washington, currently in the USSR.

34. “Irma” – [[Ray Elson]], f. vice president of the “United States Service and Shipping Corporation”

#“Lucy” – Pravdina, f. Amtorg employee, wife of the former station chief in NY, “Sergey.” Currently in the USSR.

35. “Grin” – John Spivak, journalist, used on the Trotskyites until ’41

#“Sergey” – [[Vladimir Pravdin|V. Pravdin]], f. station chief of the MGB USSR in NY. Currently in the USSR.

35. “Vadim” – [[Anatoly Gorsky|A.V. Gorsky]], f. station chief of the MGB USSR in Washington, currently in the USSR.

#“Stock” – our cadre employee M. Shalyapin. Currently in the USSR.

36. “Lucy” – Pravdina, f. Amtorg employee, wife of the former station chief in NY, “Sergey.”

#“Gennady” – [[Gaik Ovakimian|G.B. Ovakimyan]], f. station chief of the MGB USSR in NY. Currently in the USSR.

Currently in the USSR.

#“Albert” – [[Ishkak Akhmerov|A.I. Akhmerov]], f. illegal station chief of the MGB in NY. Currently in the USSR.

37. “Sergey” – [[Vladimir Pravdin|V. Pravdin]], f. station chief of the MGB USSR in NY. Currently in the USSR.

#“Elsa” – Akhmerova, Albert's wife, American, a Soviet citizen. Currently in the USSR.

38. “Stock” – our cadre employee M. Shalyapin. Currently in the USSR.

#“Mushroom” – [[Willard Park]], f. employee of the “Rockefeller Committee”

39. “Gennady” – [[Gaik Ovakimian|G.B. Ovakimyan]], f. station chief of the MGB USSR in NY. Currently in the USSR.

#“Charlie” – [[Cedric Belfrage]], f. employee of the English intelligence station in NY. At pres., he is a

40. “Albert” – [[Ishkak Akhmerov|A.I. Akhmerov]], f. illegal station chief of the MGB in NY. Currently in the USSR.

41. “Elsa” – Akhmerova, Albert’s wife, American, a Soviet citizen. Currently in the USSR.

42. “Mushroom” – [[Willard Park]], f. employee of the “Rockefeller Committee”

43. “Charlie” – [[Cedric Belfrage]], f. employee of the English intelligence station in NY. At pres., he is a

journalist.

journalist.

==“Berg” and “Art’s” group==

==“Berg” and “Art’s” group==

1. “Berg” – [[Alexander Koral]], f. engineer of the municipality of NY

#“Berg” – [[Alexander Koral]], f. engineer of the municipality of NY

2. “Art” – Helen Koral, “Berg’s” wife. Housewife.

#“Art” – Helen Koral, “Berg’s” wife. Housewife.

3. “San” – Richard Koral, son. Student.

#“San” – Richard Koral, son. Student.

4. “Long” –Norman Hait, engineer for the “Sperry Gyroscope Company” in New Jersey.

#“Long” –Norman Hait, engineer for the “Sperry Gyroscope Company” in New Jersey.

p.55 5. “Smart” – Elliot Goldberg, engineer for an oil equipment manufacturing company in NY.

#“Smart” – Elliot Goldberg, engineer for an oil equipment manufacturing company in NY.

6. “Huron” – Byron T. Darling, engineer for the “Rubber” Company

#“Huron” – Byron T. Darling, engineer for the “Rubber” Company

7. “Teacher” – Melamed, teacher at a music school in NY

#“Teacher” – Melamed, teacher at a music school in NY

8. “Cora” – Emma Phillips, housewife

#“Cora” – Emma Phillips, housewife

9. “Lok” – Sylvia Koral, former employee of the Code Section of the Office of War Information.

#“Lok” – Sylvia Koral, former employee of the Code Section of the Office of War Information.

10. “Siskin” – Eduardo Pequeño, businessman in Caracas (Venezuela)

#“Siskin” – Eduardo Pequeño, businessman in Caracas (Venezuela)

11. “Express Messenger” – Richard Setaro, journalist/writer, f. employee of the “Columbia

#“Express Messenger” – Richard Setaro, journalist/writer, f. employee of the “Columbia Broadcasting System.” Currently in Buenos Aires.

Broadcasting System.” Currently in Buenos Aires.

#“Artem” – A. Slavyagin, our cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

12. “Artem” – A. Slavyagin, our cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.

#“Twain” – S.M. Semenov, station chief of KI tech. intelligence in Paris. At pres.- on leave in Moscow.

13. “Twain” – S.M. Semenov, station chief of KI tech. intelligence in Paris. At pres.- on leave in

#“Aleksey”– A.A. Yatskov, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.

Moscow.

#“Julia” – O.V. Shimmel, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.

14. “Aleksey”– A.A. Yatskov, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.

#“Shah” – K.A. Chugunov, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.

15. “Julia” – O.V. Shimmel, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.

16. “Shah” – K.A. Chugunov, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.

A. Gorsky (Dec. ’48)

A. Gorsky (Dec. ’48)

==Source==

==Sources==

* Alexander Vassiliev, Black Notebook ([http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.documents&group_id=511603 The Vassiliev Notebooks], Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars)

* Alexander Vassiliev, Black Notebook ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090630062819/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.documents&group_id=511603 The Vassiliev Notebooks] (Archive), Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars)

:* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/Black%20Notebook%20Original.pdf Original], p. 39

:* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Black%2520Notebook%2520Original.pdf Original], pp. 39-40

:* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/Black%20Notebook%20Transcribed.pdf Transcribed], p. 77

:* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Black%2520Notebook%2520Transcribed.pdf Transcribed], pp. 77-79

:* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/Black%20Notebook%20Translated1.pdf Translated] p. 77

:* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Black%2520Notebook%2520Translated1.pdf Translated] pp. 77-79

* See also:

* See also:

:* Gorsky Symposium, History of American Communism (H-HOAC) Discussion Network, March 14-20, 2005  

:* Gorsky Symposium, History of American Communism (H-HOAC) Discussion Network, March 14–20, 2005  

::* Ronald Bachman and Harold Leich (tr.), with John Earl Haynes, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=b&msg=ycrsVT7M1e2L9EECiLFskg&user=&pw= Alexander Vassiliev's Notes on Anatoly Gorsky's December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks], March 14, 2005

::* Ronald Bachman and Harold Leich (tr.), with John Earl Haynes, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=b&msg=ycrsVT7M1e2L9EECiLFskg&user=&pw= Alexander Vassiliev's Notes on Anatoly Gorsky's December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks], March 14, 2005

::* Svetlana Chervonnaya, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=c&msg=czBexT36qyqr0oCHBC%2b8sQ&user=&pw= Gorsky memo], March 15, 2005

::* Svetlana Chervonnaya, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=c&msg=czBexT36qyqr0oCHBC%2b8sQ&user=&pw= Gorsky memo], March 15, 2005

:* The Alger Hiss Story: Search for the Truth

:* The Alger Hiss Story: Search for the Truth

::*[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/gorskynotesscans.html Scans of Vassiliev's notes on "Gorsky's List"],  

::*[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/gorskynotesscans.html Scans of Vassiliev's notes on "Gorsky's List"],  

::* [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/gorskytransliteration.html "Gorsky's List" Transliterated], March-April 2005

::* [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/gorskytransliteration.html "Gorsky's List" Transliterated], March–April 2005

::* [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/gorskylist.html "Gorsky's List"], April 2005

::* [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/gorskylist.html "Gorsky's List"], April 2005

:* David Lowenthal with Svetlana A. Chervonnaya, [http://hnn.us/articles/11581.html Gorsky Report: Dec 23, 1949], History News Network (George Mason University), May 2, 2005

:* David Lowenthal with Svetlana A. Chervonnaya, [http://hnn.us/articles/11581.html Gorsky Report], History News Network (George Mason University), May 2, 2005