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==Some Grammar Concepts==
==Some Grammar Concepts==
''See also:'' [[Writing]]
===Syntax===
===Syntax===
Syntax is the study of the rules for forming grammatical sentences.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/syntax Syntax]</ref> When linguists describe sentence structure in languages, they typically look at the relationship between the Subject, the Object and the Verb and classify the language by the order of those words.
Syntax is the study of the rules for forming grammatical sentences.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/syntax Syntax]</ref> When linguists describe sentence structure in languages, they typically look at the relationship between the Subject, the Object and the Verb and classify the language by the order of those words.
*'''Subject''' is the agent of the action (such as a person).
*'''Subject''' is the doer of the effect (such as a person).
*'''Verb''' is the action being undertaken (the thing being done e.g. buying).
*'''Verb''' is the effect being undertaken (the thing being done ''e.g.'' buying).
*'''Object''' is the item, person or thing that has the action done to it (e.g. the paper).
*'''Object''' is the item, person or thing that has the effect placed on it (''e.g.'' the paper).
'''SVO''' refers to '''subject''', '''verb''', '''object'''. An [[English]] example of this is '''I (s) buy (v) the book (obj)'''. In [[German]] this would be rendered '''Ich (s) kaufe(v) das Buch(o)'''.
'''SVO''' refers to '''subject''', '''verb''', '''object'''. An [[English]] example of this is '''I (s) buy (v) the book (obj)'''. In [[German]] this would be rendered '''Ich (s) kaufe (v) das Buch (o)'''.
Besides SVO, the two most common are SOV (subject, object, verb), as used in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] (hon(s) wo katta (v)), and VSO (verb, subject, object), as used in Biblical [[Hebrew]]. Some languages have free word order because the subject and the object have different [[grammatical case|case]] endings.
Besides SVO, the two most common are SOV (subject, object, verb), as used in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] (hon (s) wo katta (v)), and VSO (verb, subject, object), as used in Biblical [[Hebrew]]. Some languages have free word order because the subject and the object have different [[grammatical case|case]] endings.
===Gender===
===Gender===
Depending on the language, typical gender distinctions include masculine/feminine, masculine/feminine/neuter, masculine singular/feminine singular/neuter singular/genderless plural, and animate/inanimate. Not all languages have grammatical gender; for example, some languages have a single pronoun corresponding to the English "he," "she," and "it." In [[Hebrew]], the word for "it" is the same as the word for "this", so "I like it" would literally translate as "I like this”. Depending on the language, gender and [[number (grammar)|number]] may or may not be encoded separately, i.e., represented by separate [[morpheme]]s.
Depending on the language, typical gender distinctions include masculine/feminine, masculine/feminine/neuter, masculine singular/feminine singular/neuter singular/genderless plural, and animate/inanimate. Not all languages have grammatical gender; for example, some languages have a single pronoun corresponding to the English "he," "she," and "it." In [[Hebrew]], the word for "it" is the same as the word for "this", so "I like it" would literally translate as "I like this”. Depending on the language, gender and [[number (grammar)|number]] may or may not be encoded separately, i.e., represented by separate [[morpheme]]s.
== Online grammar checkers ==
*[https://www.grammar.com/ Online grammar checker], Grammar.com
*[https://www.grammarcheck.net/editor/ Grammar check], Grammarcheck.net
== Books on grammar ==
''See also:'' [[Books on writing, grammar and usage]]
*''The Hodges Harbrace Handbook'' by Cheryl Glenn and Loretta Gray, Wadsworth Publishing; 18th edition (January 1, 2012)
*''The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation: An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes'' by Lester Kaufman and Jane Straus, Jossey-Bass; 12th edition (May 4, 2021)
*''High School English Grammar and Composition Book (Multicolour Edition)'' by V, Prasada, Rao N D, S Chand & Company (December 1, 2015) - Revision of a popular book by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wren_%26_Martin Wren and Martin] (Separate answer key book is available)
* ''Grammar By Diagram: Understanding English Grammar Through Traditional Sentence Diagraming (2nd Edition)'' by Cindy L. Vitto. Broadview Press. January 1, 2006.
*''Write Right!: A Desktop Digest of Punctuation, Grammar, and Style'' by Jan Venolia. Ten Speed Press; 4th edition (August 21, 2001)
*''The Best Punctuation Book, Period: A Comprehensive Guide for Every Writer, Editor, Student, and Businessperson'' by June Casagrande. Ten Speed Press; First Edition (April 15, 2014)
*''Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation'' by Lynne Truss. Avery; Reprint edition (April 11, 2006)
*''The Grouchy Grammarian: A How-Not-To Guide to the 47 Most Common Mistakes in English Made by Journalists, Broadcasters, and Others Who Should Know Better 1st Edition'' by Thomas Parrish. Wiley; 1st edition (September 24, 2002)
*''Grammar for a Full Life: How the Ways We Shape a Sentence Can Limit or Enlarge Us'' by Lawrence Weinstein, Lexigraphic Publishing (November 17, 2020)
*''Handbook of Grammar & Composition, A Beka Book, 5th Edition''. A BEKA BOOK; 5th edition (January 1, 1970)
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Ablaut]]
*[[Ablaut]]
*[[English grammar]]
*[[English grammar]]
== External links ==
*[https://www.grammarly.com/grammar Your Complete Guide to English Grammar], Grammarly
*[https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/grammar/index.html Grammar], Purdue University
==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category: Writing]]